Euripides · Hecuba Ἑκάβη

Euripides, Hecuba 218–250: First episode: Odysseus announces the sacrifice of Polyxena

Odysseus says that the army has voted to sacrifice Polyxena on the tomb of Achilles, and that the lot has made him messenger. He tells Hecuba to yield, since it is wise even in misfortune to give way. Hecuba reminds him that he once came to Troy as a spy and was spared by her, and asks whether she is to be thanked in this way.

Lines 218–250 · 334 words · click a number to copy its link
Ὀδυσσεύς 218γύναι, δοκῶ μέν σʼ εἰδέναι γνώμην στρατοῦ ψῆφόν τε τὴν κρανθεῖσαν· ἀλλʼ ὅμως φράσω. 220ἔδοξʼ Ἀχαιοῖς παῖδα σὴν Πολυξένην σφάξαι πρὸς ὀρθὸν χῶμʼ Ἀχιλλείου τάφου. ἡμᾶς δὲ πομποὺς καὶ κομιστῆρας κόρης τάσσουσιν εἶναι· θύματος δʼ ἐπιστάτης ἱερεύς τʼ ἐπέσται τοῦδε παῖς Ἀχιλλέως. 225οἶσθʼ οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; μήτʼ ἀποσπασθῇς βίᾳ μήτʼ ἐς χερῶν ἅμιλλαν ἐξέλθῃς ἐμοί· γίγνωσκε δʼ ἀλκὴν καὶ παρουσίαν κακῶν τῶν σῶν. σοφόν τοι κἀν κακοῖς ἃ δεῖ φρονεῖν. Ἑκάβη αἰαῖ· παρέστηχʼ, ὡς ἔοικʼ, ἀγὼν μέγας, 230πλήρης στεναγμῶν οὐδὲ δακρύων κενός. κἄγωγʼ ἄρʼ οὐκ ἔθνῃσκον οὗ μʼ ἐχρῆν θανεῖν, οὐδʼ ὤλεσέν με Ζεύς, τρέφει δʼ, ὅπως ὁρῶ κακῶν κάκʼ ἄλλα μείζονʼ ἡ τάλαινʼ ἐγώ. εἰ δʼ ἔστι τοῖς δούλοισι τοὺς ἐλευθέρους 235μὴ λυπρὰ μηδὲ καρδίας δηκτήρια ἐξιστορῆσαι, σοὶ μὲν εἰρῆσθαι χρεών, ἡμᾶς δʼ ἀκοῦσαι τοὺς ἐρωτῶντας τάδε. Ὀδυσσεύς ἔξεστʼ, ἐρώτα· τοῦ χρόνου γὰρ οὐ φθονῶ. Ἑκάβη οἶσθʼ ἡνίκʼ ἦλθες Ἰλίου κατάσκοπος, 240δυσχλαινίᾳ τʼ ἄμορφος, ὀμμάτων τʼ ἄπο φόνου σταλαγμοὶ σὴν κατέσταζον γένυν; Ὀδυσσεύς οἶδʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἄκρας καρδίας ἔψαυσέ μου. Ἑκάβη ἔγνω δέ σʼ Ἑλένη καὶ μόνῃ κατεῖπʼ ἐμοί; Ὀδυσσεύς μεμνήμεθʼ ἐς κίνδυνον ἐλθόντες μέγαν. Ἑκάβη 245ἥψω δὲ γονάτων τῶν ἐμῶν ταπεινὸς ὤν; Ὀδυσσεύς ὥστʼ ἐνθανεῖν γε σοῖς πέπλοισι χεῖρʼ ἐμήν. Ἑκάβη ἔσωσα δῆτά σʼ ἐξέπεμψά τε χθονός; Ὀδυσσεύς ὥστʼ εἰσορᾶν γε φέγγος ἡλίου τόδε. Ἑκάβη τί δῆτʼ ἔλεξας δοῦλος ὢν ἐμὸς τότε; Ὀδυσσεύς 250πολλῶν λόγων εὑρήμαθʼ, ὥστε μὴ θανεῖν.

Odysseus Lady, I think you know already the intention of the army, and the vote that has been passed; still I will declare it. It is the Achaeans’ will to sacrifice your daughter Polyxena at the mound heaped over Achilles’ grave; and they appoint me to take the maid and bring her there, while the son of Achilles is chosen to preside over the sacrifice and act as priest. Do you know then what to do? Do not be forcibly torn from her, nor match your might against mine; recognize the limits of your strength, and the presence of your troubles. Even in adversity it is wise to yield to reason’s dictates.

Hecuba Alas! a dreadful trial is near, it seems, full of mourning, rich in tears. Yes, I too escaped death where death had been my due, and Zeus did not destroy me but is still preserving my life, that I may witness in my misery fresh sorrows surpassing all before. But if the bond may ask the free of things that do not grieve them or wrench their heart-strings, you ought to speak in answer to my questions and I ought to hear what you have to say.

Odysseus Granted; put your questions; I do not grudge you that delay.

Hecuba Do you know when you came to spy on Ilium, disguised in rags and tatters, while down your cheek ran drops of blood?

Odysseus I do; for it was no slight impression it made upon my heart.

Hecuba Did Helen recognize you and tell me only?

Odysseus I well remember the great risk I ran.

Hecuba Did you embrace my knees in all humility?

Odysseus Yes, so that my hand grew dead and cold upon your robe.

Hecuba Was it I that saved and sent you forth again?

Odysseus You did, and so I still behold the light of day.

Hecuba What did you say then, when in my power?

Odysseus Doubtless I found plenty to say, to save my life.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Hecuba 218–250: Odysseus announces the sacrifice of Polyxena