Euripides · Heracles Ἡρακλῆς

Euripides, Heracles 822–873: Fourth episode: Iris and Madness send Heracles mad

Iris tells the old men not to fear, for she is the handmaid of the gods and the figure with her is Madness, daughter of Night, who has been sent by Hera against Heracles. Madness says that she was born of noble parents and does not wish to use her powers against a friend, but, forced by Iris, she says she will serve Hera and drive him mad, and steals into the house.

Lines 822–873 · 570 words · click a number to copy its link
Ἶρις 822θαρσεῖτε Νυκτὸς τήνδʼ ὁρῶντες ἔκγονον Λύσσαν, γέροντες, κἀμὲ τὴν θεῶν λάτριν Ἶριν· πόλει γὰρ οὐδὲν ἥκομεν βλάβος, 825ἑνὸς δʼ ἐπʼ ἀνδρὸς σῶμα συστρατεύομεν, ὅν φασιν εἶναι Ζηνὸς Ἀλκμήνης τʼ ἄπο. πρὶν μὲν γὰρ ἄθλους ἐκτελευτῆσαι πικρούς, τὸ χρή νιν ἐξέσῳζεν, οὐδʼ εἴα πατὴρ Ζεύς νιν κακῶς δρᾶν οὔτʼ ἔμʼ οὔθʼ Ἥραν ποτέ· 830ἐπεὶ δὲ μόχθους διεπέρασʼ Εὐρυσθέως, Ἥρα προσάψαι καινὸν αἷμʼ αὐτῷ θέλει παῖδας κατακτείναντι, συνθέλω δʼ ἐγώ. ἀλλʼ εἶʼ, ἄτεγκτον συλλαβοῦσα καρδίαν, Νυκτὸς κελαινῆς ἀνυμέναιε παρθένε, 835μανίας τʼ ἐπʼ ἀνδρὶ τῷδε καὶ παιδοκτόνους φρενῶν ταραγμοὺς καὶ ποδῶν σκιρτήματα ἔλαυνε, κίνει, φόνιον ἐξίει κάλων, ὡς ἂν πορεύσας διʼ Ἀχερούσιον πόρον τὸν καλλίπαιδα στέφανον αὐθέντῃ φόνῳ 840γνῷ μὲν τὸν Ἥρας οἷός ἐστʼ αὐτῷ χόλος, μάθῃ δὲ τὸν ἐμόν· ἢ θεοὶ μὲν οὐδαμοῦ, τὰ θνητὰ δʼ ἔσται μεγάλα, μὴ δόντος δίκην. Λύσσα ἐξ εὐγενοῦς μὲν πατρὸς ἔκ τε μητέρος πέφυκα, Νυκτὸς Οὐρανοῦ τʼ ἀφʼ αἵματος· 845τιμάς τʼ ἔχω τάσδʼ οὐκ ἀγασθῆναι φίλοις οὐδʼ ἥδομαι φοιτῶσʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπων φίλους, παραινέσαι δέ, πρὶν σφαλεῖσαν εἰσιδεῖν, Ἥρᾳ θέλω σοί τʼ, ἢν πίθησθʼ ἐμοῖς λόγοις. ἀνὴρ ὅδʼ οὐκ ἄσημος οὔτʼ ἐπὶ χθονὶ 850οὔτʼ ἐν θεοῖσιν, οὗ σύ μʼ ἐσπέμπεις δόμους· ἄβατον δὲ χώραν καὶ θάλασσαν ἀγρίαν ἐξημερώσας, θεῶν ἀνέστησεν μόνος τιμὰς πιτνούσας ἀνοσίων ἀνδρῶν ὕπο· […] σοί τʼ οὐ παραινῶ μεγάλα βούλεσθαι κακά. Ἶρις 855μὴ σὺ νουθέτει τά θʼ Ἥρας κἀμὰ μηχανήματα. Λύσσα ἐς τὸ λῷον ἐμβιβάζω σʼ ἴχνος ἀντὶ τοῦ κακοῦ. Ἶρις οὐχὶ σωφρονεῖν γʼ ἔπεμψε δεῦρό σʼ ἡ Διὸς δάμαρ. Λύσσα Ἥλιον μαρτυρόμεσθα δρῶσʼ ἃ δρᾶν οὐ βούλομαι. εἰ δὲ δή μʼ Ἥρᾳ θʼ ὑπουργεῖν σοί τʼ ἀναγκαίως ἔχει 860τάχος ἐπιρροίβδην θʼ ὁμαρτεῖν ὡς κυνηγέτῃ κύνας, εἶμί γʼ· οὔτε πόντος οὕτως κύμασιν στένων λάβρως οὔτε γῆς σεισμὸς κεραυνοῦ τʼ οἶστρος ὠδῖνας πνέων, οἷʼ ἐγὼ στάδια δραμοῦμαι στέρνον εἰς Ἡρακλέους· καὶ καταρρήξω μέλαθρα καὶ δόμους ἐπεμβαλῶ, 865τέκνʼ ἀποκτείνασα πρῶτον· ὁ δὲ κανὼν οὐκ εἴσεται παῖδας οὓς ἔτικτʼ ἐναίρων, πρὶν ἂν ἐμὰς λύσσας ἀφῇ. ἢν ἰδού· καὶ δὴ τινάσσει κρᾶτα βαλβίδων ἄπο καὶ διαστρόφους ἑλίσσει σῖγα γοργωποὺς κόρας. ἀμπνοὰς δʼ οὐ σωφρονίζει, ταῦρος ὣς ἐς ἐμβολὴν 870δεινός· μυκᾶται δὲ Κῆρας ἀνακαλῶν τὰς Ταρτάρου. τάχα σʼ ἐγὼ μᾶλλον χορεύσω καὶ καταυλήσω φόβῳ. στεῖχʼ ἐς Οὔλυμπον πεδαίρουσʼ, Ἶρι, γενναῖον πόδα· ἐς δόμους δʼ ἡμεῖς ἄφαντοι δυσόμεσθʼ Ἡρακλέους.

Iris Courage, old men! she, whom you see, is Madness, daughter of Night, and I am Iris, the handmaid of the gods. We have not come to do your city any hurt, but our warfare is against the house of one man only, against him whom they call the son of Zeus and Alcmena. For until he had finished all his grievous labors, Destiny was preserving him, nor would father Zeus ever suffer me or Hera to harm him. But now that he has accomplished the labors of Eurystheus, Hera wishes to brand him with the guilt of shedding kindred blood by slaying his own children, and I wish it also. Come then, unwed maid, child of black Night, harden your heart relentlessly, send forth frenzy upon this man, confound his mind even to the slaying of his children, drive him, goad him wildly on his mad career, shake out the sails of death, that when he has conveyed over Acheron’s ferry that fair group of children by his own murderous hand, he may learn to know how fiercely against him the wrath of Hera burns and may also experience mine; otherwise, if he should escape punishment, the gods will become as nothing, while man’s power will grow.

Madness Of noble parents was I born, the daughter of Night, sprung from the blood of Ouranos; and these prerogatives I hold, not to use them in anger against friends, nor do I have any joy in visiting the homes of men; and I wish to counsel Hera, before I see her make a mistake, and you too, if you will hearken to my words. This man, against whose house you are sending me, has made himself a name alike in heaven and earth; for, after taming pathless wilds and raging sea, he by his single might raised up again the honors of the gods when sinking before man’s impiety; . . . wherefore I counsel you, do not wish him dire mishaps.

Iris Spare us your advice on Hera’s and my schemes.

Madness I seek to turn your steps into the best path instead of into this one of evil.

Iris It was not to practice self-control that the wife of Zeus sent you here.

Madness I call the sun-god to witness that here I am acting against my will; but if indeed I must at once serve you and Hera and follow you in full cry as hounds follow the huntsman, then I will go; neither ocean with its fiercely groaning waves, nor the earthquake, nor the thunderbolt with blast of agony shall be like the headlong rush I will make into the breast of Heracles; through his roof will I burst my way and swoop upon his house, after first slaying his children; nor shall their murderer know that he is killing the children he begot, till he is released from my madness. Behold him! see how even now he is wildly tossing his head at the outset, and rolling his eyes fiercely from side to side without a word; nor can he control his panting breath, like a fearful bull in act to charge; he bellows, calling on the goddesses of nether hell. Soon will I rouse you to yet wilder dancing and pipe a note of terror in your ear. Soar away, O Iris, to Olympus on your honored course; while I unseen will steal into the halls of Heracles.

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English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.