Euripides · Alcestis Ἄλκηστις

Euripides, Alcestis 28–76: Prologue: Apollo and Death quarrel over Alcestis

Death arrives and asks Apollo what he is doing at the house, and Apollo asks him to spare Alcestis. Death answers that his right is to take his due and that he will not give her up. Apollo warns that a man is coming who will take her from him by force, and Death goes into the house to claim her.

Lines 28–76 · 507 words · click a number to copy its link

Death

28ἆ ἆ· τί σὺ πρὸς μελάθροις; τί σὺ τῇδε πολεῖς, 30Φοῖβʼ; ἀδικεῖς αὖ τιμὰς ἐνέρων ἀφοριζόμενος καὶ καταπαύων; οὐκ ἤρκεσέ σοι μόρον Ἀδμήτου διακωλῦσαι, Μοίρας δολίῳ σφήλαντι τέχνῃ; νῦν δ’ ἐπὶ τῇδ’ αὖ 35χέρα τοξήρη φρουρεῖς ὁπλίσας, ἣ τόδ’ ὑπέστη πόσιν ἐκλύσασ’ αὐτὴ προθανεῖν Πελίου παῖς.

Ha! What dost thou at this house? why is it thou art ranging here, Phoebus? Once again thou wrongest me, circumscribing and limiting the honours of the nether world. Wert thou not content to hinder the death of Admetus, by thy knavish cunning baulking Destiny? but now again hast thou armed thee with thy bow and art keeping guard o’er her, this daughter of Pelias, who undertook, of her free will, to die for her lord and set him free.

Ἀπόλλων 38θάρσει· δίκην τοι καὶ λόγους κεδνοὺς ἔχω. Θάνατος τί δῆτα τόξων ἔργον, εἰ δίκην ἔχεις; Ἀπόλλων 40σύνηθες αἰεὶ ταῦτα βαστάζειν ἐμοί. Θάνατος καὶ τοῖσδέ γ’ οἴκοις ἐκδίκως προσωφελεῖν. Ἀπόλλων φίλου γὰρ ἀνδρὸς συμφοραῖς βαρύνομαι. Θάνατος καὶ νοσφιεῖς με τοῦδε δευτέρου νεκροῦ; Ἀπόλλων ἀλλ’ οὐδ’ ἐκεῖνον πρὸς βίαν σ’ ἀφειλόμην. Θάνατος 45πῶς οὖν ὑπὲρ γῆς ἐστι κοὐ κάτω χθονός; Ἀπόλλων δάμαρτ’ ἀμείψας, ἣν σὺ νῦν ἥκεις μέτα. Θάνατος κἀπάξομαί γε νερτέρων ὑπὸ χθόνα. Ἀπόλλων λαβὼν ἴθʼ· οὐ γὰρ οἶδ’ ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε. Θάνατος κτείνειν γ’ ὃν ἂν χρῇ; τοῦτο γὰρ τετάγμεθα. Ἀπόλλων 50οὔκ, ἀλλὰ τοῖς μέλλουσι θάνατον ἐμβαλεῖν. Θάνατος ἔχω λόγον δὴ καὶ προθυμίαν σέθεν. Ἀπόλλων ἔστ’ οὖν ὅπως Ἄλκηστις ἐς γῆρας μόλοι; Θάνατος οὐκ ἔστι· τιμαῖς κἀμὲ τέρπεσθαι δόκει. Ἀπόλλων οὔτοι πλέον γ’ ἂν ἢ μίαν ψυχὴν λάβοις. Θάνατος 55νέων φθινόντων μεῖζον ἄρνυμαι γέρας. Ἀπόλλων κἂν γραῦς ὄληται, πλουσίως ταφήσεται. Θάνατος πρὸς τῶν ἐχόντων, Φοῖβε, τὸν νόμον τίθης. Ἀπόλλων πῶς εἶπας; ἀλλ’ ἦ καὶ σοφὸς λέληθας ὤν; Θάνατος ὠνοῖντ’ ἂν οἷς πάρεστι γηραιοὺς θανεῖν. Ἀπόλλων 60οὔκουν δοκεῖ σοι τήνδε μοι δοῦναι χάριν; Θάνατος οὐ δῆτʼ· ἐπίστασαι δὲ τοὺς ἐμοὺς τρόπους. Ἀπόλλων ἐχθρούς γε θνητοῖς καὶ θεοῖς στυγουμένους. Θάνατος οὐκ ἂν δύναιο πάντ’ ἔχειν ἃ μή σε δεῖ. Ἀπόλλων ἦ μὴν σὺ παύσῃ καίπερ ὠμὸς ὢν ἄγαν· 65τοῖος Φέρητος εἶσι πρὸς δόμους ἀνήρ, Εὐρυσθέως πέμψαντος ἵππειον μέτα ὄχημα Θρῄκης ἐκ τόπων δυσχειμέρων, ὃς δὴ ξενωθεὶς τοῖσδ’ ἐν Ἀδμήτου δόμοις βίᾳ γυναῖκα τήνδε σ’ ἐξαιρήσεται. 70κοὔθ’ ἡ παρ’ ἡμῶν σοι γενήσεται χάρις δράσεις θ’ ὁμοίως ταῦτʼ, ἀπεχθήσῃ τ’ ἐμοί. Θάνατος πόλλ’ ἂν σὺ λέξας οὐδὲν ἂν πλέον λάβοις· ἡ δ’ οὖν γυνὴ κάτεισιν εἰς Ἅιδου δόμους. στείχω δ’ ἐπ’ αὐτήν, ὡς κατάρξωμαι ξίφει· 75ἱερὸς γὰρ οὗτος τῶν κατὰ χθονὸς θεῶν ὅτου τόδ’ ἔγχος κρατὸς ἁγνίσῃ τρίχα.

Apollo Never fear; I have, be sure, justice and fair pleas to urge.

Death What has that bow to do, if thou hast justice on thy side?

Apollo ’Tis my habit ever to carry it.

Death Ay, and to help this house more than is right.

Apollo The reason is, I cannot bear a friend’s distress.

Death Wilt rob me of this second corpse likewise?

Apollo Come! I did not take the other from thee by violence.

Death Then how is it he lives above the earth and not beneath?

Apollo He gave his wife instead, her whom now thou art come to fetch.

Death Yea, and I will bear her hence to the nether world.

Apollo Take her and go, for I do not suppose I can persuade thee.

Death To slay my rightful victim? Why, that is my appointed task.

Apollo Nay, but to lay thy deadly hand on those who soon would die.

Death I see thy drift, thy eager plea.

Apollo Is it then possible that Alcestis should attain old age?

Death It is not possible; I too, methinks, find a pleasure in my rights.

Apollo Thou canst not anyhow take more than one life.

Death When young lives die I reap a higher honour.

Apollo Should she die old, a sumptuous funeral will she have.

Death Phoebus, the law thou layest down is all in favour of the rich.

Apollo What mean’st thou? art so wise, and I never knew it?

Death Those who have wealth would buy the chance of their dying old.

Apollo It seems then thou wilt not grant me this favour.

Death Not I; my customs well thou knowest.

Apollo That I do, customs men detest and gods abhor.

Death Thou canst not realise every lawless wish.

Apollo Mark me, thou shalt have a check for all thy excessive fierceness; such a hero shall there come to Pheres’ halls, by Eurystheus sent to fetch a team of steeds from the wintry world of Thrace; he, a guest awhile in these halls of Admetus, will wrest this woman from thee by sheer force. So wilt thou get no thanks from me but yet wilt do this all the same, and earn my hatred too.

Death Thou wilt not gain thy purpose any the more for all thy many words; that woman shall to Hades’ halls go down, I tell thee. Lo! I am going for her, that with the sword I may begin my rites, for he whose hair this sword doth hallow is sacred to the gods below.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.