Theocritus · Idylls Εἰδύλλια

Theocritus, Idylls 25.138–281: Idyll 25: Phaethon the bull and the Nemean lion

The great bull Phaethon charges at Heracles, who seizes him by the left horn and forces his neck to the ground, to the wonder of Augeas and Phyleus. On the road to the city Phyleus asks about the lion whose hide Heracles wears, and Heracles tells how Eurystheus set him the task, how he killed the Nemean lion with his bare hands, and how he flayed it with its own claws.

Lines 25.138–281 · 1554 words · click a number to copy its link
138τῶν μέν τε προφέρεσκε βίηφί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾧ ἠδʼ ὑπεροπλίῃ Φαέθων μέγας, ὅν ῥα βοτῆρες 140ἀστέρι πάντες ἔισκον, ὁθούνεκα πολλὸν ἐν ἄλλοις βουσὶν ἰὼν λάμπεσκεν, ἀρίζηλος δʼ ἐτέτυκτο. ὃς δή τοι σκύλος αὖον ἰδὼν χαροποῖο λέοντος αὐτῷ ἔπειτʼ ἐπόρουσεν ἐυσκόπῳ Ἡρακλῆι χρίμψασθαι ποτὶ πλευρὰ κάρη στιβαρόν τε μέτωπον. 145τοῦ μὲν ἄναξ προσιόντος ἐδράξατο χειρὶ παχείῃ σκαιοῦ ἄφαρ κέραος, κατὰ δʼ αὐχένα νέρθʼ ἐπὶ γαίης κλάσσε βαρύν περ ἐόντα, πάλιν δέ μιν ὦσεν ὀπίσσω ὤμῳ ἐπιβρίσας· ὁ δέ οἱ περὶ νεῦρα τανυσθεὶς μυὼν ἐξ ὑπάτοιο βραχίονος ὀρθὸς ἀνέστη. 150θαύμαζεν δʼ αὐτός τε ἄναξ υἱός τε δαΐφρων Φυλεὺς οἵ τʼ ἐπὶ βουσὶ κορωνίσι βουκόλοι ἄνδρες, Ἀμφιτρυωνιάδαο βίην ὑπέροπλον ἰδόντες. τὼ δʼ εἰς ἄστυ λιπόντε καταυτόθι πίονας ἀγροὺς ἐστιχέτην, Φυλεύς τε βίη θʼ Ἡρακληείη. 155λαοφόρου δʼ ἐπέβησαν ὅθι πρώτιστα κελεύθου, λεπτὴν καρπαλίμοισι τρίβον ποσὶν ἐξανύσαντες, ἥ ῥα διʼ ἀμπελεῶνος ἀπὸ σταθμῶν τετάνυστο οὔτι λίην ἀρίσημος ἐν ὕλῃ χλωρὰ θέουσα, τῇ μιν ἄρα προσέειπε Διὸς γόνον ὑψίστοιο 160Αὐγείω φίλος υἱὸς ἕθεν μετόπισθεν ἰόντα, ἦκα παρακλίνας κεφαλὴν κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον·

Among these bulls was one pre-eminent for strength and might, and for reckless pride, even the mighty Phaethon, that all the herdsmen still likened to a star, because he always shone so bright when he went among the other cattle, and was right easy to be discerned. Now when this bull beheld the dried skin of the fierce-faced lion, he rushed against the keen-eyed Heracles himself, to dash his head and stalwart front against the sides of the hero. Even as he charged, the prince forthwith grasped him with strong hand by the left horn, and bowed his neck down to the ground, puissant as he was, and, with the weight of his shoulder, crushed him backwards, while clear stood out the strained muscle over the sinews on the hero’s upper arm. Then marvelled the king himself, and his son, the warlike Phyleus, and the herdsmen that were set over the horned kine,—when they beheld the exceeding strength of the son of Amphitryon.

Now these twain, even Phyleus and mighty Heracles, left the fat fields there, and were making for the city. But just where they entered on the highway, after quickly speeding over the narrow path that stretched through the vineyard from the farmhouses, a dim path through the green wood, thereby the dear son of Augeas bespake the child of supreme Zeus, who was behind him, slightly turning his head over his right shoulder,

162ξεῖνε, πάλαι τινὰ πάγχυ σέθεν πέρι μῦθον ἀκούσας ὡσεί περ σφετέρῃσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλομαι ἄρτι. ἤλυθε γὰρ στείχων τις ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ὡς μέσος ἀκμῆς 165ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιὸς ἀνὴρ Ἑλίκης ἐξ ἀγχιάλοιο· ὃς δή τοι μυθεῖτο καὶ ἐν πλεόνεσσιν Ἐπειῶν, οὕνεκεν Ἀργείων τις ἕθεν παρεόντος ὄλεσσε θηρίον, αἰνολέοντα, κακὸν τέρας ἀγροιώταις, κοίλην αὖλιν ἔχοντα Διὸς Νεμέοιο παρʼ ἄλσος, 170οὐκ οἶδʼ ἀτρεκέως ἢ Ἄργεος ἐξ ἱεροῖο αὐτόθεν ἢ Τίρυνθα νέμων πόλιν ἠὲ Μυκήνην. ὣς κεῖνος ἀγόρευε· γένος δέ μιν εἶναι ἔφασκεν, εἰ ἐτεόν περ ἐγὼ μιμνήσκομαι, ἐκ Περσῆος. ἔλπομαι οὐχ ἕτερον τόδε τλήμεναι Αἰγιαλήων 175ἠὲ σέ· δέρμα δὲ θηρὸς ἀριφραδέως ἀγορεύει χειρῶν καρτερὸν ἔργον, ὅ τοι περὶ πλευρὰ καλύπτει. εἴπʼ ἄγε νῦν μοι πρῶτον, ἵνα γνώω κατὰ θυμόν, ἥρως, εἴτʼ ἐτύμως μαντεύομαι εἴτε καὶ οὐκί, εἰ σύγʼ ἐκεῖνος, ὃν ἧμιν ἀκουόντεσσιν ἔειπεν 180οὑξ Ἑλίκηθεν Ἀχαιός, ἐγὼ δέ σε φράζομαι ὀρθῶς. εἰπὲ δʼ ὅπως ὀλοὸν τόδε θηρίον αὐτὸς ἔπεφνες, ὅππως τʼ εὔυδρον Νεμέης εἰσήλυθε χῶρον· οὐ μὲν γάρ κε τοσόνδε κατʼ Ἀπίδα κνώδαλον εὕροις ἱμείρων ἰδέειν, ἐπεὶ οὐ μάλα τηλίκα βόσκει, 185ἀλλʼ ἄρκτους τε σύας τε λύκων τʼ ὀλοφώιον ἔρνος. τῷ καὶ θαυμάζεσκον ἀκούοντες τότε μῦθον· οἱ δέ νυ καὶ ψεύδεσθαι ὁδοιπόρον ἀνέρʼ ἔφαντο γλώσσης μαψιδίοιο χαριζόμενον παρεοῦσιν. Ὣς εἰπὼν μέσσης ἐξηρώησε κελεύθου 190Φυλεύς, ὄφρα κιοῦσιν ἅμα σφίσιν ἄρκιος εἴη, καί ῥά τε ῥηίτερον φαμένου κλύοι Ἡρακλῆος, ὅς μιν ὁμαρτήσας τοίῳ προσελέξατο μύθῳ·

‘Stranger, long time ago I heard a tale, which, as of late I guess, surely concerneth thee. For there came hither, in his wayfaring out of Argos, a certain young Achaean, from Helicé, by the seashore, who verily told a tale and that among many Epeians here,—how, even in his presence, a certain Argive slew a wild beast, a lion dread, a curse of evil omen to the country folk. The monster had its hollow lair by the grove of Nemean Zeus, but as for him that slew it, I know not surely whether he was a man of sacred Argos, there, or a dweller in Tiryns city, or in Mycenae, as he that told the tale declared. By birth, howbeit, he said (if rightly, I recall it) that the hero was descended from Perseus. Methinks that none of the Aegialeis had the hardihood for this deed save thyself; nay, the hide of the beast that covers thy sides doth clearly proclaim the mighty deed of thy hands. But come now, hero, tell thou me first, that truly I may know, whether my foreboding be right or wrong,—if thou art that man of whom the Achaean from Helicé spake in our hearing, and if I read thee aright. Tell me how single-handed thou didst slay this ruinous pest, and how it came to the well-watered ground of Nemea, for not in Apis couldst thou find,—not though thou soughtest after it,—so great a monster. For the country feeds no such large game, but bears, and boars, and the pestilent race of wolves. Wherefore all were in amaze that listened to the story, and there were some who said that the traveller was lying, and pleasing them that stood by with the words of an idle tongue.’

Thus Phyleus spake, and stepped out of the middle of the road, that there might be space for both to walk abreast, and that so he might hear the more easily the words of Heracles who now came abreast with him, and spake thus,

193Ὦ Αὐγηιάδη, τὸ μὲν ὅττί με πρῶτον ἀνήρευ, αὐτὸς καὶ μάλα ῥεῖα κατὰ στάθμην ἐνόησας. 195ἀμφὶ δέ σοι τὰ ἕκαστα λέγοιμί κε τοῦδε πελώρου ὅππως ἐκράανθεν, ἐπεὶ λελίησαι ἀκούειν, νόσφίν γʼ ἢ ὅθεν ἦλθε· τὸ γὰρ πολέων περ ἐόντων Ἀργείων οὐδείς κεν ἔχοι σάφα μυθήσασθαι· οἶον δʼ ἀθανάτων τίνʼ ἐίσκομεν ἀνδράσι πῆμα 200ἱρῶν μηνίσαντα Φορωνείδῃσιν ἐφεῖναι. πάντας γὰρ πισῆας ἐπικλύζων ποταμὸς ὣς λῖς ἄμοτον κεράιζε, μάλιστα δὲ Βεμβιναίους, οἵ ἑθεν ἀγχόμοροι ναῖον πασχόντες ἄτλητα.

‘O son of Augeas, concerning that whereof thou first didst ask me, thyself most easily hast discerned it aright. Nay then, about this monster I will tell thee all, even how all was done,—since thou art eager to hear,—save, indeed, as to whence he came, for, many as the Argives be, not one can tell that clearly. Only we guess that some one of the Immortals, in wrath for sacrifice unoffered, sent this bane against the children of Phoroneus. For over all the men of Pisa the lion swept, like a flood, and still ravaged insatiate, and chiefly spoiled the Bembinaeans, that were his neighbours, and endured things intolerable.

204τὸν μὲν ἐμοὶ πρώτιστα τελεῖν ἐπέταξεν ἄεθλον 205Εὐρυσθεύς, κτεῖναι δέ μʼ ἐφίετο θηρίον αἰνόν. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κέρας ὑγρὸν ἑλὼν κοίλην τε φαρέτρην ἰῶν ἐμπλείην νεόμην, ἑτέρηφι δὲ βάκτρον εὐπαγὲς αὐτόφλοιον ἐπηρεφέος κοτίνοιο ἔμμητρον, τὸ μὲν αὐτὸς ὑπὸ ζαθέῳ Ἑλικῶνι 210εὑρὼν σὺν πυκινῇσιν ὁλοσχερὲς ἔσπασα ῥίζαις. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τὸν χῶρον, ὅθι λῖς ἦεν, ἵκανον, δὴ τότε τόξον ἑλὼν στρεπτὴν ἐπέλασσα κορώνῃ νευρειήν, περὶ δʼ ἰὸν ἐχέστονον εἶθαρ ἔβησα. πάντῃ δʼ ὄσσε φέρων ὀλοὸν τέρας ἐσκοπίαζον, 215εἴ μιν ἐσαθρήσαιμι, πάρος γʼ ἐμὲ κεῖνον ἰδέσθαι. ἤματος ἦν τὸ μεσηγύ, καὶ οὐδέ πῃ ἴχνια τοῖο φρασθῆναι δυνάμην οὐδʼ ὠρυγμοῖο πυθέσθαι. οὐδὲ μὲν ἀνθρώπων τις ἔην ἐπὶ βουσὶ καὶ ἔργοις φαινόμενος σπορίμοιο διʼ αὔλακος, ὅντινʼ ἐροίμην· 220ἀλλὰ κατὰ σταθμοὺς χλωρὸν δέος εἶχεν ἕκαστον. οὐ μὴν πρὶν πόδας ἔσχον ὄρος τανύφυλλον ἐρευνῶν, πρὶν ἰδέειν ἀλκῆς τε παραυτίκα πειρηθῆναι. ἤτοι ὁ μὲν σήραγγα προδείελος ἔστιχεν εἰς ἥν, βεβρωκὼς κρειῶν τε καὶ αἵματος, ἀμφὶ δὲ χαίτας 225αὐχμηρὰς πεπάλακτο φόνῳ χαροπόν τε πρόσωπον στήθεά τε, γλώσσῃ δὲ περιλιχμᾶτο γένειον. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ θάμνοισιν ἄφαρ σκιεροῖσιν ἐκρύφθην ἐν ῥίῳ ὑλήεντι δεδεγμένος ὁππόθʼ ἵκοιτο, καὶ βάλον ἆσσον ἰόντος ἀριστερὸν ἐς κενεῶνα 230τηϋσίως· οὐ γάρ τι βέλος διὰ σαρκὸς ὄλισθεν ὀκριόεν, χλωρῇ δὲ παλίσσυτον ἔμπεσε ποίῃ. αὐτὰρ ὁ κρᾶτα δαφοινὸν ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὦκʼ ἐπάειρε θαμβήσας, πάντῃ δὲ διέδρακεν ὀφθαλμοῖσι σκεπτόμενος, λαμυροὺς δὲ χανὼν ὑπʼ ὀδόντας ἔφηνε. 235τῷ δʼ ἐγὼ ἄλλον ὀιστὸν ἀπὸ νευρῆς προΐαλλον ἀσχαλόων, ὅ μοι ὁ πρὶν ἐτώσιος ἔκφυγε χειρός· μεσσηγὺς δʼ ἔβαλον στηθέων, ὅθι πνεύμονος ἕδρη. ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὣς ὑπὸ βύρσαν ἔδυ πολυώδυνος ἰός, ἀλλʼ ἔπεσε προπάροιθε ποδῶν ἀνεμώλιος αὔτως. 240τὸ τρίτον αὖ μέλλεσκον ἀσώμενος ἐν φρεσὶν αἰνῶς αὐερύειν· ὁ δέ μʼ εἶδε περιγληνώμενος ὄσσοις θὴρ ἄμοτος, μακρὴν δὲ περʼ ἰγνύῃσιν ἕλιξε κέρκον, ἄφαρ δὲ μάχης ἐμνήσατο· πᾶς δέ οἱ αὐχὴν θυμοῦ ἐνεπλήσθη, πυρσαὶ δʼ ἔφριξαν ἔθειραι 245σκυζομένῳ, κυρτὴ δὲ ῥάχις γένετʼ ἠύτε τόξον, πάντοθεν εἰληθέντος ὑπὸ λαγόνας τε καὶ ἰξύν. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἁρματοπηγὸς ἀνὴρ πολέων ἴδρις ἔργων ὄρπηκας κάμπτῃσιν ἐρινεοῦ εὐκεάτοιο, θάλψας ἐν πυρὶ πρῶτον, ἐπαξονίῳ κύκλα δίφρῳ· 250τοῦ μὲν ὑπὲκ χειρῶν ἔφυγεν τανύφλοιος ἐρινεὸς καμπτόμενος, τηλοῦ δὲ μιῇ πήδησε σὺν ὁρμῇ· ὣς ἐπʼ ἐμοὶ λῖς αἰνὸς ἀπόπροθεν ἀθρόος ἆλτο μαιμώων χροὸς ἆσαι· ἐγὼ δʼ ἑτέρηφι βέλεμνα χειρὶ προεσχεθόμην καὶ ἀπʼ ὤμων δίπλακα λώπην, 255τῇ δʼ ἑτέρῃ ῥόπαλον κόρσης ὕπερ αὖον ἀείρας ἤλασα κὰκ κεφαλῆς, διὰ δʼ ἄνδιχα τρηχὺν ἔαξα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ λασίοιο καρήατος ἀγριέλαιον θηρὸς ἀμαιμακέτοιο· πέσεν δʼ ὅγε πρὶν ἔμʼ ἱκέσθαι ὑψόθεν ἐν γαίῃ, καὶ ἐπὶ τρομεροῖς ποσὶν ἔστη 260νευστάζων κεφαλῇ· περὶ γὰρ σκότος ὄσσέ οἱ ἄμφω ἦλθε, βίῃ σεισθέντος ἐν ὀστέῳ ἐγκεφάλοιο. τὸν μὲν ἐγὼν ὀδύνῃσι παραφρονέοντα βαρείαις νωσάμενος, πρὶν αὖτις ὑπότροπον ἀμπνυνθῆναι, αὐχένος ἀρρήκτοιο παρʼ ἰνίον ἤλασα προφθάς, 265ῥίψας τόξον ἔραζε πολύρραπτόν τε φαρέτρην· ἦγχον δʼ ἐγκρατέως στιβαρὰς σὺν χεῖρας ἐρείσας ἐξόπιθεν, μὴ σάρκας ὑποδρύψῃ ὀνύχεσσι, πρὸς δʼ οὖδας πτέρνῃσι πόδας στερεῶς ἐπίεζον οὐραίους ἐπιβάς, μηροῖσί τε πλεύρʼ ἐφύλασσον, 270μέχρί οἱ ἐξετάνυσσα βραχίονας ὀρθὸν ἀείρας ἄπνευστον, ψυχὴν δὲ πελώριος ἔλλαχεν Ἅιδης.

‘Now this labour did Eurystheus enjoin on me to fulfil the first of all, and bade me slay the dreadful monster. So I took my supple bow, and hollow quiver full of arrows, and set forth; and in my other hand I held my stout club, well balanced, and wrought, with unstripped bark, from a shady wild olive-tree, that I myself had found, under sacred Helicon, and dragged up the whole tree, with the bushy roots. But when I came to the place whereby the lion abode, even then I grasped my bow and slipped the string up to the curved tip, and straightway laid thereon the bitter arrow. Then I cast my eyes on every side, spying for the baneful monster, if perchance I might see him, or ever he saw me. It was now midday, and nowhere might I discern the tracks of the monster, nor hear his roaring. Nay, nor was there one man to be seen with the cattle, and the tillage through all the furrowed lea, of whom I might inquire, but wan fear still held them all within the homesteads. Yet I stayed not in my going, as I quested through the deep-wooded hill, till I beheld him, and instantly essayed my prowess. Now early in the evening he was making for his lair, full fed with blood and flesh, and all his bristling mane was dashed with carnage, and his fierce face, and his breast, and still with his tongue he kept licking his bearded chin. Then instantly I hid me in the dark undergrowth, on the wooded hill, awaiting his approach, and as he came nearer I smote him on the left flank, but all in vain, for naught did the sharp arrow pierce through his flesh, but leaped back, and fell on the green grass. Then quickly he raised his tawny head from the ground, in amaze, glancing all around with his eyes, and with jaws distent he showed his ravenous teeth. Then I launched against him another shaft from the string, in wrath that the former flew vainly from my hand, and I smote him right in the middle of the breast, where the lung is seated, yet not even so did the cruel arrow sink into his hide, but fell before his feet, in vain, to no avail. Then for the third time was I making ready to draw my bow again, in great shame and wrath, but the furious beast glanced his eyes around, and spied me. With his long tail he lashed his flanks, and straightway bethought him of battle. His neck was clothed with wrath, and his tawny hair bristled round his lowering brow, and his spine was curved like a bow, his whole force being gathered up from under towards his flanks and loins. And as when a wainwright, one skilled in many an art, doth bend the saplings of seasoned fig-tree, having first tempered them in the fire, to make tires for the axles of his chariot, and even then the fig-tree wood is like to leap from his hands in the bending, and springs far away at a single bound, even so the dread lion leaped on me from afar, huddled in a heap, and keen to glut him with my flesh. Then with one hand I thrust in front of me my arrows, and the double folded cloak from my shoulder, and with the other raised the seasoned club above my head, and drove at his crest, and even on the shaggy scalp of the insatiate beast brake my grievous cudgel of wild olive-tree. Then or ever he reached me, he fell from his flight, on to the ground, and stood on trembling feet, with wagging head, for darkness gathered about both his eyes, his brain being shaken in his skull with the violence of the blow. Then when I marked how he was distraught with the grievous torment, or ever he could turn and gain breath again, I fell on him, and seized him by the column of his stubborn neck. To earth I cast my bow, and woven quiver, and strangled him with all my force, gripping him with stubborn clasp from the rear, lest he should rend my flesh with his claws, and I sprang on him and kept firmly treading his hind feet into the soil with my heels, while I used his sides to guard my thighs, till I had strained his shoulders utterly, then lifted him up, all breathless,—and Hell took his monstrous life.

272καὶ τότε δὴ βούλευον, ὅπως λασιαύχενα βύρσαν θηρὸς τεθνειῶτος ἀπὸ μελέων ἐρυσαίμην, ἀργαλέον μάλα μόχθον, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἔσκε σιδήρῳ 275τμητὴ οὐδὲ λίθοις πειρωμένῳ, οὐδὲ μὲν ἄλλῃ ἔνθά μοι ἀθανάτων τις ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε νοῆσαι αὐτοῖς δέρμα λέοντος ἀνασχίζειν ὀνύχεσσι. τοῖσι θοῶς ἀπέδειρα, καὶ ἀμφεθέμην μελέεσσιν ἕρκος ἐνυαλίου ταμεσίχροος ἰωχμοῖο. 280οὗτός τοι Νεμέου γένετʼ ὦ φίλε θηρὸς ὄλεθρος, πολλὰ πάρος μήλοις τε καὶ ἀνδράσι κήδεα θέντος.

‘And then at last I took thought how I should strip the rough hide from the dead beast’s limbs, a right hard labour, for it might not be cut with steel, when I tried, nor stone, nor with aught else. Thereon one of the Immortals put into my mind the thought to cleave the lion’s hide with his own claws. With these I speedily flayed it off, and cast it about my limbs, for my defence against the brunt of wounding war.

‘Friend, lo even thus befel the slaying of the Nemean Lion, that aforetime had brought many a bane on flocks and men.’

People and places in this passage

English translation by Andrew Lang (1889). Original text: R. J. Cholmeley (ed.), The Idylls of Theocritus, London: George Bell and Sons, 1901-1919 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.