Euripides · Alcestis Ἄλκηστις

Euripides, Alcestis 747–816: Fifth episode: the Attendant reproaches Heracles for feasting

An Attendant says that he has seen many guests, but never one so shameless as Heracles, who drinks and sings while the house is in mourning. Heracles calls him over and tells him to be cheerful, since life is short, and says that wine and the favour of Cypris are the only things that matter. The Attendant refuses to join in.

Lines 747–816 · 648 words · click a number to copy its link

Attendant

747πολλοὺς μὲν ἤδη κἀπὸ παντοίας χθονὸς ξένους μολόντας οἶδ’ ἐς Ἀδμήτου δόμους, οἷς δεῖπνα προύθηκʼ· ἀλλὰ τοῦδ’ οὔπω ξένου 750κακίον’ ἐς τήνδ’ ἑστίαν ἐδεξάμην. ὃς πρῶτα μὲν πενθοῦντα δεσπότην ὁρῶν ἐσῆλθε κἀτόλμησ’ ἀμείψασθαι πύλας. ἔπειτα δ’ οὔτι σωφρόνως ἐδέξατο τὰ προστυχόντα ξένια, συμφορὰν μαθών, 755ἀλλʼ, εἴ τι μὴ φέροιμεν, ὤτρυνεν φέρειν. ποτῆρα δ’ ἐν χείρεσσι κίσσινον λαβὼν πίνει μελαίνης μητρὸς εὔζωρον μέθυ, ἕως ἐθέρμην’ αὐτὸν ἀμφιβᾶσα φλὸξ οἴνου· στέφει δὲ κρᾶτα μυρσίνης κλάδοις 760ἄμουσ’ ὑλακτῶν· δισσὰ δ’ ἦν μέλη κλύειν· ὃ μὲν γὰρ ᾖδε, τῶν ἐν Ἀδμήτου κακῶν οὐδὲν προτιμῶν, οἰκέται δ’ ἐκλαίομεν δέσποιναν· ὄμμα δ’ οὐκ ἐδείκνυμεν ξένῳ τέγγοντες· Ἄδμητος γὰρ ὧδ’ ἐφίετο. 765καὶ νῦν ἐγὼ μὲν ἐν δόμοισιν ἑστιῶ ξένον, πανοῦργον κλῶπα καὶ λῃστήν τινα, ἣ δ’ ἐκ δόμων βέβηκεν, οὐδ’ ἐφεσπόμην οὐδ’ ἐξέτεινα χεῖρʼ, ἀποιμώζων ἐμὴν δέσποιναν, ἣ ’μοὶ πᾶσί τ’ οἰκέταισιν ἦν 770μήτηρ· κακῶν γὰρ μυρίων ἐρρύετο, ὀργὰς μαλάσσουσ’ ἀνδρός. ἆρα τὸν ξένον στυγῶ δικαίως, ἐν κακοῖς ἀφιγμένον;

Many the guests ere now from every comer of the world I have seen come to the halls of Admetus, for whom I have spread the board, but never yet have I welcomed to this hearth a guest so shameless as this; a man who, in the first place, though he saw my master’s grief, yet entered and presumed to pass the gates, then took what cheer we had in no sober spirit, though he knew our sorrow; no! was there aught we failed to bring? he called for it. Next in his hands he took a goblet of ivy-wood and drank the pure juice of the black grape, till the mounting fumes of wine heated him, and he crowned his head with myrtle-sprays, howling discordantly, while two-fold strains were there to hear, for he would sing without a thought for the troubles in Admetus’ halls, while we servants mourned our mistress, though we did not let the stranger see our streaming eyes, for such was the bidding of Admetus. So now here am I entertaining as a guest some miscreant thief maybe, or robber, while she is gone forth from the house, nor did I follow her nor stretch my hand towards her bier, in mourning for my lady, who, to me, and all her servants, was a mother, for she would save us from countless trouble, appeasing her husband’s angry mood. Have I not good cause then to loathe this guest who cometh in our hour of woe?

Ἡρακλῆς 773οὗτος, τί σεμνὸν καὶ πεφροντικὸς βλέπεις; οὐ χρὴ σκυθρωπὸν τοῖς ξένοις τὸν πρόσπολον 775εἶναι, δέχεσθαι δ’ εὐπροσηγόρῳ φρενί. σὺ δ’ ἄνδρ’ ἑταῖρον δεσπότου παρόνθ’ ὁρῶν, στυγνῷ προσώπῳ καὶ συνωφρυωμένῳ δέχῃ, θυραίου πήματος σπουδὴν ἔχων. δεῦρ’ ἔλθʼ, ὅπως ἂν καὶ σοφώτερος γένῃ. 780τὰ θνητὰ πράγματ’ οἶδας ἣν ἔχει φύσιν; οἶμαι μὲν οὔ· πόθεν γάρ; ἀλλ’ ἄκουέ μου. βροτοῖς ἅπασι κατθανεῖν ὀφείλεται, κοὐκ ἔστι θνητῶν ὅστις ἐξεπίσταται τὴν αὔριον μέλλουσαν εἰ βιώσεται· 785τὸ τῆς τύχης γὰρ ἀφανὲς οἷ προβήσεται, κἄστ’ οὐ διδακτὸν οὐδ’ ἁλίσκεται τέχνῃ. ταῦτ’ οὖν ἀκούσας καὶ μαθὼν ἐμοῦ πάρα, εὔφραινε σαυτόν, πῖνε, τὸν καθ’ ἡμέραν βίον λογίζου σόν, τὰ δ’ ἄλλα τῆς τύχης. 790τίμα δὲ καὶ τὴν πλεῖστον ἡδίστην θεῶν Κύπριν βροτοῖσιν· εὐμενὴς γὰρ ἡ θεός. τὰ δ’ ἄλλ’ ἔασον ταῦτα καὶ πιθοῦ λόγοις ἐμοῖσιν—εἴπερ ὀρθά σοι δοκῶ λέγειν; οἶμαι μέν. οὔκουν τὴν ἄγαν λύπην ἀφεὶς 795πίῃ μεθ’ ἡμῶν τάσδ’ ὑπερβαλὼν τύχας, στεφάνοις πυκασθείς; καὶ σάφ’ οἶδ’ ὁθούνεκα τοῦ νῦν σκυθρωποῦ καὶ ξυνεστῶτος φρενῶν μεθορμιεῖ σε πίτυλος ἐμπεσὼν σκύφου. ὄντας δὲ θνητοὺς θνητὰ καὶ φρονεῖν χρεών· 800ὡς τοῖς γε σεμνοῖς καὶ συνωφρυωμένοις ἅπασίν ἐστιν, ὥς γ’ ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ, οὐ βίος ἀληθῶς ὁ βίος, ἀλλὰ συμφορά. Θεράπων ἐπιστάμεσθα ταῦτα· νῦν δὲ πράσσομεν οὐχ οἷα κώμου καὶ γέλωτος ἄξια. Ἡρακλῆς 805γυνὴ θυραῖος ἡ θανοῦσα· μὴ λίαν πένθει· δόμων γὰρ ζῶσι τῶνδε δεσπόται. Θεράπων τί ζῶσιν; οὐ κάτοισθα τἀν δόμοις κακά; Ἡρακλῆς εἰ μή τι σός με δεσπότης ἐψεύσατο. Θεράπων ἄγαν ἐκεῖνός ἐστ’ ἄγαν φιλόξενος. Ἡρακλῆς 810οὐ χρῆν μ’ ὀθνείου γ’ οὕνεκ’ εὖ πάσχειν νεκροῦ; Θεράπων ἦ κάρτα μέντοι καὶ λίαν θυραῖος ἦν. Ἡρακλῆς μῶν ξυμφοράν τιν’ οὖσαν οὐκ ἔφραζέ μοι; Θεράπων χαίρων ἴθʼ· ἡμῖν δεσποτῶν μέλει κακά. Ἡρακλῆς ὅδ’ οὐ θυραίων πημάτων ἄρχει λόγος. Θεράπων 815οὐ γάρ τι κωμάζοντ’ ἂν ἠχθόμην σ’ ὁρῶν.

Heracles Ho! sirrah, why that solemn, thoughtful look? ’Tis not the way for servants to scowl on guests, but with courteous soul to welcome them. But thou, seeing a friend of thy master arrive, receivest him with sullen, lowering brow, though ’tis but a stranger that is the object of thy mourning. Come hither, that thou too mayst learn more wisdom. Dost know the nature of this mortal state? I trow not; how shouldst thou? Well, lend an ear to me. Death is the common debt of man; no mortal really knows if he will live to see the morrow’s light; for Fortune’s issues are not in our ken, beyond the teacher’s rule they lie, no art can master them. Hearken then to this and learn of me, be merry, drink thy cup, and count the present day thine own, the rest to Fortune yield. And to Cypris too, sweetest of the gods by far to man, thy tribute pay, for kindly is her mood. Let be those other cares, and heed my counsel if thou think’st I speak aright; methinks I do. Come, banish this excessive grief, and drink a cup with me when thou hast passed beyond these doors and wreathed thy brow; and I feel sure the plash of wine within the cup will bring thee to a better haven from this crabbed mood, this cabined state of mind. Mortals we are, and mortals’ thoughts should have; for all they who frown and scowl do miss,—leastways I think so,—the true life and get themselves misfortune.

Attendant I know all that, but our present state has little claim on revelry or laughter.

Heracles The dead was a stranger woman; grieve not to excess; for the rulers of thy house are living.

Attendant How, living? Thou knowest not the trouble in the house.

Heracles I do, unless thy master did in aught deceive me.

Attendant Too hospitable is he.

Heracles Was I to miss good cheer because a stranger had died?

Attendant A stranger surely! quite a stranger she!

Heracles Is there some trouble that he withheld from me?

Attendant Farewell, go thy way! my master’s troubles are my care.

Heracles This word of thine heralds not a grief for strangers felt.

Attendant Had it been, the sight of thy merriment had not grieved me so.

Heracles

816ἀλλ’ ἦ πέπονθα δείν’ ὑπὸ ξένων ἐμῶν;

Can it be mine host hath strangely wronged me?

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English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.