Euripides · Heracles Ἡρακλῆς

Euripides, Heracles 1–59: Prologue: Amphitryon explains the plight of Heracles' family

Amphitryon, who shared a wife with Zeus and is the father of Heracles, tells how he came to Thebes, where Creon gave his daughter Megara to Heracles. He says that Heracles has gone to Hades to bring back the hound of hell, and that in his absence Lycus has killed Creon and seized power, and that he now threatens to kill Megara, her sons and Amphitryon, who sit as suppliants at the altar of Zeus the Saviour.

Lines 1–59 · 559 words · click a number to copy its link

Amphitryon

1Τίς τὸν Διὸς σύλλεκτρον οὐκ οἶδεν βροτῶν, Ἀργεῖον Ἀμφιτρύωνʼ, ὃν Ἀλκαῖός ποτε ἔτιχθʼ ὁ Περσέως, πατέρα τόνδʼ Ἡρακλέους; ὃς τάσδε Θήβας ἔσχον, ἔνθʼ ὁ γηγενὴς 5σπαρτῶν στάχυς ἔβλαστεν, ὧν γένους Ἄρης ἔσωσʼ ἀριθμὸν ὀλίγον, οἳ Κάδμου πόλιν τεκνοῦσι παίδων παισίν. ἔνθεν ἐξέφυ Κρέων Μενοικέως παῖς, ἄναξ τῆσδε χθονός. Κρέων δὲ Μεγάρας τῆσδε γίγνεται πατήρ, 10ἣν πάντες ὑμεναίοισι Καδμεῖοί ποτε λωτῷ συνηλάλαξαν, ἡνίκʼ εἰς ἐμοὺς δόμους ὁ κλεινὸς Ἡρακλῆς νιν ἤγετο. λιπὼν δὲ Θήβας, οὗ κατῳκίσθην ἐγώ, Μεγάραν τε τήνδε πενθερούς τε παῖς ἐμὸς 15Ἀργεῖα τείχη καὶ Κυκλωπίαν πόλιν ὠρέξατʼ οἰκεῖν, ἣν ἐγὼ φεύγω κτανὼν Ἠλεκτρύωνα· συμφορὰς δὲ τὰς ἐμὰς ἐξευμαρίζων καὶ πάτραν οἰκεῖν θέλων, καθόδου δίδωσι μισθὸν Εὐρυσθεῖ μέγαν, 20ἐξημερῶσαι γαῖαν, εἴθʼ Ἥρας ὕπο κέντροις δαμασθεὶς εἴτε τοῦ χρεὼν μέτα. καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ἐξεμόχθησεν πόνους, τὸ λοίσθιον δὲ Ταινάρου διὰ στόμα βέβηκʼ ἐς Ἅιδου, τὸν τρισώματον κύνα 25ἐς φῶς ἀνάξων, ἔνθεν οὐχ ἥκει πάλιν. γέρων δὲ δή τις ἔστι Καδμείων λόγος ὡς ἦν πάρος Δίρκης τις εὐνήτωρ Λύκος τὴν ἑπτάπυργον τήνδε δεσπόζων πόλιν, τὼ λευκοπώλω πρὶν τυραννῆσαι χθονὸς 30Ἀμφίονʼ ἠδὲ Ζῆθον, ἐκγόνω Διός. οὗ ταὐτὸν ὄνομα παῖς πατρὸς κεκλημένος, Καδμεῖος οὐκ ὤν, ἀλλʼ ἀπʼ Εὐβοίας μολών, κτείνει Κρέοντα καὶ κτανὼν ἄρχει χθονός, στάσει νοσοῦσαν τήνδʼ ἐπεσπεσὼν πόλιν. 35ἡμῖν δὲ κῆδος ἐς Κρέοντʼ ἀνημμένον κακὸν μέγιστον, ὡς ἔοικε, γίγνεται. τοὐμοῦ γὰρ ὄντος παιδὸς ἐν μυχοῖς χθονὸς ὁ καινὸς οὗτος τῆσδε γῆς ἄρχων Λύκος τοὺς Ἡρακλείους παῖδας ἐξελεῖν θέλει 40κτανὼν δάμαρτά θʼ, ὡς φόνῳ σβέσῃ φόνον, κἄμʼ — εἴ τι δὴ χρὴ κἄμʼ ἐν ἀνδράσιν λέγειν γέροντʼ ἀχρεῖον — μή ποθʼ οἵδʼ ἠνδρωμένοι μήτρωσιν ἐκπράξωσιν αἵματος δίκην. ἐγὼ δέ — λείπει γάρ με τοῖσδʼ ἐν δώμασιν 45τροφὸν τέκνων οἰκουρόν, ἡνίκα χθονὸς μέλαιναν ὄρφνην εἰσέβαινε, παῖς ἐμός — σὺν μητρί, τέκνα μὴ θάνωσʼ Ἡρακλέους, βωμὸν καθίζω τόνδε σωτῆρος Διός, ὃν καλλινίκου δορὸς ἄγαλμʼ ἱδρύσατο 50Μινύας κρατήσας οὑμὸς εὐγενὴς τόκος. πάντων δὲ χρεῖοι τάσδʼ ἕδρας φυλάσσομεν, σίτων ποτῶν ἐσθῆτος, ἀστρώτῳ πέδῳ πλευρὰς τιθέντες· ἐκ γὰρ ἐσφραγισμένοι δόμων καθήμεθʼ ἀπορίᾳ σωτηρίας. 55φίλων δὲ τοὺς μὲν οὐ σαφεῖς ὁρῶ φίλους, οἳ δʼ ὄντες ὀρθῶς ἀδύνατοι προσωφελεῖν. τοιοῦτον ἀνθρώποισιν ἡ δυσπραξία· ἧς μήποθʼ ὅστις καὶ μέσως εὔνους ἐμοὶ τύχοι, φίλων ἔλεγχον ἀψευδέστατον.

What mortal has not heard of the one who shared a wife with Zeus, Amphitryon of Argos, whom once Alcaeus, son of Perseus, begot, Amphitryon the father of Heracles? Who lived here in Thebes, where from the sowing of the dragon’s teeth grew up a crop of earth-born giants; and of these Ares saved a scanty band, and their children’s children people the city of Cadmus. Hence sprung Creon, son of Menoeceus, king of this land; and Creon became the father of this lady Megara, whom once all Cadmus’ race escorted with the glad music of lutes at her wedding, when the famous Heracles led her to my halls. Now he, my son, left Thebes where I was settled, left his wife Megara and her kin, eager to make his home in Argolis, in that walled town which the Cyclopes built, from which I am exiled for the slaying of Electryon; so he, wishing to lighten my affliction and to find a home in his own land, offered Eurystheus a mighty price for my recall: to free the world of savage monsters, whether it was that Hera goaded him to submit to this, or that fate was leagued against him. Other toils he has accomplished, and last of all has he passed through the mouth of Taenarus into the halls of Hades to drag to the light that hound with three bodies, and from there he has never returned. Now there is an ancient legend among the race of Cadmus that a certain Lycus in days gone by was husband to Dirce, and he was king of this city with its seven towers, before Amphion and Zethus, sons of Zeus, lords of the milk-white steeds, became rulers in the land. His son, called by the same name as his father, although no Theban but a stranger from Euboea, slew Creon, and after that seized the government, having fallen on this city when weakened by dissension. So this family connection with Creon is likely to prove to us a serious evil; for now that my son is in the bowels of the earth, this new monarch Lycus is bent on extirpating the children of Heracles, to quench one bloody feud with another, likewise his wife and me, if useless age like mine is to rank among men, that the boys may never grow up to exact a blood-penalty of their uncle’s family. So I, left here by my son, while he is gone into the pitchy darkness of the earth, to tend and guard his children in his house, am taking my place with their mother, that the race of Heracles may not perish, here at the altar of Zeus the Savior, which my own gallant child set up to commemorate his glorious victory over the Minyae. And here we are careful to keep our station, though in need of everything, of food, drink and clothes, huddled together on the hard bare ground; for we are barred out from our house and sit here for want of any other safety. As for friends, some I see are unreliable; while others, who are staunch, have no power to help us further. This is what misfortune means to man; may it never fall to the lot of any who bears the least goodwill to me, to apply this never-failing test of friendship!

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.