Aristophanes · Birds Ὄρνιθες

Aristophanes, Birds 328–445: Episode: the birds attack, then agree to listen

The Chorus complain that the Hoopoe has broken his oaths and led them into the snares of Man, and they prepare to attack. Peisthetaerus and Euelpides arm themselves with a pot, a spit and a platter, and Peisthetaerus says that if they die they will be buried in the Cerameicus. The Hoopoe pleads that a foe can teach as much as a friend, and the Chorus agree to stand down. Peisthetaerus will not speak until they swear not to bite him, and they take the oath.

Lines 328–445 · 1007 words · click a number to copy its link
Χορός 328προδεδόμεθʼ ἀνόσιά τʼ ἐπάθομεν· ὃς γὰρ φίλος ἦν ὁμότροφά θʼ ἡμῖν 330ἐνέμετο πεδία παρʼ ἡμῖν, παρέβη μὲν θεσμοὺς ἀρχαίους, παρέβη δʼ ὅρκους ὀρνίθων· ἐς δὲ δόλον ἐκάλεσε, παρέβαλέ τʼ ἐμὲ παρὰ γένος ἀνόσιον, ὅπερ ἐξότʼ ἐγένετʼ ἐπʼ ἐμοὶ 335πολέμιον ἐτράφη. ἀλλὰ πρὸς τοῦτον μὲν ἡμῖν ἐστιν ὕστερος λόγος· τὼ δὲ πρεσβύτα δοκεῖ μοι τώδε δοῦναι τὴν δίκην διαφορηθῆναί θʼ ὑφʼ ἡμῶν. Πισθέταιρος ὡς ἀπωλόμεσθʼ ἄρα. Ἐυελπίδης αἴτιος μέντοι σὺ νῷν εἶ τῶν κακῶν τούτων μόνος. 340ἐπὶ τί γάρ μʼ ἐκεῖθεν ἦγες; Πισθέταιρος ἵνʼ ἀκολουθοίης ἐμοί. Ἐυελπίδης ἵνα μὲν οὖν κλάοιμι μεγάλα. Πισθέταιρος τοῦτο μὲν ληρεῖς ἔχων κάρτα· πῶς κλαύσει γάρ, ἢν ἅπαξ γε τὠφθαλμὼ ʼκκοπῇς; Χορός ἰὼ ἰώ, ἔπαγʼ ἔπιθʼ ἐπίφερε πολέμιον 345ὁρμὰν φονίαν, πτέρυγά τε παντᾷ ἐπίβαλε περί τε κύκλωσαι· ὡς δεῖ τώδʼ οἰμώζειν ἄμφω καὶ δοῦναι ῥύγχει φορβάν. οὔτε γὰρ ὄρος σκιερὸν οὔτε νέφος αἰθέριον 350οὔτε πολιὸν πέλαγος ἔστιν ὅ τι δέξεται τώδʼ ἀποφυγόντε με.

CHORUS He has broken every oath, and his holy plighted troth, And the old social customs of our clan. He has led us unawares into wiles, and into snares, He has given us a prey, all helpless and forlorn, To those who were our foes from the time that they were born, To vile and abominable Man!

Χορός 352ἀλλὰ μὴ μέλλωμεν ἤδη τώδε τίλλειν καὶ δάκνειν. ποῦ ʼσθʼ ὁ ταξίαρχος; ἐπαγέτω τὸ δεξιὸν κέρας. Ἐυελπίδης τοῦτʼ ἐκεῖνο· ποῖφύγω δύστηνος; Πισθέταιρος οὗτος οὐ μενεῖς; Ἐυελπίδης 355ἵνʼ ὑπὸ τούτων διαφορηθῶ; Πισθέταιρος πῶς γὰρ ἂν τούτους δοκεῖς ἐκφυγεῖν; Ἐυελπίδης οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅπως ἄν. Πισθέταιρος ἀλλʼ ἐγώ τοί σοι λέγω, ὅτι μένοντε δεῖ μάχεσθαι λαμβάνειν τε τῶν χυτρῶν. Ἐυελπίδης τί δὲ χύτρα νώ γʼ ὠφελήσει; Πισθέταιρος γλαῦξ μὲν οὐ πρόσεισι νῷν. Ἐυελπίδης τοῖς δὲ γαμψώνυξι τοισδί; Πισθέταιρος τὸν ὀβελίσκον ἁρπάσας 360εἶτα κατάπηξον πρὸ σαυτοῦ. Ἐυελπίδης τοῖσι δʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσι τί; Πισθέταιρος ὀξύβαφον ἐντευθενὶ προσδοῦ λαβὼν ἢ τρύβλιον. Ἐυελπίδης ὦ σοφώτατʼ, εὖ γʼ ἀνηῦρες αὐτὸ καὶ στρατηγικῶς· ὑπερακοντίζεις σύ γʼ ἤδη Νικίαν ταῖς μηχαναῖς.

EUELPIDES Here it comes! I’m off, confound them.

PEISTHETAERUS Fool, why can’t you remain with me?

EUELPIDES What! that these may tear and rend me?

PEISTHETAERUS How can you hope from birds to flee?

EUELPIDES Truly, I haven’t the least idea.

PEISTHETAERUS Then it is I the affair must guide. Seize we a pot and, the charge awaiting, here we will combat side by side.

EUELPIDES Pot! and how can a pot avail us?

PEISTHETAERUS Never an owl will then come near.

EUELPIDES What of these birds of prey with talons?

PEISTHETAERUS Snatch up a spit, like a hoplite’s spear, Planting it firmly there before you.

EUELPIDES What shall I do about my eyes?

PEISTHETAERUS Take a platter, or take a saucer, holding it over them buckler-wise.

EUELPIDES What a skilful neat contrivance! O you clever fellow you, In your military science Nicias you far outdo!

Χορός 364ἐλελελεῦ χώρει κάθες τὸ ῥύγχος· οὐ μέλλειν ἐχρῆν. 365ἕλκε τίλλε παῖε δεῖρε, κόπτε πρώτην τὴν χύτραν. Ἔποψ εἰπέ μοι τί μέλλετʼ ὦ πάντων κάκιστα θηρίων ἀπολέσαι παθόντες οὐδὲν ἄνδρε καὶ διασπάσαι τῆς ἐμῆς γυναικὸς ὄντε ξυγγενεῖ καὶ φυλέτα; Χορός φεισόμεσθα γάρ τι τῶνδε μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς ἢ λύκων; 370ἢ τίνας τεισαίμεθʼ ἄλλους τῶνδʼ ἂν ἐχθίους ἔτι; Ἔποψ εἰ δὲ τὴν φύσιν μὲν ἐχθροὶ τὸν δὲ νοῦν εἰσιν φίλοι, καὶ διδάξοντές τι δεῦρʼ ἥκουσιν ὑμᾶς χρήσιμον; Χορός πῶς δʼ ἂν οἵδʼ ἡμᾶς τι χρήσιμον διδάξειάν ποτε ἢ φράσειαν, ὄντες ἐχθροὶ τοῖσι πάπποις τοῖς ἐμοῖς; Ἔποψ 375ἀλλʼ ἀπʼ ἐχθρῶν δῆτα πολλὰ μανθάνουσιν οἱ σοφοί. ἡ γὰρ εὐλάβεια σῴζει πάντα. παρὰ μὲν οὖν φίλου οὐ μάθοις ἂν τοῦθʼ, ὁ δʼ ἐχθρὸς εὐθὺς ἐξηνάγκασεν. αὐτίχʼ αἱ πόλεις παρʼ ἀνδρῶν γʼ ἔμαθον ἐχθρῶν κοὐ φίλων

CHORUS Eleleleu! advance! no loitering; level your beaks and charge away. Shatter the pot at once to pieces; worry, and scratch, and tear, and flay!

HOOPOE O, whatever is your purpose? is your villainy so great, You would slay two worthy persons, kinsmen, clansmen, of my mate? Men who never sought to harm you, would you tear and lacerate?

CHORUS Why, I wonder, should we spare them, more than ravening beasts of prey? Shall we ever find, for vengeance, enemies more rank than they?

HOOPOE Enemies, I grant, by nature, very friends in heart and will; Here they come with kindly purpose, useful lessons to instil.

CHORUS What, they come with words of friendship? What, you really then suppose They will teach us useful lessons, they our fathers’ fathers’ foes?

HOOPOE Yet to clever folk a foeman very useful hints may show; Thus, that foresight brings us safety, from a friend we ne’er should know, But the truth is forced upon us, very quickly, by a foe. Hence it is that all the Cities, taught by foe, and not by friend, Learn to build them ships of battle, and their lofty walls extend; So by this, a foeman’s, teaching children, home, and wealth defend.

Ἔποψ 379ἐκπονεῖν θʼ ὑψηλὰ τείχη ναῦς τε κεκτῆσθαι μακράς· 380τὸ δὲ μάθημα τοῦτο σῴζει παῖδας οἶκον χρήματα. Χορός ἔστι μὲν λόγων ἀκοῦσαι πρῶτον, ὡς ἡμῖν δοκεῖ, χρήσιμον· μάθοι γὰρ ἄν τις κἀπὸ τῶν ἐχθρῶν σοφόν. Πισθέταιρος οἵδε τῆς ὀργῆς χαλᾶν εἴξασιν. ἄναγʼ ἐπὶ σκέλος. Ἔποψ καὶ δίκαιόν γʼ ἐστὶ κἀμοὶ δεῖ νέμειν ὑμᾶς χάριν. Χορός 385ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδʼ ἄλλο σοί πω πρᾶγμʼ ἐνηντιώμεθα. Πισθέταιρος μᾶλλον εἰρήνην ἄγουσι νὴ Δίʼ, ὥστε τὴν χύτραν τώ τε τρυβλίω καθίει· καὶ τὸ δόρυ χρή, τὸν ὀβελίσκον, περιπατεῖν ἔχοντας ἡμᾶς 390τῶν ὅπλων ἐντός, παρʼ αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντας ἐγγύς· ὡς οὐ φευκτέον νῷν. Ἐυελπίδης ἐτεὸν ἢν δʼ ἄρʼ ἀποθάνωμεν, κατορυχθησόμεσθα ποῦ γῆς; Πισθέταιρος 395ὁ Κεραμεικὸς δέξεται νώ.

CHORUS Well, I really think ’tis better that their errand we should know; I admit that something useful may be taught us by a foe.

PEISTHETAERUS (To Eu.) Now their anger grows more slack; now we had better just draw back.

HOOPOE (To Chor.) This is right and friendly conduct, such as I deserve from you.

CHORUS Well, I am sure that we have never gone against you hitherto.

PEISTHETAERUS Now they are growing a deal more peaceful, now is the time the pot to ground, Now we may lower the platters twain. Nay, but the spit we had best retain,—. Walking within the encampment’s bound, Letting our watchful glances skim Over the edge of the pot’s top rim; Never a thought of flight must strike us.

EUELPIDES Well, but tell me, suppose we die, Where in the world will our bodies lie?

PEISTHETAERUS They shall be buried in Cerameicus, That will be done at the public cost, For we will say that our lives we lost Gallantly fighting the public foe,

Πισθέταιρος 396δημοσίᾳ γὰρ ἵνα ταφῶμεν, φήσομεν πρὸς τοὺς στρατηγοὺς μαχομένω τοῖς πολεμίοισιν ἀποθανεῖν ἐν Ὀρνεαῖς. Χορός 400ἄναγʼ ἐς τάξιν πάλιν ἐς ταὐτόν, καὶ τὸν θυμὸν κατάθου κύψας παρὰ τὴν ὀργὴν ὥσπερ ὁπλίτης· κἀναπυθώμεθα τούσδε τίνες ποτὲ καὶ πόθεν ἔμολον 405† ἐπὶ τίνα τʼ ἐπίνοιαν. † ἰὼ ἔποψ σέ τοι καλῶ. Ἔποψ καλεῖς δὲ τοῦ κλύειν θέλων; Χορός τίνες ποθʼ οἵδε καὶ πόθεν; Ἔποψ ξείνω σοφῆς ἀφʼ Ἑλλάδος. Χορός 410τύχη δὲ ποία κομίζει ποτʼ αὐτὼ πρὸς ὄρνιθας

PEISTHETAERUS (Yea, we will tell the commanders so,) Gallantly fighting at Orneae.

CHORUS Fall back, fall back to your ranks once more, And stand at ease as ye stood before, And lay your wrath on the ground, in line With your angry mood, as a warrior should; We’ll ask the while who the men may be, And whence they come, and with what design. Hey, Hoopoe, hey! to you I speak.

HOOPOE What is it that to learn you seek?

CHORUS Whence are these visitors and who?

HOOPOE From clever Hellas strangers two.

CHORUS What’s their aim? Canst thou tell Why they came Here to dwell?

HOOPOE Love of you, Love of your Life and ways Was the lure. Here they fain Would remain Comrades true All their days.

CHORUS Hey, hey, what do you say?

Χορός 412ἐλθεῖν; Ἔποψ ἔρως βίου διαίτης τε καὶ σοῦ ξυνοικεῖν τέ σοι 415καὶ ξυνεῖναι τὸ πᾶν. Χορός τί φῄς; λέγουσι δὴ τίνας λόγους; Ἔποψ ἄπιστα καὶ πέρα κλύειν. Χορός ὁρᾷ τι κέρδος ἐνθάδʼ ἄξιον μονῆς, ὅτῳ πέποιθʼ ἐμοὶ ξυνὼν […] 420κρατεῖν ἂν ἢ τὸν ἐχθρὸν ἢ φίλοισιν ὠφελεῖν ἔχειν; Ἔποψ λέγει μέγαν τινʼ ὄλβον οὔτε λεκτὸν οὔτε πιστόν· ὡς σὰ γὰρ τὰ πάντα ταῦτα καὶ 425τὸ τῇδε καὶ τὸ κεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦρο προσβιβᾷ λέγων. Χορός πότερα μαινόμενος; Ἔποψ ἄφατον ὡς φρόνιμος. Χορός ἔνι σοφόν τι φρενί; Ἔποψ 430πυκνότατον κίναδος, σόφισμα κύρμα τρῖμμα παιπάλημʼ ὅλον. Χορός λέγειν λέγειν κέλευέ μοι.

CHORUS What is the tale they tell?

HOOPOE In brief, ’Tis something more than past belief.

CHORUS But wherefore is he come? What is it He seeks to compass by his visit? Think you he’s got some cunning plan Whereby, allied with us, he can Assist a friend, or harm a foe? What brings him here, I’d like to know.

HOOPOE Too great, too great, for thought or words, The bliss he promises the birds. All things are yours, he says, whate’er Exists in space, both here and there, And to and fro, and everywhere.

CHORUS Mad a little, eh?

HOOPOE More sane than words can say.

CHORUS Wide awake?

HOOPOE Wide as day. The subtlest cunningest fox, All scheme, invention, craft; wit, wisdom, paradox.

CHORUS His speech, his speech, bid him begin it. The things you show excite me so, I’m fit to fly this very minute.

HOOPOE Now you and you, take back this panoply,

Χορός 433κλύων γὰρ ὧν σύ μοι λέγεις λόγων ἀνεπτέρωμαι. Ἔποψ 435ἄγε δὴ σὺ καὶ σὺ τὴν πανοπλίαν μὲν πάλιν ταύτην λαβόντε κρεμάσατον τύχἀγαθῇ ἐς τὸν ἰπνὸν εἴσω πλησίον τοὐπιστάτου· σὺ δὲ τούσδʼ ἐφʼ οἷσπερ τοῖς λόγοις συνέλεξʼ ἐγὼ φράσον, δίδαξον. Πισθέταιρος μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω ʼγὼ μὲν οὔ, 440ἢν μὴ διάθωνταί γʼ οἵδε διαθήκην ἐμοὶ ἥνπερ ὁ πίθηκος τῇ γυναικὶ διέθετο, ὁ μαχαιροποιός, μήτε δάκνειν τούτους ἐμὲ μήτʼ ὀρχίπεδʼ ἕλκειν μήτʼ ὀρύττειν — Χορός οὔτι που τόν —; οὐδαμῶς. Πισθέταιρος οὔκ, ἀλλὰ τὠφθαλμὼ λέγω. Χορός διατίθεμαι ʼγώ. Πισθέταιρος κατόμοσόν νυν ταῦτά μοι. Χορός 445ὄμνυμʼ ἐπὶ τούτοις, πᾶσι νικᾶν τοῖς κριταῖς

CHORUS And hang it up, God bless it, out of sight Within the kitchen there, beside the Jack. But you (to Pei.) the things we summoned them to hear Expound, declare.

PEISTHETAERUS By Apollo no, not I, Unless they pledge me such a treaty-pledge As that small jackanapes who makes the swords Pledged with his wife, to wit that they’ll not bite me Nor pull me about, nor scratch my—

CHORUS Fie, for shame! Not this? no, no!

PEISTHETAERUS My eyes, I was going to say.

CHORUS I pledge it.

PEISTHETAERUS Swear!

CHORUS I swear on these conditions; So may I win by every judge’s vote, And the whole Theatre’s.

PEISTHETAERUS AND SO YOU SHALL.

CHORUS But if I’m false, then by one vote alone.

HOOPOE O yes! O yes! Hoplites, take up your arms

English translation by Benjamin Bickley Rogers (1906). Original text: Greek text: F. W. Hall and W. M. Geldart (eds.), Aristophanis Comoediae, Oxford Classical Texts, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-1907, as digitised by Perseus. English: Benjamin Bickley Rogers, The Birds of Aristophanes, London: George Bell and Sons, 1906.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, Greek: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain (Rogers). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.