Euripides · Hecuba Ἑκάβη

Euripides, Hecuba 59–153: Parodos: Hecuba's dream and the Greek decision to sacrifice Polyxena

Hecuba, an old slave, is helped out of the tent by her women, and tells of a terrible dream of a fawn torn from her knees by a wolf and of the ghost of Achilles on his tomb, and prays that her daughter and her son may be spared. The Chorus of captive Trojan women comes in to tell her that the Greeks have decided in assembly to sacrifice Polyxena on the grave of Achilles.

Lines 59–153 · 635 words · click a number to copy its link

Hecuba

59ἄγετʼ, ὦ παῖδες, τὴν γραῦν πρὸ δόμων, 60ἄγετʼ ὀρθοῦσαι τὴν ὁμόδουλον, Τρῳάδες, ὑμῖν, πρόσθε δʼ ἄνασσαν· λάβετε φέρετε πέμπετʼ ἀείρετέ μου γεραιᾶς χειρὸς προσλαζύμεναι· 65κἀγὼ σκολιῷ σκίπωνι χερὸς διερειδομένα σπεύσω βραδύπουν ἤλυσιν ἄρθρων προτιθεῖσα. ὦ στεροπὰ Διός, ὦ σκοτία νύξ, τί ποτʼ αἴρομαι ἔννυχος οὕτω 70δείμασι, φάσμασιν; ὦ πότνια Χθών, μελανοπτερύγων μῆτερ ὀνείρων, ἀποπέμπομαι ἔννυχον ὄψιν, ἣν περὶ παιδὸς ἐμοῦ τοῦ σῳζομένου κατὰ Θρῄκην 75ἀμφὶ Πολυξείνης τε φίλης θυγατρὸς διʼ ὀνείρων φοβερὰν ἐδάην. ὦ χθόνιοι θεοί, σώσατε παῖδʼ ἐμόν, 80ὃς μόνος οἴκων ἄγκυρʼ ἔτʼ ἐμῶν τὴν χιονώδη Θρῄκην κατέχει ξείνου πατρίου φυλακαῖσιν. ἔσται τι νέον· ἥξει τι μέλος γοερὸν γοεραῖς. 85οὔποτʼ ἐμὰ φρὴν ὧδʼ ἀλίαστος φρίσσει, ταρβεῖ. ποῦ ποτε θείαν Ἑλένου ψυχὰν καὶ Κασάνδραν ἐσίδω, Τρῳάδες, ὥς μοι κρίνωσιν ὀνείρους; 90εἶδον γὰρ βαλιὰν ἔλαφον λύκου αἵμονι χαλᾷ σφαζομέναν, ἀπʼ ἐμῶν γονάτων σπασθεῖσαν ἀνοίκτως. καὶ τόδε δεῖμά μοι· ἦλθʼ ὑπὲρ ἄκρας τύμβου κορυφᾶς φάντασμʼ Ἀχιλέως· ᾔτει δὲ γέρας 95τῶν πολυμόχθων τινὰ Τρωιάδων. ἀπʼ ἐμᾶς ἀπʼ ἐμᾶς οὖν τόδε παιδὸς πέμψατε, δαίμονες, ἱκετεύω.

Guide these aged steps, my servants, forth before the house; guide and support your fellow-slave, once your queen, you maids of Troy. Grasp my aged hand, take me, support me, guide me, lift me up; and I will lean upon your bent arm as on a staff and quicken my halting footsteps onwards. O dazzling light of Zeus! O gloom of night! why am I thus scared by fearful visions of the night? O lady Earth, mother of dreams that fly on sable wings! I am seeking to avert the vision of the night, the sight of horror which I learned from my dreams about my son, who is safe in Thrace, and Polyxena, my dear daughter. You gods of this land! preserve my son, the last and only anchor of my house, now settled in Thrace, the land of snow, safe in the keeping of his father’s friend. Some fresh disaster is in store, a new strain of sorrow will be added to our woe. Such ceaseless thrills of terror never wrung my heart before. Oh! where, you Trojan maidens, can I find inspired Helenus or Cassandra, that they may read me my dream? For I saw a dappled deer mangled by a wolf’s bloody fangs, torn from my knees by force, piteously. And this too filled me with fear; over the summit of his tomb appeared Achilles’ phantom, and for his prize he would have one of the luckless maids of Troy. Therefore, I implore you, divine powers, avert this horror from my daughter, from my child.

Chorus

98Ἑκάβη, σπουδῇ πρός σʼ ἐλιάσθην τὰς δεσποσύνους σκηνὰς προλιποῦσʼ, 100ἵνʼ ἐκληρώθην δούλη, πόλεως ἀπελαυνομένη τῆς Ἰλιάδος, λόγχης αἰχμῇ δοριθήρατος πρὸς Ἀχαιῶν, οὐδὲν παθέων ἀποκουφίζουσʼ, 105ἀλλʼ ἀγγελίας βάρος ἀραμένη μέγα σοί τε, γύναι, κῆρυξ ἀχέων. ἐν γὰρ Ἀχαιῶν πλήρει ξυνόδῳ λέγεται δόξαι σὴν παῖδʼ Ἀχιλεῖ σφάγιον θέσθαι· τύμβου δʼ ἐπιβὰς 110οἶσθʼ ὅτε χρυσέοις ἐφάνη σὺν ὅπλοις, τὰς ποντοπόρους δʼ ἔσχε σχεδίας λαίφη προτόνοις ἐπερειδομένας, τάδε θωΰσσων· Ποῖ δή, Δαναοί, τὸν ἐμὸν τύμβον 115στέλλεσθʼ ἀγέραστον ἀφέντες; πολλῆς δʼ ἔριδος συνέπαισε κλύδων, δόξα δʼ ἐχώρει δίχʼ ἀνʼ Ἑλλήνων στρατὸν αἰχμητήν, τοῖς μὲν διδόναι τύμβῳ σφάγιον, τοῖς δʼ οὐχὶ δοκοῦν. 120ἦν δʼ ὁ τὸ μὲν σὸν σπεύδων ἀγαθὸν τῆς μαντιπόλου Βάκχης ἀνέχων λέκτρʼ Ἀγαμέμνων· τὼ Θησείδα δʼ, ὄζω Ἀθηνῶν, δισσῶν μύθων ῥήτορες ἦσαν· 125γνώμῃ δὲ μιᾷ συνεχωρείτην, τὸν Ἀχίλλειον τύμβον στεφανοῦν αἵματι χλωρῷ, τὰ δὲ Κασάνδρας λέκτρʼ οὐκ ἐφάτην τῆς Ἀχιλείας πρόσθεν θήσειν ποτὲ λόγχης.

Hecuba, I have hastened away to you, leaving my master’s tent, where the lot assigned me as his slave, when I was driven from the city of Ilium, hunted by Achaeans at the point of the spear; no alleviation do I bring for your sufferings; no, I have laden myself with heavy news, and am a herald of sorrow to you, lady. It is said the Achaeans have determined in full assembly to offer your daughter in sacrifice to Achilles; for you know how one day he appeared standing on his tomb in golden armor, and stayed the sea-borne ships, though they had their sails already hoisted, with this pealing cry: Where away so fast, you Danaids, leaving my tomb without its prize? A violent dispute with stormy altercation arose, and opinion was divided in the warrior army of Hellas, some being in favor of offering the sacrifice at the tomb, others dissenting. There was Agamemnon, all eagerness in your interest, because of his love for the frenzied prophetess; but the two sons of Theseus, scions of Athens, though supporting different proposals, yet agreed on the same decision, which was to crown Achilles’ tomb with fresh blood; for they said they never would set Cassandra’s bed before Achilles’ valor.

Chorus

130σπουδαὶ δὲ λόγων κατατεινομένων ἦσαν ἴσαι πως, πρὶν ὁ ποικιλόφρων κόπις ἡδυλόγος δημοχαριστὴς Λαερτιάδης πείθει στρατιὰν μὴ τὸν ἄριστον Δαναῶν πάντων 135δούλων σφαγίων εἵνεκʼ ἀπωθεῖν, μηδέ τινʼ εἰπεῖν παρὰ Φερσεφόνῃ στάντα φθιμένων ὡς ἀχάριστοι Δαναοὶ Δαναοῖς τοῖς οἰχομένοις ὑπὲρ Ἑλλήνων 140Τροίας πεδίων ἀπέβησαν. ἥξει δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ὅσον οὐκ ἤδη, πῶλον ἀφέλξων σῶν ἀπὸ μαστῶν ἔκ τε γεραιᾶς χερὸς ὁρμήσων. ἀλλʼ ἴθι ναούς, ἴθι πρὸς βωμούς, 145ἵζʼ Ἀγαμέμνονος ἱκέτις γονάτων, κήρυσσε θεοὺς τούς τʼ οὐρανίδας τούς θʼ ὑπὸ γαῖαν. ἢ γάρ σε λιταὶ διακωλύσουσʼ ὀρφανὸν εἶναι παιδὸς μελέας, 150ἢ δεῖ σʼ ἐπιδεῖν τύμβου προπετῆ φοινισσομένην αἵματι παρθένον ἐκ χρυσοφόρου δειρῆς νασμῷ μελαναυγεῖ.

Now the zeal of the rival disputants was almost equal, until that shifty, smooth-mouthed liar, the son of Laertes, whose tongue is always at the service of the mob, persuaded the army not to put aside the best of all the Danaids for want of a servant-maid’s sacrifice, nor have it said by any of the dead that stand beside Persephone that the Danaids have left the plains of Troy without gratitude for their companions who died for Hellas. Odysseus will be here in an instant, to drag the tender maiden from your breast and tear her from your aged arms. Go to the temples, go to the altars, at Agamemnon’s knees sit as a suppliant! Invoke the gods, both those in heaven and those beneath the earth. For either your prayers will avail to spare you the loss of your unhappy child, or you must see your daughter fall before the tomb, her crimson blood spurting in deep dark jets from her neck encircled with gold.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.