Euripides · Iphigenia in Tauris Ἰφιγένεια ἐν Ταύροις

Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 570–627a: Second episode: Iphigenia offers to send one captive home with a letter

Orestes says that the so-called wise divinities are as false as winged dreams, and that there is confusion both in divine and human affairs, and he says that his father died, trusting in the words of prophets. Iphigenia says that she wishes to send a letter to a friend in Argos, and that the one who takes it will be saved, as a reward, while the other must be sacrificed, since the city exacts it. Orestes says that Pylades, who sailed with him, must be the one to take it, and that he himself will die.

Lines 570–627a · 559 words · click a number to copy its link
Ὀρέστης 570οὐδʼ οἱ σοφοί γε δαίμονες κεκλημένοι πτηνῶν ὀνείρων εἰσὶν ἀψευδέστεροι. πολὺς ταραγμὸς ἔν τε τοῖς θείοις ἔνι κἀν τοῖς βροτείοις· ἓν δὲ λυπεῖται μόνον, ὃς οὐκ ἄφρων ὢν μάντεων πεισθεὶς λόγοις 575ὄλωλεν — ὡς ὄλωλε τοῖσιν εἰδόσιν. Χορός φεῦ φεῦ· τί δʼ ἡμεῖς οἵ τʼ ἐμοὶ γεννήτορες; ἆρʼ εἰσίν; ἆρʼ οὐκ εἰσί; τίς φράσειεν ἄν;

Orestes And those who are called wise divinities are not less false than winged dreams. There is much confusion, both in divine affairs and in human; but only this is a grief to the one who was not foolish, but trusted in the words of prophets and died—as he died to those that know.

Chorus Leader Ah! What about me, and my parents? Are they alive? Are they not? Who can say?

Ἰφιγένεια 578ἀκούσατʼ· ἐς γὰρ δή τινʼ ἥκομεν λόγον, ὑμῖν τʼ ὄνησιν, ὦ ξένοι, σπουδῆς ἅμα 580κἀμοί. τὸ δʼ εὖ μάλιστά γʼ οὕτω γίγνεται, εἰ πᾶσι ταὐτὸν πρᾶγμʼ ἀρεσκόντως ἔχει. θέλοις ἄν, εἰ σῴσαιμί σʼ, ἀγγεῖλαί τί μοι πρὸς Ἄργος ἐλθὼν τοῖς ἐμοῖς ἐκεῖ φίλοις, δέλτον τʼ ἐνεγκεῖν, ἥν τις οἰκτίρας ἐμὲ 585ἔγραψεν αἰχμάλωτος, οὐχὶ τὴν ἐμὴν φονέα νομίζων χεῖρα, τοῦ νόμου δʼ ὕπο θνῄσκειν τὰ τῆς θεοῦ, τάδε δίκαιʼ ἡγουμένης; οὐδένα γὰρ εἶχον ὅστις ἀγγείλαι μολὼν ἐς Ἄργος αὖθις, τάς τʼ ἐμὰς ἐπιστολὰς 590πέμψειε σωθεὶς τῶν ἐμῶν φίλων τινί. σὺ δʼ — εἶ γάρ, ὡς ἔοικας, οὔτε δυσμενὴς καὶ τὰς Μυκήνας οἶσθα χοὓς κἀγὼ θέλω — σώθητι, καὶ σὺ μισθὸν οὐκ αἰσχρὸν λαβών, κούφων ἕκατι γραμμάτων σωτηρίαν. 595οὗτος δʼ, ἐπείπερ πόλις ἀναγκάζει τάδε, θεᾷ γενέσθω θῦμα χωρισθεὶς σέθεν. Ὀρέστης καλῶς ἔλεξας τἄλλα πλὴν ἕν, ὦ ξένη· τὸ γὰρ σφαγῆναι τόνδε μοι βάρος μέγα. ὁ ναυστολῶν γάρ εἰμʼ ἐγὼ τὰς συμφοράς, 600οὗτος δὲ συμπλεῖ τῶν ἐμῶν μόχθων χάριν. οὔκουν δίκαιον ἐπʼ ὀλέθρῳ τῷ τοῦδʼ ἐμὲ χάριν τίθεσθαι καὐτὸν ἐκδῦναι κακῶν. ἀλλʼ ὣς γενέσθω· τῷδε μὲν δέλτον δίδου· πέμψει γὰρ Ἄργος, ὥστε σοι καλῶς ἔχειν· 605ἡμᾶς δʼ ὁ χρῄζων κτεινέτω. τὰ τῶν φίλων αἴσχιστον ὅστις καταβαλὼν ἐς ξυμφορὰς αὐτὸς σέσῳσται. τυγχάνει δʼ ὅδʼ ὢν φίλος, ὃν οὐδὲν ἧσσον ἢ ʼμὲ φῶς ὁρᾶν θέλω. Ἰφιγένεια ὦ λῆμʼ ἄριστον, ὡς ἀπʼ εὐγενοῦς τινος 610ῥίζης πέφυκας τοῖς φίλοις τʼ ὀρθῶς φίλος. τοιοῦτος εἴη τῶν ἐμῶν ὁμοσπόρων ὅσπερ λέλειπται. καὶ γὰρ οὐδʼ ἐγώ, ξένοι, ἀνάδελφός εἰμι, πλὴν ὅσʼ οὐχ ὁρῶσά νιν. ἐπεὶ δὲ βούλῃ ταῦτα, τόνδε πέμψομεν 615δέλτον φέροντα, σὺ δὲ θανῇ· πολλὴ δέ τις προθυμία σε τοῦδʼ ἔχουσα τυγχάνει.

Iphigenia Listen to me; I have come to a subject which means benefit both to you, strangers, and to me, by your efforts. A good action is especially so, if the same matter is pleasing to all. Would you, if I should save you, go to Argos and take a report of me to my friends there, and bring a tablet, which a captive wrote for me in pity? He did not think my hand murderous, but that the victims of the goddess, who holds these things just, die under the law. For I have had no one to go back to Argos with that message, who, being saved, would send my letter to one of my friends. But you—if, as it seems, you are not hostile to me, and you know Mycenae and those whom I want you to know—be rescued, and have this reward, not a shameful one, safety for the sake of this small letter. But let him, since the city exacts it, be the offering to the goddess, separated from you.

Orestes Stranger, you have spoken all well but this: to sacrifice him would be a heavy grief to me. I am the pilot of these misfortunes, he sailed with me for the sake of my troubles. For it is not right for me to do you a favor and get out of danger, on condition of his death. But let it happen this way: give him the letter and he will take it to Argos, for your well-being; let anyone who wishes kill me. It is most shameful for anyone to save himself by hurling his friends’ affairs into catastrophe. That man is my friend, and I wish him to live, no less than myself.

Iphigenia O brave spirit! How you were born from some noble stock, and are rightly a friend to your friends! May that one of my relatives who is left be such as you! For I am not without a brother, strangers, except in so far as I do not see him. Since you wish it, I will send this man with the tablet, and you will die; a great eagerness for this seems to possess you.

Ὀρέστης 617θύσει δὲ τίς με καὶ τὰ δεινὰ τλήσεται; Ἰφιγένεια ἐγώ· θεᾶς γὰρ τῆσδε προστροπὴν ἔχω. Ὀρέστης ἄζηλά γʼ, ὦ νεᾶνι, κοὐκ εὐδαίμονα. Ἰφιγένεια 620ἀλλʼ εἰς ἀνάγκην κείμεθʼ, ἣν φυλακτέον. Ὀρέστης αὐτὴ ξίφει θύουσα θῆλυς ἄρσενας; Ἰφιγένεια οὔκ, ἀλλὰ χαίτην ἀμφὶ σὴν χερνίψομαι. Ὀρέστης ὁ δὲ σφαγεὺς τίς; εἰ τάδʼ ἱστορεῖν με χρή. Ἰφιγένεια ἔσω δόμων τῶνδʼ εἰσὶν οἷς μέλει τάδε. Ὀρέστης 625τάφος δὲ ποῖος δέξεταί μʼ, ὅταν θάνω; Ἰφιγένεια πῦρ ἱερὸν ἔνδον χάσμα τʼ εὐρωπὸν πέτρας. Ὀρέστης φεῦ· πῶς ἄν μʼ ἀδελφῆς χεὶρ περιστείλειεν ἄν;

Orestes Who will sacrifice me and dare such a dreadful deed?

Iphigenia I will; for I hold the office of this goddess.

Orestes It is not envied, lady, and not blessed.

Iphigenia But I am dedicated to necessity, which must be kept.

Orestes Do you yourself, a woman, sacrifice men with the sword?

Iphigenia No; but I sprinkle the holy water around your hair.

Orestes Who is the slayer? If I may ask this.

Iphigenia That charge belongs to those within this temple.

Orestes What sort of tomb will receive me, when I die?

Iphigenia The sacred fire within and the wide hollow of a cave.

Orestes Ah! Would that my sister’s hand might lay out my body!

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.