Euripides · Heracles Ἡρακλῆς

Euripides, Heracles 170–237: First episode: Amphitryon defends Heracles against Lycus

Amphitryon says that Zeus will defend his own share in his son, but that he will prove Lycus' ignorance. He says that Heracles is called a coward for fighting with the bow, and asks Lycus to go to Pholoe and ask the Centaurs who the bravest of men is. He argues that the man who fights in line is a slave to his weapons, while the archer harms the enemy and keeps safe himself, and he reproaches the land of Cadmus for failing to defend Heracles' children.

Lines 170–237 · 647 words · click a number to copy its link
Ἀμφιτρύων 170τῷ τοῦ Διὸς μὲν Ζεὺς ἀμυνέτω μέρει παιδός· τὸ δʼ εἰς ἔμʼ, Ἡράκλεις, ἐμοὶ μέλει λόγοισι τὴν τοῦδʼ ἀμαθίαν ὑπὲρ σέθεν δεῖξαι· κακῶς γάρ σʼ οὐκ ἐατέον κλύειν. πρῶτον μὲν οὖν τἄρρητʼ — ἐν ἀρρήτοισι γὰρ 175τὴν σὴν νομίζω δειλίαν, Ἡράκλεες — σὺν μάρτυσιν θεοῖς δεῖ μʼ ἀπαλλάξαι σέθεν. Διὸς κεραυνόν τʼ ἠρόμην τέθριππά τε, ἐν οἷς βεβηκὼς τοῖσι γῆς βλαστήμασιν Γίγασι πλευροῖς πτήνʼ ἐναρμόσας βέλη 180τὸν καλλίνικον μετὰ θεῶν ἐκώμασεν· τετρασκελές θʼ ὕβρισμα, Κενταύρων γένος, Φολόην ἐπελθών, ὦ κάκιστε βασιλέων, ἐροῦ τίνʼ ἄνδρʼ ἄριστον ἐγκρίνειαν ἄν, ἢ οὐ παῖδα τὸν ἐμόν, ὃν σὺ φῂς εἶναι δοκεῖν. 185Δίρφυν τʼ ἐρωτῶν ἥ σʼ ἔθρεψʼ Ἀβαντίδα […] οὐκ ἄν σʼ ἐπαινέσειεν· οὐ γὰρ ἔσθʼ ὅπου ἐσθλόν τι δράσας μάρτυρʼ ἂν λάβοις πάτραν. τὸ πάνσοφον δʼ εὕρημα, τοξήρη σαγήν, μέμφῃ· κλύων νῦν τἀπʼ ἐμοῦ σοφὸς γενοῦ. 190ἀνὴρ ὁπλίτης δοῦλός ἐστι τῶν ὅπλων καὶ τοῖσι συνταχθεῖσιν οὖσι μὴ ἀγαθοῖς αὐτὸς τέθνηκε δειλίᾳ τῇ τῶν πέλας, θραύσας τε λόγχην οὐκ ἔχει τῷ σώματι θάνατον ἀμῦναι, μίαν ἔχων ἀλκὴν μόνον· 195ὅσοι δὲ τόξοις χεῖρʼ ἔχουσιν εὔστοχον, ἓν μὲν τὸ λῷστον, μυρίους οἰστοὺς ἀφεὶς ἄλλοις τὸ σῶμα ῥύεται μὴ κατθανεῖν, ἑκὰς δʼ ἀφεστὼς πολεμίους ἀμύνεται τυφλοῖς ὁρῶντας οὐτάσας τοξεύμασιν 200τὸ σῶμά τʼ οὐ δίδωσι τοῖς ἐναντίοις, ἐν εὐφυλάκτῳ δʼ ἐστί· τοῦτο δʼ ἐν μάχῃ σοφὸν μάλιστα, δρῶντα πολεμίους κακῶς σῴζειν τὸ σῶμα, μὴ ʼκ τύχης ὡρμισμένον. λόγοι μὲν οἵδε τοῖσι σοῖς ἐναντίαν 205γνώμην ἔχουσι τῶν καθεστώτων πέρι. παῖδας δὲ δὴ τί τούσδʼ ἀποκτεῖναι θέλεις; τί σʼ οἵδʼ ἔδρασαν; ἕν τί σʼ ἡγοῦμαι σοφόν, εἰ τῶν ἀρίστων τἄκγονʼ αὐτὸς ὢν κακὸς δέδοικας. ἀλλὰ τοῦθʼ ὅμως ἡμῖν βαρύ, 210εἰ δειλίας σῆς κατθανούμεθʼ εἵνεκα, ὃ χρῆν σʼ ὑφʼ ἡμῶν τῶν ἀμεινόνων παθεῖν, εἰ Ζεὺς δικαίας εἶχεν εἰς ἡμᾶς φρένας. εἰ δʼ οὖν ἔχειν γῆς σκῆπτρα τῆσδʼ αὐτὸς θέλεις, ἔασον ἡμᾶς φυγάδας ἐξελθεῖν χθονός· 215βίᾳ δὲ δράσῃς μηδέν, ἢ πείσῃ βίαν, ὅταν θεοῦ σοι πνεῦμα μεταβαλὸν τύχῃ. φεῦ· ὦ γαῖα Κάδμου· καὶ γὰρ ἐς σὲ ἀφίξομαι λόγους ὀνειδιστῆρας ἐνδατούμενος· τοιαῦτʼ ἀμύνεθʼ Ἡρακλεῖ τέκνοισί τε; 220ὃς εἷς Μινύαισι πᾶσι διὰ μάχης μολὼν Θήβαις ἔθηκεν ὄμμʼ ἐλεύθερον βλέπειν. οὐδʼ Ἑλλάδʼ ᾔνεσʼ — οὐδʼ ἀνέξομαί ποτε σιγῶν — κακίστην λαμβάνων ἐς παῖδʼ ἐμόν, ἣν χρῆν νεοσσοῖς τοῖσδε πῦρ λόγχας ὅπλα 225φέρουσαν ἐλθεῖν, ποντίων καθαρμάτων χέρσου τʼ ἀμοιβάς — ὧν ἐμόχθησας χάριν. τὰ δʼ, ὦ τέκνʼ, ὑμῖν οὔτε Θηβαίων πόλις οὔθʼ Ἑλλὰς ἀρκεῖ· πρὸς δʼ ἔμʼ ἀσθενῆ φίλον δεδόρκατʼ, οὐδὲν ὄντα πλὴν γλώσσης ψόφον. 230ῥώμη γὰρ ἐκλέλοιπεν ἣν πρὶν εἴχομεν, γήρᾳ δὲ τρομερὰ γυῖα κἀμαυρὸν σθένος. εἰ δʼ ἦ νέος τε κἄτι σώματος κρατῶν, λαβὼν ἂν ἔγχος τοῦδε τοὺς ξανθοὺς πλόκους καθῃμάτωσʼ ἄν, ὥστʼ Ἀτλαντικῶν πέραν 235φεύγειν ὅρων ἂν δειλίᾳ τοὐμὸν δόρυ. Χορός ἆρʼ οὐκ ἀφορμὰς τοῖς λόγοισιν ἁγαθοὶ θνητῶν ἔχουσι, κἂν βραδύς τις ᾖ λέγειν;

Amphitryon Let Zeus defend his own share in his son; but as for me, Heracles, it is my concern on your behalf to prove by what I say this tyrant’s ignorance; for I cannot allow you to be ill spoken of. First then for that which should never have been said—for to speak of you, Heracles, as a coward is, I think, outside the pale of speech—of that must I clear you with heaven to witness. I appeal then to the thunder of Zeus, and the chariot in which he rode, when he pierced the Giants, earth’s brood, to the heart with his winged shafts, and with gods uplifted the glorious triumph song; or go to Pholoe and ask the insolent tribe of four-legged Centaurs, you craven king, ask them who they would judge the bravest of men; will they not say my son, who according to you is but a pretender? Were you to ask Euboean Dirphys, your native place, it would not sing your praise, for you have never done a single gallant deed to which your country can witness. Next you disparage that clever invention, an archer’s weapon; come, listen to me and learn wisdom. A man who fights in line is a slave to his weapons, and if his fellow-comrades want for courage he is slain himself through the cowardice of his neighbors, or, if he breaks his spear, he cannot defend his body from death, having only one means of defence; whereas all who are armed with the trusty bow, though they have but one weapon, yet is it the best; for a man, after discharging countless arrows, still has others with which to defend himself from death, and standing at a distance keeps off the enemy, wounding them for all their watchfulness with invisible shafts, and never exposing himself to the foe, but keeping under cover; and this is by far the wisest course in battle, to harm the enemy and keep safe oneself, independent of chance. These arguments completely contradict yours with regard to the matter at issue. Next, why are you desirous of slaying these children? What have they done to you? One piece of wisdom I credit you with, your coward terror of a brave man’s descendants. Still it is hard on us, if for your cowardice we must die; a fate that ought to have overtaken you at our braver hands, if Zeus had been fairly disposed towards us. But, if you are so anxious to make yourself supreme in the land, let us go into exile; abstain from all violence, else you will suffer by it whenever the god causes fortune’s breeze to veer round. Ah! you land of Cadmus—for to you too will I turn, distributing my words of reproach—is this your defense of Heracles and his children? the man who faced alone all the Minyans in battle and allowed Thebes to see the light with free eyes. I cannot praise Hellas, nor will I ever keep silence, finding her so craven as regards my son; she should have come with fire and sword and warrior’s arms to help these tender chicks, to requite him for all his labors in purging land and sea. Such help, my children, neither Hellas nor the city of Thebes affords you; to me a feeble friend you look, and I am empty sound and nothing more. For the vigor which once I had, has gone from me; my limbs are palsied with age, and my strength is decayed. If I were young and still powerful in body, I would have seized my spear and dabbled those flaxen locks of his with blood, so that the coward would now be flying from my spear beyond the bounds of Atlas.

Chorus Leader Have not the brave among mankind a fair occasion for speech, although slow to begin?

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Heracles 170–237: Amphitryon defends Heracles against Lycus