Aristophanes · Birds Ὄρνιθες

Aristophanes, Birds 682–722: Parabasis: Chaos, Love and the birth of the birds

The Chorus call on frail, short-lived men to listen to the birds and learn about Chaos, Darkness, Night and Tartarus. They sing that Love was hatched from an egg laid by Night and gave birth to the birds, who are therefore older than the gods. They add that the birds assist lovers, mark the seasons for the farmer and the sailor, and are the true oracles of men, since a sneeze, a rumour or a servant may all be called a bird.

Lines 682–722 · 614 words · click a number to copy its link

CHORUS

682ἀλλʼ ὦ καλλιβόαν κρέκουσʼ αὐλὸν φθέγμασιν ἠρινοῖς, ἄρχου τῶν ἀναπαίστων. 685ἄγε δὴ φύσιν ἄνδρες ἀμαυρόβιοι, φύλλων γενεᾷ προσόμοιοι, ὀλιγοδρανέες, πλάσματα πηλοῦ, σκιοειδέα φῦλʼ ἀμενηνά, ἀπτῆνες ἐφημέριοι ταλαοὶ βροτοὶ ἀνέρες εἰκελόνειροι, προσέχετε τὸν νοῦν τοῖς ἀθανάτοις ἡμῖν τοῖς αἰὲν ἐοῦσιν, τοῖς αἰθερίοις τοῖσιν ἀγήρῳς τοῖς ἄφθιτα μηδομένοισιν, 690ἵνʼ ἀκούσαντες πάντα παρʼ ἡμῶν ὀρθῶς περὶ τῶν μετεώρων.

Ye men who are dimly existing below, who perish and fade as the leaf, Pale, woebegone, shadowlike, spiritless folk, life feeble and wingless and brief, Frail castings in clay, who are gone in a day, like a dream full of sorrow and sighing, Come listen with care to the Birds of the air, the ageless, the deathless, who flying In the joy and the freshness of Ether, are wont to muse upon wisdom undying. "We will tell you of things transcendental; of Springs and of Rivers the mighty upheaval; The nature of Birds; and the birth of the Gods: and of Chaos and Darkness primeval. When this ye shall know, let old Prodicus go, and be hanged without hope of reprieval.

CHORUS

691φύσιν οἰωνῶν γένεσίν τε θεῶν ποταμῶν τʼ Ἐρέβους τε Χάους τε εἰδότες ὀρθῶς, Προδίκῳ παρʼ ἐμοῦ κλάειν εἴπητε τὸ λοιπόν. Χάος ἦν καὶ Νὺξ Ἔρεβός τε μέλαν πρῶτον καὶ Τάρταρος εὐρύς, γῆ δʼ οὐδʼ ἀὴρ οὐδʼ οὐρανὸς ἦν· Ἐρέβους δʼ ἐν ἀπείροσι κόλποις 695τίκτει πρώτιστον ὑπηνέμιον Νὺξ ἡ μελανόπτερος ᾠόν, ἐξ οὖ περιτελλομέναις ὥραις ἔβλαστεν Ἔρως ὁ ποθεινός, στίλβων νῶτον πτερύγοιν χρυσαῖν, εἰκὼς ἀνεμώκεσι δίναις. οὗτος δὲ Χάει πτερόεντι μιγεὶς νυχίῳ κατὰ Τάρταρον εὐρὺν ἐνεόττευσεν γένος ἡμέτερον, καὶ πρῶτον ἀνήγαγεν ἐς φῶς. 700πρότερον δʼ οὐκ ἦν γένος ἀθανάτων, πρὶν Ἔρως ξυνέμειξεν ἅπαντα·

There was Chaos at first, and Darkness, and Night, and Tartarus vasty and dismal; But the Earth was not there, nor the Sky, nor the Air, till at length in the bosom abysmal Of Darkness an egg, from the whirlwind conceived, was laid by the sable-plumed Night. And out of that egg, as the Seasons revolved, sprang Love, the entrancing, the bright, Love brilliant and bold with his pinions of gold, like a whirlwind, refulgent and sparkling! Love hatched us, commingling in Tartarus wide, with Chaos, the murky, the darkling, And brought us above, as the firstlings of love, and first to the light we ascended. There was never a race of Immortals at all till Love had the universe blended; Then all things commingling together in love, there arose the fair Earth, and the Sky, And the limitless Sea; and the race of the Gods, the Blessed, who never shall die.

CHORUS

701ξυμμιγνυμένων δʼ ἑτέρων ἑτέροις γένετʼ οὐρανὸς ὠκεανός τε καὶ γῆ πάντων τε θεῶν μακάρων γένος ἄφθιτον. ὦδε μέν ἐσμεν πολὺ πρεσβύτατοι πάντων μακάρων. ἡμεῖς δʼ ὡς ἐσμὲν Ἔρωτος πολλοῖς δῆλον· πετόμεσθά τε γὰρ καὶ τοῖσιν ἐρῶσι σύνεσμεν· 705πολλοὺς δὲ καλοὺς ἀπομωμοκότας παῖδας πρὸς τέρμασιν ὥρας διὰ τὴν ἰσχὺν τὴν ἡμετέραν διεμήρισαν ἄνδρες ἐρασταί, ὁ μὲν ὄρτυγα δοὺς ὁ δὲ πορφυρίωνʼ ὁ δὲ χῆνʼ ὁ δὲ Περσικὸν ὄρνιν. πάντα δὲ θνητοῖς ἐστὶν ἀφʼ ἡμῶν τῶν ὀρνίθων τὰ μέγιστα. πρῶτα μὲν ὥρας φαίνομεν ἡμεῖς ἦρος χειμῶνος ὀπώρας· 710σπείρειν μέν, ὅταν γέρανος κρώζουσʼ ἐς τὴν Λιβύην μεταχωρῇ.

So we than the Blessed are older by far; and abundance of proof is existing That we are the children of Love, for we fly, unfortunate lovers assisting. And many a man who has found, to his cost, that his powers of persuasion have failed, And his loves have abjured him for ever, again by the power of the Birds has prevailed; For the gift of a quail, or a Porphyry rail, or a Persian, or goose, will regain them. And the chiefest of blessings ye mortals enjoy, by the help of the Birds ye obtain them. ’Tis from us that the signs of the Seasons in turn, Spring, Winter, and Autumn are known. When to Libya the crane flies clanging again, it is time for the seed to be sown, And the skipper may hang up his rudder awhile, and sleep after all his exertions, And Orestes may weave him a wrap to be warm when he’s out on his thievish excursions.

CHORUS

711καὶ πηδάλιον τότε ναυκλήρῳ φράζει κρεμάσαντι καθεύδειν, εἶτα δʼ Ὀρέστῃ χλαῖναν ὑφαίνειν, ἵνα μὴ ῥιγῶν ἀποδύῃ. ἰκτῖνος δʼ αὖ μετὰ ταῦτα φανεὶς ἑτέραν ὥραν ἀποφαίνει, ἡνίκα πεκτεῖν ὥρα προβάτων πόκον ἠρινόν· εἶτα χελιδών, 715ὅτε χρὴ χλαῖναν πωλεῖν ἤδη καὶ ληδάριόν τι πρίασθαι. ἐσμὲν δʼ ὑμῖν Ἄμμων Δελφοὶ Δωδώνη Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων. ἐλθόντες γὰρ πρῶτον ἐπʼ ὄρνις οὕτω πρὸς ἅπαντα τρέπεσθε, πρός τʼ ἐμπορίαν, καὶ πρὸς βιότου κτῆσιν, καὶ πρὸς γάμον ἀνδρός.

Then cometh the kite, with its hovering flight, of the advent of Spring to tell, And the Spring sheep-shearing begins; and next, your woollen attire you sell, And buy you a lighter and daintier garb, when you note the return of the swallow. Yes, your Ammon, Dodona, and Delphi are we; we are also your Phoebus Apollo. For whatever you do, if a trade you pursue, or goods in the market are buying, the wedding attend of a neighbour and friend, first you look to the Birds and their flying. And whene’er you of omen or augury speak, ’tis a bird you are always repeating; Rumour’s a bird, and a sneeze is a bird, and so is a word or a meeting,

CHORUS

719ὄρνιν τε νομίζετε πάνθʼ ὅσαπερ περὶ μαντείας διακρίνει· 720φήμη γʼ ὑμῖν ὄρνις ἐστί, πταρμόν τʼ ὄρνιθα καλεῖτε, ξύμβολον ὄρνιν, φωνὴν ὄρνιν, θεράποντʼ ὄρνιν, ὄνον ὄρνιν. ἆρʼ οὐ φανερῶς ἡμεῖς ὑμῖν ἐσμὲν μαντεῖος Ἀπόλλων;

A servant’s a bird, and an ass is a bird. It must therefore assuredly follow That the birds are to you (I protest it is true) your prophetic divining Apollo. Then take us for Gods, as is proper and fit, And Muses Prophetic ye’ll have at your call Spring, winter, and summer, and autumn and all.

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English translation by Benjamin Bickley Rogers (1906). Original text: Greek text: F. W. Hall and W. M. Geldart (eds.), Aristophanis Comoediae, Oxford Classical Texts, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-1907, as digitised by Perseus. English: Benjamin Bickley Rogers, The Birds of Aristophanes, London: George Bell and Sons, 1906.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, Greek: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain (Rogers). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.