Euripides · Hecuba Ἑκάβη

Euripides, Hecuba 334–388: First episode: Polyxena chooses death over slavery

Hecuba urges Polyxena to plead with Odysseus. Polyxena sees that he hides his hand beneath his robe so that she may not touch his beard, and tells him that he need not fear: she will follow him willingly, since life without honour is not to be desired. The Chorus praises noble birth, and Hecuba asks to die in her daughter's place.

Lines 334–388 · 495 words · click a number to copy its link

Hecuba

334ὦ θύγατερ, οὑμοὶ μὲν λόγοι πρὸς αἰθέρα 335φροῦδοι μάτην ῥιφέντες ἀμφὶ σοῦ φόνου· σὺ δʼ, εἴ τι μείζω δύναμιν ἢ μήτηρ ἔχεις, σπούδαζε πάσας ὥστʼ ἀηδόνος στόμα φθογγὰς ἱεῖσα, μὴ στερηθῆναι βίου. πρόσπιπτε δʼ οἰκτρῶς τοῦδʼ Ὀδυσσέως γόνυ 340καὶ πεῖθʼ — ἔχεις δὲ πρόφασιν· ἔστι γὰρ τέκνα καὶ τῷδε — τὴν σὴν ὥστʼ ἐποικτῖραι τύχην.

Daughter, my pleading to avert your bloody death was wasted idly, hurled forth on the air; but you, if endowed with greater power than your mother, make haste to utter every pleading note like the tuneful nightingale, to save your soul from death. Throw yourself pitiably at Odysseus’ knees, and try to move him—here is your plea: he too has children—to feel pity for your sad fate.

Πολυξένη 342ὁρῶ σʼ, Ὀδυσσεῦ, δεξιὰν ὑφʼ εἵματος κρύπτοντα χεῖρα καὶ πρόσωπον ἔμπαλιν στρέφοντα, μή σου προσθίγω γενειάδος. 345θάρσει· πέφευγας τὸν ἐμὸν Ἱκέσιον Δία· ὡς ἕψομαί γε τοῦ τʼ ἀναγκαίου χάριν θανεῖν τε χρῄζουσʼ· εἰ δὲ μὴ βουλήσομαι, κακὴ φανοῦμαι καὶ φιλόψυχος γυνή. τί γάρ με δεῖ ζῆν; ᾗ πατὴρ μὲν ἦν ἄναξ 350Φρυγῶν ἁπάντων· τοῦτό μοι πρῶτον βίου· ἔπειτʼ ἐθρέφθην ἐλπίδων καλῶν ὕπο βασιλεῦσι νύμφη, ζῆλον οὐ σμικρὸν γάμων ἔχουσʼ, ὅτου δῶμʼ ἑστίαν τʼ ἀφίξομαι· δέσποινα δʼ ἡ δύστηνος Ἰδαίαισιν ἦ 355γυναιξὶ παρθένοις τʼ ἀπόβλεπτος μέτα, ἴση θεοῖσι πλὴν τὸ κατθανεῖν μόνον· νῦν δʼ εἰμὶ δούλη. πρῶτα μέν με τοὔνομα θανεῖν ἐρᾶν τίθησιν οὐκ εἰωθὸς ὄν· ἔπειτʼ ἴσως ἂν δεσποτῶν ὠμῶν φρένας 360τύχοιμʼ ἄν, ὅστις ἀργύρου μʼ ὠνήσεται, τὴν Ἕκτορός τε χἁτέρων πολλῶν κάσιν, προσθεὶς δʼ ἀνάγκην σιτοποιὸν ἐν δόμοις, σαίρειν τε δῶμα κερκίσιν τʼ ἐφεστάναι λυπρὰν ἄγουσαν ἡμέραν μʼ ἀναγκάσει· 365λέχη δὲ τἀμὰ δοῦλος ὠνητός ποθεν χρανεῖ, τυράννων πρόσθεν ἠξιωμένα. οὐ δῆτʼ· ἀφίημʼ ὀμμάτων ἐλευθέρων φέγγος τόδʼ, Ἅιδῃ προστιθεῖσʼ ἐμὸν δέμας. ἄγου μʼ, Ὀδυσσεῦ, καὶ διέργασαί μʼ ἄγων· 370οὔτʼ ἐλπίδος γὰρ οὔτε του δόξης ὁρῶ θάρσος παρʼ ἡμῖν ὥς ποτʼ εὖ πρᾶξαί με χρή. μῆτερ, σὺ δʼ ἡμῖν μηδὲν ἐμποδὼν γένῃ, λέγουσα μηδὲ δρῶσα· συμβούλου δέ μοι θανεῖν πρὶν αἰσχρῶν μὴ κατʼ ἀξίαν τυχεῖν. 375ὅστις γὰρ οὐκ εἴωθε γεύεσθαι κακῶν, φέρει μέν, ἀλγεῖ δʼ αὐχένʼ ἐντιθεὶς ζυγῷ· θανὼν δʼ ἂν εἴη μᾶλλον εὐτυχέστερος ἢ ζῶν· τὸ γὰρ ζῆν μὴ καλῶς μέγας πόνος. Χορός δεινὸς χαρακτὴρ κἀπίσημος ἐν βροτοῖς 380ἐσθλῶν γενέσθαι, κἀπὶ μεῖζον ἔρχεται τῆς εὐγενείας ὄνομα τοῖσιν ἀξίοις.

Polyxena Odysseus, I see you hiding your right hand beneath your robe and turning away your face, so that I may not touch your beard. Take heart; you are safe from the suppliant’s god in my case, for I will follow you, both because I must and because it is my wish to die; for if I were unwilling, a coward would I show myself, a woman faint of heart. Why should I prolong my days? I whose father was lord of all the Phrygians, my chiefest pride in life. Then I was nursed on fair hopes to be a bride for kings, the center of keen jealousy among suitors, to see whose home I would make my own; and over each lady of Ida I was queen; ah me! admired among maidens, equal to a goddess, save for death alone, but now I am a slave! That name first makes me long for death, so strange it sounds; and then perhaps my lot might give me to some savage master, one that would buy me for money—me the sister of Hector and many others—who would make me knead him bread within his halls, or sweep his house or set me working at the loom, leading a life of misery; while some slave, bought I know not where, will taint my bed, once deemed worthy of royalty. No, never! Here I close my eyes upon the light, free as yet, and dedicate myself to Hades. Lead me away, Odysseus, and do your worst, for I see nothing within my reach to make me hope or expect with any confidence that I am ever again to be happy. Mother, do not seek to hinder me by word or deed, but join in my wish for death before I meet with shameful treatment undeserved. For whoever is not used to taste of sorrows, though he bears it, yet it galls him when he puts his neck within the yoke; far happier would he be dead than alive, for life bereft of honor is toil and trouble.

Chorus Leader A wondrous mark, most clearly stamped, does noble birth imprint on men, and the name goes still further where it is deserved.

Hecuba

382καλῶς μὲν εἶπας, θύγατερ, ἀλλὰ τῷ καλῷ λύπη πρόσεστιν. εἰ δὲ δεῖ τῷ Πηλέως χάριν γενέσθαι παιδὶ καὶ ψόγον φυγεῖν 385ὑμᾶς, Ὀδυσσεῦ, τήνδε μὲν μὴ κτείνετε, ἡμᾶς δʼ ἄγοντες πρὸς πυρὰν Ἀχιλλέως κεντεῖτε, μὴ φείδεσθʼ· ἐγὼ ῎τεκον Πάριν, ὃς παῖδα Θέτιδος ὤλεσεν τόξοις βαλών.

A noble speech, my daughter! but there is sorrow linked with its noble sentiments. Odysseus, if you must please the son of Peleus, and avoid reproach, do not slay this maid, but lead me to Achilles’ pyre and torture me unsparingly; it was I that bore Paris, whose fatal shaft laid low the son of Thetis.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.