Theocritus · Idylls Εἰδύλλια

Theocritus, Idylls 18.1–58: Idyll 18: Helen's wedding song

Twelve Spartan maidens sing outside the bridal chamber on the wedding night of Helen and Menelaus. They praise Helen, tease Menelaus for sleeping too early, and wish the pair children and lasting happiness. They promise to return at dawn and sing again.

Lines 18.1–58 · 664 words · click a number to copy its link
1ἔν ποκʼ ἄρα Σπάρτᾳ ξανθότριχι πὰρ Μενελάῳ παρθενικαὶ θάλλοντα κόμαις ὑάκινθον ἔχοισαι πρόσθε νεογράπτω θαλάμω χορὸν ἐστάσαντο, δώδεκα ταὶ πρᾶται πόλιος, μέγα χρῆμα Λακαινᾶν, 5ἁνίκα Τυνδαριδᾶν κατεδέξατο τὰν ἀγαπητὰν μναστεύσας Ἑλέναν ὁ νεώτερος Ἀτρέος υἱός. ἄειδον δʼ ἄρα πᾶσαι ἐς ἓν μέλος ἐγκροτέοισαι ποσσὶ περιπλέκτοις, ὑπὸ δʼ ἴαχε δῶμʼ ὑμεναίῳ. οὕτω δὴ πρωιζὲ κατέδραθες ὦ φίλε γαμβρέ; 10ἦ ῥά τις ἐσσὶ λίαν βαρυγούνατος; ἦ ῥα φίλυπνος; ἦ ῥα πολύν τινʼ ἔπινες, ὅτʼ εἰς εὐνὰν κατεβάλλευ; εὕδειν μὰν σπεύδοντα καθʼ ὥραν αὐτὸν ἐχρῆν τυ, παῖδα δʼ ἐᾶν σὺν παισὶ φιλοστόργῳ παρὰ ματρὶ παίσδειν ἐς βαθὺν ὄρθρον, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἔνας καὶ ἐς ἀῶ 15κεἰς ἔτος ἐξ ἔτεος Μενέλαε τεὰ νυὸς ἅδε. ὄλβιε γάμβρʼ, ἀγαθός τις ἐπέπταρεν ἐρχομένῳ τοι ἐς Σπάρταν, ἅπερ ὥλλοι ἀριστέες, ὡς ἀνύσαιο. μοῦνος ἐν ἡμιθέοις Κρονίδαν Δία πενθερὸν ἑξεῖς. Ζανός τοι θυγάτηρ ὑπὸ τὰν μίαν ἵκετο χλαῖναν, 20οἵα Ἀχαιιάδων γαῖαν πατεῖ οὐδὲ μίʼ ἄλλα. ἦ μέγα κέν τι τέκοιτʼ, εἰ ματέρι τίκτοι ὁμοῖον. ἄμμες δʼ αἱ πᾶσαι συνομάλικες, αἷς δρόμος ωὑτός χρισαμέναις ἀνδριστὶ παρʼ Εὐρώταο λοετροῖς, τετράκις ἑξήκοντα κόραι, θῆλυς νεολαία, 25τᾶν οὐδέν τις ἄμωμος, ἐπεί χʼ Ἑλένᾳ παρισωθῇ. Ἀὼς ἀντέλλοισα καλὸν διέφανε πρόσωπον, πότνια νὺξ τό τε λευκὸν ἔαρ χειμῶνος ἀνέντος· ὧδε καὶ ἁ χρυσέα Ἑλένα διαφαίνετʼ ἐν ἁμῖν. πιείρᾳ μέγα λᾷον ἀνέδραμε κόσμος ἀρούρᾳ 30ἢ κάπῳ κυπάρισσος ἢ ἅρματι Θεσσαλὸς ἵππος· ὧδε καὶ ἁ ῥοδόχρως Ἑλένα Λακεδαίμονι κόσμος. οὔτέ τις ἐκ ταλάρω πανίσδεται ἔργα τοιαῦτα, οὔτʼ ἐνὶ δαιδαλέῳ πυκινώτερον ἄτριον ἱστῷ κερκίδι συμπλέξασα μακρῶν ἔταμʼ ἐκ κελεόντων. 35οὐ μὰν οὐδὲ λύραν τις ἐπίσταται ὧδε κροτῆσαι Ἄρτεμιν ἀείδοισα καὶ εὐρύστερνον Ἀθάναν, ὡς Ἑλένα, τᾶς πάντες ἐπʼ ὄμμασιν ἵμεροι ἐντί.

IN Sparta, once, to the house of fair-haired Menelaus, came maidens with the blooming hyacinth in their hair, and before the new painted chamber arrayed their dance,—twelve maidens, the first in the city, the glory of Laconian girls,—what time the younger Atrides had wooed and won Helen, and closed the door of the bridal-bower on the beloved daughter of Tyndarus. Then sang they all in harmony, beating time with woven paces, and the house rang round with the bridal song.

The Chorus.

Thus early art thou sleeping, dear bridegroom, say are thy limbs heavy with slumber, or art thou all too fond of sleep, or hadst thou perchance drunken over well, ere thou didst fling thee to thy rest? Thou shouldst have slept betimes, and alone, if thou wert so fain of sleep; thou shouldst have left the maiden with maidens beside her mother dear, to play till deep in the dawn, for to-morrow, and next day, and for all the years, Menelaus, she is thy bride.

O happy bridegroom, some good spirit sneezed out on thee a blessing, as thou wert approaching Sparta whither went the other princes, that so thou mightst win thy desire! Alone among the demigods shalt thou have Zeus for father! Yea, and the daughter of Zeus has come beneath one coverlet with thee, so fair a lady, peerless among all Achaean women that walk the earth. Surely a wondrous child would she bear thee, if she bore one like the mother!

For lo, we maidens are all of like age with her, and one course we were wont to run, anointed in manly fashion, by the baths of Eurotas. Four times sixty girls were we, the maiden flower of the land, but of us all not one was faultless, when matched with Helen.

As the rising Dawn shows forth her fairer face than thine, O Night, or as the bright Spring, when Winter relaxes his hold, even so amongst us still she shone, the golden Helen. Even as the crops spring up, the glory of the rich plough land; or, as is the cypress in the garden; or, in a chariot, a horse of Thessalian breed, even so is rose-red Helen the glory of Lacedaemon. No other in her basket of wool winds forth such goodly work, and none cuts out, from between the mighty beams, a closer warp than that her shuttle weaves in the carven loom. Yea, and of a truth none other smites the lyre, hymning Artemis and broad-breasted Athene, with such skill as Helen, within whose eyes dwell all the Loves.

38ὦ καλὰ ὦ χαρίεσσα κόρα, τὺ μὲν οἰκέτις ἤδη, ἄμμες δʼ ἐς δρόμον ἦρι καὶ ἐς λειμώνια φύλλα 40ἑρψεῦμες στεφάνως δρεψεύμεναι ἁδὺ πνέοντας, πολλὰ τεοῦς Ἑλένα μεμναμέναι ὡς γαλαθηναὶ ἄρνες γειναμένας ὄιος μαστὸν ποθέοισαι. πρᾶταί τοι στέφανον λωτῶ χαμαὶ αὐξομένοιο πλέξασαι σκιερὰν καταθήσομεν ἐς πλατάνιστον, 45πρᾶται δʼ ἀργυρέας ἐξ ὄλπιδος ὑγρὸν ἄλειφαρ λαζύμεναι σταξεῦμες ὑπὸ σκιερὰν πλατάνιστον· γράμματα δʼ ἐν φλοιῷ γεγράψεται, (ὡς παριών τις ἀννείμῃ,) Δωριστί· σέβου μʼ· Ἑλένας φυτὸν εἰμί. χαίροις ὦ νύμφα, χαίροις εὐπένθερε γαμβρέ. 50Λατὼ μὲν δοίη, Λατὼ κουροτρόφος ὔμμιν εὐτεκνίαν, Κύπρις δέ, θεὰ Κύπρις ἶσον ἔρασθαι ἀλλάλων, Ζεὺς δέ, Κρονίδας Ζεὺς ἄφθιτον ὄλβον, ὡς ἐξ εὐπατριδᾶν εἰς εὐπατρίδας πάλιν ἔνθῃ. εὕδετʼ ἐς ἀλλάλων στέρνον φιλότητα πνέοντες 55καὶ πόθον, ἔγρεσθαι δὲ πρὸς ἀῶ μἠπιλάθησθε. νεύμεθα κἄμμες ἐς ὄρθρον, ἐπεί κα πρᾶτος ἀοιδὸς ἐξ εὐνᾶς κελαδήσῃ ἀνασχὼν εὔτριχα δειράν. Ὑμὴν ὦ Ὑμέναιε, γάμῳ ἐπὶ τῷδε χαρείης.

O fair, O gracious damsel, even now art thou a wedded wife; but we will go forth right early to the course we ran, and to the grassy meadows, to gather sweet-breathing coronals of flowers, thinking often upon thee, Helen, even as youngling lambs that miss the teats of the mother-ewe. For thee first will we twine a wreath of lotus flowers that lowly grow, and hang it on a shadowy plane tree, for thee first will we take soft oil from the silver phial, and drop it beneath a shadowy plane tree, and letters will we grave on the bark, in Dorian wise, so that the wayfarer may read:

WORSHIP ME, I AM THE TREE OF HELEN.

Good night, thou bride, good night, thou groom that hast won a mighty sire! May Leto, Leto, the nurse of noble offspring, give you the blessing of children; and may Cypris, divine Cypris, grant you equal love, to cherish each the other; and may Zeus, even Zeus the son of Cronos, give you wealth imperishable, to be handed down from generation to generation of the princes.

Sleep ye, breathing love and desire each into the other’s breast, but forget not to wake in the dawning, and at dawn we too will come, when the earliest cock shrills from his perch, and raises his feathered neck.

Hymen, O Hymenae, rejoice thou in this bridal.

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English translation by Andrew Lang (1889). Original text: R. J. Cholmeley (ed.), The Idylls of Theocritus, London: George Bell and Sons, 1901-1919 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.