Euripides · Heracles Ἡρακλῆς

Euripides, Heracles 1255–1312: Exodos: Heracles' case against going on living

Heracles tells Theseus that life for him has always been full of woe, and that he will set out his case, from the birth of a child of Zeus whom Hera hated, through the labours to the murder of his children. He says that it is right that he should die, since, if Hera has destroyed Hellas' benefactor, there is no use in life, and no friend can help him.

Lines 1255–1312 · 548 words · click a number to copy its link
Ἡρακλῆς 1255ἄκουε δή νυν, ὡς ἁμιλληθῶ λόγοις πρὸς νουθετήσεις σάς· ἀναπτύξω δέ σοι ἀβίωτον ἡμῖν νῦν τε καὶ πάροιθεν ὄν. πρῶτον μὲν ἐκ τοῦδʼ ἐγενόμην, ὅστις κτανὼν μητρὸς γεραιὸν πατέρα προστρόπαιος ὢν 1260ἔγημε τὴν τεκοῦσαν Ἀλκμήνην ἐμέ. ὅταν δὲ κρηπὶς μὴ καταβληθῇ γένους ὀρθῶς, ἀνάγκη δυστυχεῖν τοὺς ἐκγόνους. Ζεὺς δʼ — ὅστις ὁ Ζεύς — πολέμιόν μʼ ἐγείνατο Ἥρᾳ — σὺ μέντοι μηδὲν ἀχθεσθῇς, γέρον· 1265πατέρα γὰρ ἀντὶ Ζηνὸς ἡγοῦμαι σὲ ἐγώ· ἔτʼ ἐν γάλακτί τʼ ὄντι γοργωποὺς ὄφεις ἐπεισέφρησε σπαργάνοισι τοῖς ἐμοῖς ἡ τοῦ Διὸς σύλλεκτρος, ὡς ὀλοίμεθα. ἐπεὶ δὲ σαρκὸς περιβόλαιʼ ἐκτησάμην 1270ἡβῶντα, μόχθους οὓς ἔτλην τί δεῖ λέγειν; ποίους ποτʼ ἢ λέοντας ἢ τρισωμάτους Τυφῶνας ἢ Γίγαντας ἢ τετρασκελῆ κενταυροπληθῆ πόλεμον οὐκ ἐξήνυσα; τήν τʼ ἀμφίκρανον καὶ παλιμβλαστῆ κύνα 1275ὕδραν φονεύσας μυρίων τʼ ἄλλων πόνων διῆλθον ἀγέλας κἀς νεκροὺς ἀφικόμην, Ἅιδου πυλωρὸν κύνα τρίκρανον ἐς φάος ὅπως πορεύσαιμʼ ἐντολαῖς Εὐρυσθέως. τὸν λοίσθιον δὲ τόνδʼ ἔτλην τάλας πόνον, 1280παιδοκτονήσας δῶμα θριγκῶσαι κακοῖς. ἥκω δʼ ἀνάγκης ἐς τόδʼ· οὔτʼ ἐμαῖς φίλαις Θήβαις ἐνοικεῖν ὅσιον· ἢν δὲ καὶ μένω, ἐς ποῖον ἱερὸν ἢ πανήγυριν φίλων εἶμʼ; οὐ γὰρ ἄτας εὐπροσηγόρους ἔχω. 1285ἀλλʼ Ἄργος ἔλθω; πῶς, ἐπεὶ φεύγω πάτραν; φέρʼ ἀλλʼ ἐς ἄλλην δή τινʼ ὁρμήσω πόλιν; κἄπειθʼ ὑποβλεπώμεθʼ ὡς ἐγνωσμένοι, γλώσσης πικροῖς κέντροισι κλῃδουχούμενοι· Οὐχ οὗτος ὁ Διός, ὃς τέκνʼ ἔκτεινέν ποτε 1290δάμαρτά τʼ; οὐ γῆς τῆσδʼ ἀποφθαρήσεται; κεκλημένῳ δὲ φωτὶ μακαρίῳ ποτὲ αἱ μεταβολαὶ λυπηρόν· ᾧ δʼ ἀεὶ κακῶς ἔστʼ, οὐδὲν ἀλγεῖ συγγενῶς δύστηνος ὤν. ἐς τοῦτο δʼ ἥξειν συμφορᾶς οἶμαί ποτε· 1295φωνὴν γὰρ ἥσει χθὼν ἀπεννέπουσά με μὴ θιγγάνειν γῆς καὶ θάλασσα μὴ περᾶν πηγαί τε ποταμῶν, καὶ τὸν ἁρματήλατον Ἰξίονʼ ἐν δεσμοῖσιν ἐκμιμήσομαι. καὶ ταῦτʼ ἄριστα μηδένʼ Ἑλλήνων μʼ ὁρᾶν, 1300ἐν οἷσιν εὐτυχοῦντες ἦμεν ὄλβιοι. τί δῆτά με ζῆν δεῖ; τί κέρδος ἕξομεν βίον γʼ ἀχρεῖον ἀνόσιον κεκτημένοι; χορευέτω δὴ Ζηνὸς ἡ κλεινὴ δάμαρ κρόουσʼ Ὀλυμπίου Ζηνὸς ἀρβύλῃ πόδα. 1305ἔπραξε γὰρ βούλησιν ἣν ἐβούλετο, ἄνδρʼ Ἑλλάδος τὸν πρῶτον αὐτοῖσιν βάθροις ἄνω κάτω στρέψασα. — τοιαύτῃ θεῷ τίς ἂν προσεύχοιθʼ; ἣ γυναικὸς οὕνεκα λέκτρων φθονοῦσα Ζηνὶ τοὺς εὐεργέτας 1310Ἑλλάδος ἀπώλεσʼ οὐδὲν ὄντας αἰτίους. Χορός οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλου δαιμόνων ἀγὼν ὅδε ἢ τῆς Διὸς δάμαρτος· εὖ τόδʼ αἰσθάνῃ.

Heracles Hear me a moment, that I may enter the contest with arguments in answer to your admonitions; and I will unfold to you why life now as well as formerly has been unbearable to me. First I am the son of a man who incurred the guilt of blood, before he married my mother Alcmena, by slaying her aged father. Now when the foundation is badly laid at birth, it is necessary for the race to be cursed with woe; and Zeus, whoever this Zeus may be, begot me as an enemy to Hera; yet do not be vexed, old man; for you rather than Zeus I regard as my father. Then while I was being suckled, that bedfellow of Zeus foisted into my cradle fearsome snakes to cause my death. After I took on a cloak of youthful flesh, of all the toils I then endured what need to tell? what did I not destroy, whether lions, or triple-bodied Typhons, or giants or the battle against the hosts of four-legged Centaurs? or how when I had killed the hydra, that monster with a ring of heads with power to grow again, I passed through a herd of countless other toils besides and came to the dead to fetch to the light at the bidding of Eurystheus the three-headed hound, hell’s porter. Last, ah, woe is me! I have dared this labor, to crown the sorrows of my house with my children’s murder. I have come to this point of necessity; no longer may I dwell in Thebes, the city that I love; for suppose I stay, to what temple or gathering of friends shall I go? For mine is no curse that invites greetings. Shall I go to Argos? how can I, when I am an exile from my country? Well, is there a single other city I can rush to? Am I then to be looked at askance as a marked man, held by cruel stabbing tongues: Is not this the son of Zeus that once murdered children and wife? Plague take him from the land! Now to one who was once called happy, such changes are a grievous thing; though he who is always unfortunate feels no such pain, for sorrow is his birthright. This, I think, is the piteous pass I shall one day come to; for earth will cry out forbidding me to touch her, the sea and the river-springs will refuse me a crossing, and I shall become like Ixion who revolves in chains upon that wheel. And so this is best, that I should be seen by no one of the Hellenes, among whom in happier days I lived in bliss. What right have I to live? what profit can I have in the possession of a useless, impious life? So let that noble wife of Zeus dance, beating her foot in its shoe; for now has she worked her heart’s desire in utterly confounding the first of Hellas’ sons. Who would pray to such a goddess? Her jealousy of Zeus for his love of a woman has destroyed the benefactors of Hellas, guiltless though they were.

Chorus Leader This is the work of none other of the gods than the wife of Zeus; you are right in that surmise.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.