Euripides · Heracles Ἡρακλῆς

Euripides, Heracles 275–347: First episode: Megara and Amphitryon accept death; the robes of the dead

Megara thanks the old men, but tells them not to anger the king on their account, saying that what must be, no one will avoid. Amphitryon says that it is not cowardice that keeps him from dying, but his wish to save his son's children, though he may be longing for the impossible, and he tells Lycus that he may do as he likes. Megara asks for one more favour, that she may dress her children in the robes of the dead, and Lycus agrees, saying that he will come back to consign them to the world below, while Amphitryon reproaches Zeus for being less of a friend than a mortal.

Lines 275–347 · 750 words · click a number to copy its link
Μεγάρα 275γέροντες, αἰνῶ· τῶν φίλων γὰρ οὕνεκα ὀργὰς δικαίας τοὺς φίλους ἔχειν χρεών· ἡμῶν δʼ ἕκατι δεσπόταις θυμούμενοι πάθητε μηδέν. τῆς δʼ ἐμῆς, Ἀμφιτρύων, γνώμης ἄκουσον, ἤν τί σοι δοκῶ λέγειν. 280ἐγὼ φιλῶ μὲν τέκνα· πῶς γὰρ οὐ φιλῶ ἅτικτον, ἁμόχθησα; καὶ τὸ κατθανεῖν δεινὸν νομίζω· τῷ δʼ ἀναγκαίῳ τρόπῳ ὃς ἀντιτείνει σκαιὸν ἡγοῦμαι βροτόν. ἡμᾶς δʼ, ἐπειδὴ δεῖ θανεῖν, θνῄσκειν χρεὼν 285μὴ πυρὶ καταξανθέντας, ἐχθροῖσιν γέλων διδόντας, οὑμοὶ τοῦ θανεῖν μεῖζον κακόν. ὀφείλομεν γὰρ πολλὰ δώμασιν καλά· σὲ μὲν δόκησις ἔλαβεν εὐκλεὴς δορός, ὥστʼ οὐκ ἀνεκτὸν δειλίας θανεῖν σʼ ὕπο· 290οὑμὸς δʼ ἀμαρτύρητος εὐκλεὴς πόσις, ὡς τούσδε παῖδας οὐκ ἂν ἐκσῶσαι θέλοι δόξαν κακὴν λαβόντας· οἱ γὰρ εὐγενεῖς κάμνουσι τοῖς αἰσχροῖσι τῶν τέκνων ὕπερ, ἐμοί τε μίμημʼ ἀνδρὸς οὐκ ἀπωστέον. 295σκέψαι δὲ τὴν σὴν ἐλπίδʼ ᾗ λογίζομαι· ἥξειν νομίζεις παῖδα σὸν γαίας ὕπο; καὶ τίς θανόντων ἦλθεν ἐξ Ἅιδου πάλιν; ἀλλʼ ὡς λόγοισι τόνδε μαλθάξαιμεν ἄν; ἥκιστα· φεύγειν σκαιὸν ἄνδρʼ ἐχθρὸν χρεών, 300σοφοῖσι δʼ εἴκειν καὶ τεθραμμένοις καλῶς· ῥᾷον γὰρ αἰδοῦς ὑπολαβὼν φίλʼ ἂν τέμοις. ἤδη δʼ ἐσῆλθέ μʼ εἰ παραιτησαίμεθα φυγὰς τέκνων τῶνδʼ· ἀλλὰ καὶ τόδʼ ἄθλιον, πενίᾳ σὺν οἰκτρᾷ περιβαλεῖν σωτηρίαν· 305ὡς τὰ ξένων πρόσωπα φεύγουσιν φίλοις ἓν ἦμαρ ἡδὺ βλέμμʼ ἔχειν φασὶν μόνον. τόλμα μεθʼ ἡμῶν θάνατον, ὃς μένει σʼ ὅμως. προκαλούμεθʼ εὐγένειαν, ὦ γέρον, σέθεν· τὰς τῶν θεῶν γὰρ ὅστις ἐκμοχθεῖ τύχας, 310πρόθυμός ἐστιν, ἡ προθυμία δʼ ἄφρων· ὃ χρὴ γὰρ οὐδεὶς μὴ χρεὼν θήσει ποτέ. Χορός εἰ μὲν σθενόντων τῶν ἐμῶν βραχιόνων ἦν τίς σʼ ὑβρίζων, ῥᾳδίως ἐπαύσατʼ ἄν· νῦν δʼ οὐδέν ἐσμεν. σὸν δὲ τοὐντεῦθεν σκοπεῖν 315ὅπως διώσῃ τὰς τύχας, Ἀμφιτρύων. Ἀμφιτρύων οὔτοι τὸ δειλὸν οὐδὲ τοῦ βίου πόθος θανεῖν ἐρύκει μʼ, ἀλλὰ παιδὶ βούλομαι σῷσαι τέκνʼ· ἄλλως δʼ ἀδυνάτων ἔοικʼ ἐρᾶν. ἰδοὺ πάρεστιν ἥδε φασγάνῳ δέρη 320κεντεῖν φονεύειν, ἱέναι πέτρας ἄπο. μίαν δὲ νῷν δὸς χάριν, ἄναξ, ἱκνούμεθα· κτεῖνόν με καὶ τήνδʼ ἀθλίαν παίδων πάρος, ὡς μὴ τέκνʼ εἰσίδωμεν, ἀνόσιον θέαν, ψυχορραγοῦντα καὶ καλοῦντα μητέρα 325πατρός τε πατέρα. τἄλλα δʼ, εἰ πρόθυμος εἶ, πρᾶσσʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἀλκὴν ἔχομεν ὥστε μὴ θανεῖν. Μεγάρα κἀγώ σʼ ἱκνοῦμαι χάριτι προσθεῖναι χάριν, ἡμῖν ἵνʼ ἀμφοῖν εἷς ὑπουργήσῃς διπλᾶ· κόσμον πάρες μοι παισὶ προσθεῖναι νεκρῶν, 330δόμους ἀνοίξας — νῦν γὰρ ἐκκεκλῄμεθα — ὡς ἀλλὰ ταῦτά γʼ ἀπολάχωσʼ οἴκων πατρός. Λύκος ἔσται τάδʼ· οἴγειν κλῇθρα προσπόλοις λέγω. κοσμεῖσθʼ ἔσω μολόντες· οὐ φθονῶ πέπλων. ὅταν δὲ κόσμον περιβάλησθε σώμασιν, 335ἥξω πρὸς ὑμᾶς νερτέρᾳ δώσων χθονί. Μεγάρα ὦ τέκνʼ, ὁμαρτεῖτʼ ἀθλίῳ μητρὸς ποδὶ πατρῷον ἐς μέλαθρον, οὗ τῆς οὐσίας ἄλλοι κρατοῦσι, τὸ δʼ ὄνομʼ ἔσθʼ ἡμῶν ἔτι. Ἀμφιτρύων ὦ Ζεῦ, μάτην ἄρʼ ὁμόγαμόν σʼ ἐκτησάμην, 340μάτην δὲ παιδὸς κοινεῶνʼ ἐκλῄζομεν· σὺ δʼ ἦσθʼ ἄρʼ ἥσσων ἢ ʼδόκεις εἶναι φίλος. ἀρετῇ σε νικῶ θνητὸς ὢν θεὸν μέγαν· παῖδας γὰρ οὐ προύδωκα τοὺς Ἡρακλέους. σὺ δʼ ἐς μὲν εὐνὰς κρύφιος ἠπίστω μολεῖν, 345τἀλλότρια λέκτρα δόντος οὐδενὸς λαβών, σῴζειν δὲ τοὺς σοὺς οὐκ ἐπίστασαι φίλους. ἀμαθής τις εἶ θεός, ἢ δίκαιος οὐκ ἔφυς.

Megara Old men, I thank you; it is right that friends should feel virtuous indignation on behalf of those they love; but do not on our account vent your anger on the tyrant to your own undoing. Hear my advice, Amphitryon, if there appears to you to be anything in what I say. I love my children; strange if I did not love those whom I bore, whom I labored for! Death I count a dreadful fate; but the man who strives against necessity I esteem a fool. Since we must die, let us do so without being burnt alive, a source of mockery to our enemies, which to my mind is an evil worse than death; for much good do we owe our family. You have always had a warrior’s fair fame, so it is not to be endured that you should die a coward’s death; and my husband’s reputation needs no one to witness that he would never consent to save these children’s lives by letting them incur the stain of cowardice; for the noble are afflicted by disgrace on account of their children, nor must I shrink from following my lord’s example. As to your hopes consider how I weigh them. Do you think your son will return from beneath the earth? And who ever has come back from the dead out of the halls of Hades? But would you soften this man by entreaty? Oh no! better to fly from one’s enemy when he is so brutish, but yield to men of breeding and culture; for you would more easily conclude a friendly truce by accepting regard. True, a thought has already occurred to me that we might by entreaty obtain a sentence of exile for the children; yet this too is misery, to compass their deliverance with dire penury as the result; for it is a saying that hosts look sweetly on banished friends for a day and no more. Endure to die with us, for that awaits you after all. By your brave soul I challenge you, old friend; for whoever struggles hard to escape destiny sent by the gods shows zeal no doubt, but it is zeal with a taint of folly; for what must be, no one will ever avail to alter.

Chorus Leader If a man had insulted you, while yet my arms were strong, there would have been an easy way to stop him; but now am I am nothing ; and so you henceforth, Amphitryon, must scheme how to avert misfortune.

Amphitryon It is not cowardice or any longing for life that hinders my dying, but my wish to save my son’s children, though no doubt I am longing for the impossible. See! here is my neck ready for the sword to pierce, to hack, to hurl from the rock; only one favor I crave for both of us, king; slay me and this hapless mother before you slay the children, that we may not see the hideous sight, as they gasp out their lives, calling on their mother and their father’s father; for the rest work your will if so you are inclined; for we have no defense against death.

Megara I too implore you add a second favor, that by your single act you may put us both under a double obligation; allow me to deck my children in the robes of death, first opening the palace gates, for now we are shut out, so that this at least they may obtain from their father’s halls.

Lycus I grant it, and bid my servants undo the bolts. Go in and deck yourselves; robes do not grudge. But as soon as you have clothed yourselves, I will return to you to consign you to the nether world.

Megara Children, follow the footsteps of your hapless mother to your father’s house, where others possess his substance, though his name is still ours.

Amphitryon O Zeus, in vain, it seems, did I get you to share my bride with me; in vain used we to call you partner in my son. After all you are less our friend than you pretended. Great god as you are, I, a mortal, surpass you in true worth. For I did not betray the children of Heracles; but you by stealth found your way to my bed, taking another’s wife without leave given, while to save your own friends you have no skill. Either you are a god of little sense, or else naturally unjust.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.