Sophocles · Philoctetes Φιλοκτήτης

Sophocles, Philoctetes 1–85: Prologue: Odysseus and Neoptolemus on Lemnos

Odysseus shows Neoptolemus the deserted shore of Lemnos where, ten years before, on the command of the chiefs, he left Philoctetes, whose foot was running with a gnawing disease and whose cries made it impossible to hold sacrifice. They find his cave, with its leaf bed, its wooden cup and its rags drying in the sun, and Odysseus sends a sailor to watch for the man. He tells Neoptolemus that he must cheat Philoctetes with a false story, in which he claims to hate the Greeks for giving his father's arms to Odysseus, in order to steal the bow.

Lines 1–85 · 887 words · click a number to copy its link

Odysseus

1ἀκτὴ μὲν ἥδε τῆς περιρρύτου χθονὸς Λήμνου, βροτοῖς ἄστιπτος οὐδʼ οἰκουμένη, ἔνθʼ, ὦ κρατίστου πατρὸς Ἑλλήνων τραφεὶς Ἀχιλλέως παῖ Νεοπτόλεμε, τὸν Μηλιᾶ 5Ποίαντος υἱὸν ἐξέθηκʼ ἐγώ ποτε, ταχθεὶς τόδʼ ἔρδειν τῶν ἀνασσόντων ὕπο, νόσῳ καταστάζοντα διαβόρῳ πόδα· ὅτʼ οὔτε λοιβῆς ἡμὶν οὔτε θυμάτων παρῆν ἑκήλοις προσθιγεῖν, ἀλλʼ ἀγρίαις 10κατεῖχʼ ἀεὶ πᾶν στρατόπεδον δυσφημίαις, βοῶν, στενάζων. ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν τί δεῖ λέγειν; ἀκμὴ γὰρ οὐ μακρῶν ἡμῖν λόγων, μὴ καὶ μάθῃ μʼ ἥκοντα κἀκχέω τὸ πᾶν σόφισμα, τῷ νιν αὐτίχʼ αἱρήσειν δοκῶ. 15ἀλλʼ ἔργον ἤδη σὸν τὰ λοίφʼ ὑπηρετεῖν σκοπεῖν θʼ ὅπου ʼστʼ ἐνταῦθα δίστομος πέτρα τοιάδʼ, ἵνʼ ἐν ψύχει μὲν ἡλίου διπλῆ πάρεστιν ἐνθάκησις, ἐν θέρει δʼ ὕπνον διʼ ἀμφιτρῆτος αὐλίου πέμπει πνοή· 20βαιὸν δʼ ἔνερθεν ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς τάχʼ ἂν ἴδοις ποτὸν κρηναῖον, εἴπερ ἐστὶ σῶν. ἅ μοι προσελθὼν σῖγα σήμαινʼ εἴτʼ ἐκεῖ χῶρον τὸν αὐτὸν τόνδʼ ἔτʼ εἴτʼ ἄλλῃ κυρεῖ, ὡς τἀπίλοιπα τῶν λόγων σὺ μὲν κλύῃς, 25ἐγὼ δὲ φράζω, κοινὰ δʼ ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἴῃ.

This is the headland of sea-washed Lemnos, land untrodden by men and desolate. It was here, child bred of the man who was the noblest of the Greeks, Neoptolemus son of Achilles, that I exposed long ago the native of Malis, Poeas’ son, on the express command of the two chieftains to do so, because his foot was all running with a gnawing disease. Neither libation nor burnt sacrifice could be attempted by us in peace, but with his wild, ill-omened cries he filled the whole camp continually with shrieking, moaning. But what need is there to speak of that? The time is not ripe for too many words, lest he even learn that I am here, and I so waste the whole ruse whereby I think soon to take him. Come, it is your task to serve as my ally in what remains, and to seek where in this region there is a cave with two mouths. During cold weather it provides two seats facing the sun, while in summer a breeze wafts sleep through the tunnelled chamber. And a little below, on the left hand, perhaps, you will see water rising from a spring, if it has not failed. Go there silently, and signal to me whether he still dwells in this same place, or is to be found elsewhere, so that the rest of my plan may be explained by me, heard by you, and sped by the joint effort of us both.

Νεοπτόλεμος 26ἄναξ Ὀδυσσεῦ, τοὔργον οὐ μακρὰν λέγεις· δοκῶ γὰρ οἷον εἶπας ἄντρον εἰσορᾶν. Ὀδυσσεύς ἄνωθεν ἢ κάτωθεν; οὐ γὰρ ἐννοῶ. Νεοπτόλεμος τόδʼ ἐξύπερθε· καὶ στίβου γʼ οὐδεὶς κτύπος. Ὀδυσσεύς 30ὅρα καθʼ ὕπνον μὴ καταυλισθεὶς κυρεῖ. Νεοπτόλεμος ὁρῶ κενὴν οἴκησιν ἀνθρώπων δίχα. Ὀδυσσεύς οὐδʼ ἔνδον οἰκοποιός ἐστί τις τροφή; Νεοπτόλεμος στιπτή γε φυλλὰς ὡς ἐναυλίζοντί τῳ. Ὀδυσσεύς τὰ δʼ ἄλλʼ ἔρημα, κοὐδέν ἐσθʼ ὑπόστεγον; Νεοπτόλεμος 35αὐτόξυλόν γʼ ἔκπωμα, φλαυρουργοῦ τινος τεχνήματʼ ἀνδρός, καὶ πυρεῖʼ ὁμοῦ τάδε. Ὀδυσσεύς κείνου τὸ θησαύρισμα σημαίνεις τόδε. Νεοπτόλεμος ἰοὺ ἰού· καὶ ταῦτά γʼ ἄλλα θάλπεται ῥάκη, βαρείας του νοσηλείας πλέα. Ὀδυσσεύς 40ἁνὴρ κατοικεῖ τούσδε τοὺς τόπους σαφῶς, κἄστʼ οὐχ ἑκάς που· πῶς γὰρ ἂν νοσῶν ἀνὴρ κῶλον παλαιᾷ κηρὶ προσβαίη μακράν; ἀλλʼ ἢ ʼπὶ φορβῆς νόστον ἐξελήλυθεν ἢ φύλλον εἴ τι νώδυνον κάτοιδέ που. 45τὸν οὖν παρόντα πέμψον εἰς κατασκοπήν, μὴ καὶ λάθῃ με προσπεσών· ὡς μᾶλλον ἂν ἕλοιτό μʼ ἢ τοὺς πάντας Ἀργείους λαβεῖν. Νεοπτόλεμος ἀλλʼ ἔρχεταί τε καὶ φυλάξεται στίβος. σὺ δʼ, εἴ τι χρῄζεις, φράζε δευτέρῳ λόγῳ. Ὀδυσσεύς 50Ἀχιλλέως παῖ, δεῖ σʼ ἐφʼ οἷς ἐλήλυθας γενναῖον εἶναι, μὴ μόνον τῷ σώματι, ἀλλʼ ἤν τι καινὸν ὧν πρὶν οὐκ ἀκήκοας κλύῃς, ὑπουργεῖν, ὡς ὑπηρέτης πάρει.

Neoptolemus King Odysseus, the completion of the task that you set me is not far off, for I believe I see a cave like that which you have described.

Odysseus Above you, or below? I do not see it.

Neoptolemus Here, high up—and of footfalls there is not a sound.

Odysseus See that he is not sheltered there asleep.

Neoptolemus I see an empty dwelling, without occupants.

Odysseus And is there no provision inside for human habitation?

Neoptolemus There is—a bed of leaves, as if for some one who makes his lodging here.

Odysseus And all else is bare? There is nothing else beneath the roof?

Neoptolemus Just a cup of bare wood, the masterpiece of a sorry craftsman, and with it these tools for kindling.

Odysseus His is the store that you describe.

Neoptolemus Ha! Yes, and here besides are some rags drying in the sun, stained by some severe infection.

Odysseus The man inhabits these regions, clearly, and is somewhere not far off. How could he go far afield when his foot is maimed by that old plague? No, he has gone out in quest of food, or of some soothing herb that he may have noted somewhere. Send your attendant, therefore, to keep watch, lest he come upon me unawares, since he would rather take me than all the Greeks together.

Neoptolemus The man is going, and the path will be watched. And now, if you need anything else, say so.

Odysseus Son of Achilles, you must be loyal to the goals of your mission—and not with your body alone. Should you hear some new plan unknown to you till now, you must serve it, since it is to serve that you are here.

Νεοπτόλεμος 54τί δῆτʼ ἄνωγας; Ὀδυσσεύς τὴν Φιλοκτήτου σε δεῖ 55ψυχὴν ὅπως δόλοισιν ἐκκλέψεις λέγων. ὅταν σʼ ἐρωτᾷ τίς τε καὶ πόθεν πάρει, λέγειν, Ἀχιλλέως παῖς· τόδʼ οὐχὶ κλεπτέον· πλεῖς δʼ ὡς πρὸς οἶκον, ἐκλιπὼν τὸ ναυτικὸν στράτευμʼ Ἀχαιῶν, ἔχθος ἐχθήρας μέγα, 60οἵ σʼ ἐν λιταῖς στείλαντες ἐξ οἴκων μολεῖν, μόνην ἔχοντες τήνδʼ ἅλωσιν Ἰλίου, οὐκ ἠξίωσαν τῶν Ἀχιλλείων ὅπλων ἐλθόντι δοῦναι κυρίως αἰτουμένῳ, ἀλλʼ αὔτʼ Ὀδυσσεῖ παρέδοσαν· λέγων ὅσʼ ἂν 65θέλῃς καθʼ ἡμῶν ἔσχατʼ ἐσχάτων κακά. τούτῳ γὰρ οὐδέν μʼ ἀλγυνεῖς· εἰ δʼ ἐργάσει μὴ ταῦτα, λύπην πᾶσιν Ἀργείοις βαλεῖς. εἰ γὰρ τὰ τοῦδε τόξα μὴ ληφθήσεται, οὐκ ἔστι πέρσαι σοι τὸ Δαρδάνου πέδον. 70ὡς δʼ ἔστʼ ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐχί, σοὶ δʼ ὁμιλία πρὸς τόνδε πιστὴ καὶ βέβαιος, ἔκμαθε. σὺ μὲν πέπλευκας οὔτʼ ἔνορκος οὐδενὶ οὔτʼ ἐξ ἀνάγκης οὔτε τοῦ πρώτου στόλου· ἐμοὶ δὲ τούτων οὐδέν ἐστʼ ἀρνήσιμον. 75ὥστʼ εἴ με τόξων ἐγκρατὴς αἰσθήσεται, ὄλωλα καὶ σὲ προσδιαφθερῶ ξυνών. ἀλλʼ αὐτὸ τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι, κλοπεὺς ὅπως γενήσει τῶν ἀνικήτων ὅπλων. ἔξοιδα, παῖ, φύσει σε μὴ πεφυκότα 80τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν μηδὲ τεχνᾶσθαι κακά· ἀλλʼ ἡδὺ γάρ τι κτῆμα τῆς νίκης λαβεῖν, τόλμα· δίκαιοι δʼ αὖθις ἐκφανούμεθα. νῦν δʼ εἰς ἀναιδὲς ἡμέρας μέρος βραχὺ δός μοι σεαυτόν, κᾆτα τὸν λοιπὸν χρόνον 85κέκλησο πάντων εὐσεβέστατος βροτῶν.

Neoptolemus Then what are your orders?

Odysseus You must cheat the mind of Philoctetes by means of a story told as you converse with him. When he asks you who and from where you are, say that you are the son of Achilles—it is not in that detail that you will cheat him. But tell him you are sailing homeward, and have left the fleet of the Achaean warriors, after coming to hate them with unbounded hatred. Give him this reason: when, with no other hope of taking Ilium, they had summoned you by their prayers to come from home, they judged you not worthy of the arms of Achilles, not worthy to receive them—even though you had come and were claiming them by right—but instead handed them over to Odysseus. Say what you will of me—even the vilest of vile insults. You will not harm me at all by that. But if you fail to do as I say, you will inflict pain on all the Argives, for if that man’s bow is not seized, you can never sack the realm of Dardanus. And learn why your intercourse with him may be free from mistrust and danger, while mine cannot. You have sailed to Troy under no oath to any man, nor under any constraint. Neither did you have any part in the earlier expedition. I, however, can deny none of these things. Accordingly, if he perceives me while he is still master of his bow, I am dead, and you, as my comrade, will share my doom. No, the thing for which we must devise a ruse is just this: how you may steal his invincible weapons. Well I know, my son, that by nature you are not apt to utter or contrive such treachery. Yet knowing that victory is a sweet prize to gain, steel yourself to do it. Our honesty shall be displayed another time. Now, however, give yourself to me for one brief, shameless day, and then for the rest of time may you be called the most righteous of all humankind.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1898). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Philoctetes, Cambridge University Press, 1898 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Philoctetes 1–85: Odysseus and Neoptolemus on Lemnos