Euripides · Helen Ἑλένη

Euripides, Helen 476–514: Third episode: Menelaus puzzles over two Helens and resolves to wait

The Old Woman says that Helen was here before the Achaeans went to Troy, and again tells him to go. Menelaus, bewildered by two wives of the same name, reasons that the same names may belong to many people. He decides to wait for the king, since, as the saying goes, nothing is stronger than necessity.

Lines 476–514 · 374 words · click a number to copy its link
Γραῦς 476πρὶν τοὺς Ἀχαιούς, ὦ ξένʼ, ἐς Τροίαν μολεῖν. ἀλλʼ ἕρπʼ ἀπʼ οἴκων· ἔστι γάρ τις ἐν δόμοις τύχη, τύραννος ᾗ ταράσσεται δόμος. καιρὸν γὰρ οὐδένʼ ἦλθες· ἢν δὲ δεσπότης 480λάβῃ σε, θάνατος ξένιά σοι γενήσεται. εὔνους γάρ εἰμʼ Ἕλλησιν, οὐχ ὅσον πικροὺς λόγους ἔδωκα δεσπότην φοβουμένη. Μενελέως τί φῶ; τί λέξω; συμφορὰς γὰρ ἀθλίας ἐκ τῶν πάροιθεν τὰς παρεστώσας κλύω, 485εἰ τὴν μὲν αἱρεθεῖσαν ἐκ Τροίας ἄγων ἥκω δάμαρτα καὶ κατʼ ἄντρα σῴζεται, ὄνομα δὲ ταὐτὸν τῆς ἐμῆς ἔχουσά τις δάμαρτος ἄλλη τοισίδʼ ἐνναίει δόμοις. Διὸς δʼ ἔλεξε παῖδά νιν πεφυκέναι. 490ἀλλʼ ἦ τις ἔστι Ζηνὸς ὄνομʼ ἔχων ἀνὴρ Νείλου παρʼ ὄχθας; εἷς γὰρ ὅ γε κατʼ οὐρανόν. Σπάρτη δὲ ποῦ γῆς ἐστι πλὴν ἵνα ῥοαὶ τοῦ καλλιδόνακός εἰσιν Εὐρώτα μόνον; ἁπλοῦν δὲ Τυνδάρειον ὄνομα κλῄζεται. 495Λακεδαίμονος δὲ γαῖα τίς ξυνώνυμος Τροίας τε; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἔχω τί χρὴ λέγειν. πολλοὶ γάρ, ὡς εἴξασιν, ἐν πολλῇ χθονὶ ὀνόματα ταὔτʼ ἔχουσι καὶ πόλις πόλει γυνὴ γυναικί τʼ· οὐδὲν οὖν θαυμαστέον. 500οὐδʼ αὖ τὸ δεινὸν προσπόλου φευξούμεθα· ἀνὴρ γὰρ οὐδεὶς ὧδε βάρβαρος φρένας, ὃς ὄνομʼ ἀκούσας τοὐμὸν οὐ δώσει βοράν. κλεινὸν τὸ Τροίας πῦρ ἐγώ θʼ ὃς ἧψά νιν, Μενέλαος, οὐκ ἄγνωστος ἐν πάσῃ χθονί. 505δόμων ἄνακτα προσμενῶ· δισσὰς δέ μοι ἔχει φυλάξεις· ἢν μὲν ὠμόφρων τις ᾖ, κρύψας ἐμαυτὸν εἶμι πρὸς ναυάγια· ἢν δʼ ἐνδιδῷ τι μαλθακόν, τὰ πρόσφορα τῆς νῦν παρούσης συμφορᾶς αἰτήσομαι. 510κακῶν μὲν ἡμῖν ἔσχατον τοῖς ἀθλίοις, ἄλλους τυράννους αὐτὸν ὄντα βασιλέα βίον προσαιτεῖν· ἀλλʼ ἀναγκαίως ἔχει. λόγος γάρ ἐστιν οὐκ ἐμός, σοφὸν δʼ ἔπος, δεινῆς ἀνάγκης οὐδὲν ἰσχύειν πλέον.

Old woman Before the Achaeans went to Troy, stranger. But get away from the house; for something is happening within, by which the palace is thrown into confusion. You have not come at the right time; and if my master catches you, death will be your guest-gift. For I am well-disposed to Hellenes, for all that I spoke harshly to you in fear of my master.

Menelaos What can I say? For after my former troubles, this present event that I hear of is an unhappy one, if I have come here, bringing my wife who was taken from Troy, and she is kept safe in the cave, but some other woman who has the same name as my wife lives in this house. She said the woman was born the child of Zeus. Can there be a man with the name of Zeus by the banks of Nile? For there is only one in heaven. Where in the world is there a Sparta, except by the streams of Eurotas, with its lovely reeds? The name of Tyndareus is the name of one alone. Is there any land of the same name as Lakedaimon or Troy? I do not know what to say; for there are probably many things in the wide world that have the same names, both cities and women; there is nothing, then, to marvel at. Besides, I will not run away from a servant’s fears; for no man is so barbaric at heart as to refuse me food when he has heard my name. The fire of Troy is famous, and I, Menelaos, who lighted it, am well known in every land. I will wait for the master of the house; he gives me two things to look out for: if he is a cruel sort of person, I will keep myself hidden and go back to the shipwreck; but if he shows any softening, I will ask for help in my present state. This is the worst evil for me in my misery, to beg the means of life from other kings, when I am myself a king; but it is necessary. The saying is not mine, but it is a wise word: nothing is stronger than dreadful necessity.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.