Euripides · Orestes Ὀρέστης

Euripides, Orestes 491–543: Second episode: Tyndareus accuses Orestes and tells Menelaus to abandon him

Tyndareus argues that Orestes should have banished his mother, as the law of Hellas required, and not killed her. He asks where the chain of murder for murder would end. He tells Menelaus not to oppose the gods and to leave him to be stoned.

Lines 491–543 · 476 words · click a number to copy its link

Tyndareus

491πρὸς τόνδʼ ἀγὼν τίς ἀσοφίας ἥκει πέρι; εἰ τὰ καλὰ πᾶσι φανερὰ καὶ τὰ μὴ καλά, τούτου τίς ἀνδρῶν ἐγένετʼ ἀσυνετώτερος, ὅστις τὸ μὲν δίκαιον οὐκ ἐσκέψατο 495οὐδʼ ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὸν κοινὸν Ἑλλήνων νόμον; ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἐξέπνευσεν Ἀγαμέμνων βίον πληγεὶς θυγατρὸς τῆς ἐμῆς ὑπὲρ κάρα, αἴσχιστον ἔργον — οὐ γὰρ αἰνέσω ποτέ — 500χρῆν αὐτὸν ἐπιθεῖναι μὲν αἵματος δίκην, ὁσίαν διώκοντʼ, ἐκβαλεῖν τε δωμάτων μητέρα· τὸ σῶφρόν τʼ ἔλαβεν ἀντὶ συμφορᾶς καὶ τοῦ νόμου τʼ ἂν εἴχετʼ εὐσεβής τʼ ἂν ἦν. νῦν δʼ ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν δαίμονʼ ἦλθε μητέρι. 505κακὴν γὰρ αὐτὴν ἐνδίκως ἡγούμενος, αὐτὸς κακίων μητέρʼ ἐγένετο κτανών.

What does a dispute about foolishness have to do with him? If right and wrong are clear to all, who was ever more senseless than this man, because he never weighed the justice of the case, nor appealed to the universal law of Hellas? For instance, when Agamemnon breathed his last a most foul deed, which I will never defend, he should have brought a charge against his mother and inflicted a holy penalty for bloodshed, banishing her from his house; thus he would have gained moderation instead of calamity, keeping strictly to the law and showing his piety as well. As it is, he has come into the same fate as his mother. for though he had just cause for thinking her a wicked woman, he has become more wicked by murdering her.

Τυνδάρεως 507ἐρήσομαι δέ, Μενέλεως, τοσόνδε σε· εἰ τόνδʼ ἀποκτείνειεν ὁμόλεκτρος γυνή, χὡ τοῦδε παῖς αὖ μητέρʼ ἀνταποκτενεῖ, 510κἄπειθʼ ὁ κείνου γενόμενος φόνῳ φόνον λύσει, πέρας δὴ ποῖ κακῶν προβήσεται; καλῶς ἔθεντο ταῦτα πατέρες οἱ πάλαι· ἐς ὀμμάτων μὲν ὄψιν οὐκ εἴων περᾶν οὐδʼ εἰς ἀπάντημʼ, ὅστις αἷμʼ ἔχων κυροῖ, 515φυγαῖσι δʼ ὁσιοῦν, ἀνταποκτείνειν δὲ μή. αἰεὶ γὰρ εἷς ἔμελλʼ ἐνέξεσθαι φόνῳ, τὸ λοίσθιον μίασμα λαμβάνων χεροῖν. ἐγὼ δὲ μισῶ μὲν γυναῖκας ἀνοσίους, πρώτην δὲ θυγατέρʼ, ἣ πόσιν κατέκτανεν· 520Ἑλένην τε, τὴν σὴν ἄλοχον, οὔποτʼ αἰνέσω οὐδʼ ἂν προσείποιμʼ· οὐδὲ σὲ ζηλῶ, κακῆς γυναικὸς ἐλθόνθʼ οὕνεκʼ ἐς Τροίας πέδον. ἀμυνῶ δʼ, ὅσονπερ δυνατός εἰμι, τῷ νόμῳ, τὸ θηριῶδες τοῦτο καὶ μιαιφόνον 525παύων, ὃ καὶ γῆν καὶ πόλεις ὄλλυσʼ ἀεί. ἐπεὶ τίνʼ εἶχες, ὦ τάλας, ψυχὴν τότε, ὅτʼ ἐξέβαλλε μαστὸν ἱκετεύουσά σε μήτηρ; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἰδὼν τἀκεῖ κακά, δακρύοις γέροντʼ ὀφθαλμὸν ἐκτήκω τάλας. 530ἓν δʼ οὖν λόγοισι τοῖς ἐμοῖς ὁμορροθεῖ· μισῇ γε πρὸς θεῶν καὶ τίνεις μητρὸς δίκας, μανίαις ἀλαίνων καὶ φόβοις. τί μαρτύρων ἄλλων ἀκούειν δεῖ μʼ, ἅ γʼ εἰσορᾶν πάρα; ὡς οὖν ἂν εἰδῇς, Μενέλεως, τοῖσιν θεοῖς 535μὴ πρᾶσσʼ ἐναντίʼ, ὠφελεῖν τοῦτον θέλων, ἔα δʼ ὑπʼ ἀστῶν καταφονευθῆναι πέτροις, ἢ μὴ ʼπίβαινε Σπαρτιάτιδος χθονός. θυγάτηρ δʼ ἐμὴ θανοῦσʼ ἔπραξεν ἔνδικα· ἀλλʼ οὐχὶ πρὸς τοῦτʼ εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτὴν θανεῖν. 540ἐγὼ δὲ τἄλλα μακάριος πέφυκʼ ἀνήρ, πλὴν ἐς θυγατέρας· τοῦτο δʼ οὐκ εὐδαιμονῶ. Χορός ζηλωτὸς ὅστις εὐτύχησεν ἐς τέκνα καὶ μὴ ʼπισήμους συμφορὰς ἐκτήσατο.

Tyndareus I will ask you, Menelaus, just one question. If a man’s wedded wife should kill him, and his son in turn will kill his mother in revenge; next the avenger’s son to expiate this murder will commit another: where will the chain of horrors end? Our forefathers settled these matters the right way. They forbade any one with blood upon his hands to appear in their sight or cross their path; but they purified him by exile, they did not kill him in revenge. Otherwise someone, by taking the pollution last upon his hands, is always going to be liable to have his own blood shed. Now I hate wicked women, especially my daughter who killed her husband; Helen, too, your own wife, I will never commend, nor would I even speak to her; and I do not envy you a voyage to Troy for a worthless woman. But the law I will defend with all my might, to put an end to this brutal spirit of murder, which is always the ruin of countries and cities alike. Wretch! Had you no heart when your mother was baring her breast in her appeal to you? I, who did not see that awful deed, weep unhappy tears from my old eyes. One thing at least agrees with what I say: you are hated by the gods, and you pay atonement for your mother by your fits of madness and terror. Why do I need to hear from other witnesses what I can see for myself? Therefore, Menelaus, take heed; do not oppose the gods in your wish to help this man; but leave him to be stoned to death by the citizens, or do not set foot on Spartan land. My daughter is dead, and rightly; but it should not have been his hand that slew her. In all except my daughters I have been a happy man; there I am not blessed.

Chorus Leader He is enviable, who is fortunate in his children, and does not bring hazardous notoriety on himself.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.