Sophocles · Ajax Αἴας

Sophocles, Ajax 1040–1092: Menelaus forbids the burial

The Chorus warn Teucer that Menelaus is approaching. Menelaus orders Teucer not to bury Ajax, who he says was a traitor who wished to kill the whole army and now lies where the gods turned his outrage on animals. He says that a state needs fear and respect for authority, and that the body will be cast out on the sand.

Lines 1040–1092 · 549 words · click a number to copy its link
Χορός 1040μὴ τεῖνε μακράν, ἀλλʼ ὅπως κρύψεις τάφῳ φράζου τὸν ἄνδρα χὤ τι μυθήσει τάχα. βλέπω γὰρ ἐχθρὸν φῶτα, καὶ τάχʼ ἂν κακοῖς γελῶν ἃ δὴ κακοῦργος ἐξίκοιτʼ ἀνήρ. Τεῦκρος τίς δʼ ἐστὶν ὅντινʼ ἄνδρα προσλεύσσεις στρατοῦ; Χορός 1045Μενέλαος, ᾧ δὴ τόνδε πλοῦν ἐστείλαμεν. Τεῦκρος ὁρῶ· μαθεῖν γὰρ ἐγγὺς ὢν οὐ δυσπετής. Μενέλαος οὗτος, σὲ φωνῶ τόνδε τὸν νεκρὸν χεροῖν μὴ συγκομίζειν, ἀλλʼ ἐᾶν ὅπως ἔχει. Τεῦκρος τίνος χάριν τοσόνδʼ ἀνήλωσας λόγον; Μενέλαος 1050δοκοῦντʼ ἐμοί, δοκοῦντα δʼ ὃς κραίνει στρατοῦ. Τεῦκρος οὔκουν ἂν εἴποις ἥντινʼ αἰτίαν προθείς; Μενέλαος ὁθούνεκʼ αὐτὸν ἐλπίσαντες οἴκοθεν ἄγειν Ἀχαιοῖς ξύμμαχόν τε καὶ φίλον, ἐξηύρομεν ζητοῦντες ἐχθίω Φρυγῶν· 1055ὅστις στρατῷ ξύμπαντι βουλεύσας φόνον νύκτωρ ἐπεστράτευσεν, ὡς ἕλοι δόρει· κεἰ μὴ θεῶν τις τήνδε πεῖραν ἔσβεσεν, ἡμεῖς μὲν ἂν τήνδʼ ἣν ὅδʼ εἴληχεν τύχην θανόντες ἂν προυκείμεθʼ αἰσχίστῳ μόρῳ, 1060οὗτος δʼ ἂν ἔζη. νῦν δʼ ἐνήλλαξεν θεὸς τὴν τοῦδʼ ὕβριν πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας πεσεῖν. ὧν εἵνεκʼ αὐτὸν οὔτις ἔστʼ ἀνὴρ σθένων τοσοῦτον ὥστε σῶμα τυμβεῦσαι τάφῳ, ἀλλʼ ἀμφὶ χλωρὰν ψάμαθον ἐκβεβλημένος 1065ὄρνισι φορβὴ παραλίοις γενήσεται. πρὸς ταῦτα μηδὲν δεινὸν ἐξάρῃς μένος. εἰ γὰρ βλέποντος μὴ ʼδυνήθημεν κρατεῖν, πάντως θανόντος γʼ ἄρξομεν, κἂν μὴ θέλῃς, χερσὶν παρευθύνοντες· οὐ γὰρ ἔσθʼ ὅπου 1070λόγων γʼ ἀκοῦσαι ζῶν ποτʼ ἠθέλησʼ ἐμῶν. καίτοι κακοῦ πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ὄντα δημότην μηδὲν δικαιοῦν τῶν ἐφεστώτων κλύειν. οὐ γάρ ποτʼ οὔτʼ ἂν ἐν πόλει νόμοι καλῶς φέροιντʼ ἄν, ἔνθα μὴ καθεστήκῃ δέος, 1075οὔτʼ ἂν στρατός γε σωφρόνως ἄρχοιτʼ ἔτι, μηδὲν φόβου πρόβλημα μηδʼ αἰδοῦς ἔχων. ἀλλʼ ἄνδρα χρή, κἂν σῶμα γεννήσῃ μέγα, δοκεῖν πεσεῖν ἂν κἂν ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ. δέος γὰρ ᾧ πρόσεστιν αἰσχύνη θʼ ὁμοῦ, 1080σωτηρίαν ἔχοντα τόνδʼ ἐπίστασο· ὅπου δʼ ὑβρίζειν δρᾶν θʼ ἃ βούλεται παρῇ, ταύτην νόμιζε τὴν πόλιν χρόνῳ ποτὲ ἐξ οὐρίων δραμοῦσαν εἰς βυθὸν πεσεῖν. ἀλλʼ ἑστάτω μοι καὶ δέος τι καίριον, 1085καὶ μὴ δοκῶμεν δρῶντες ἃν ἡδώμεθα οὐκ ἀντιτίσειν αὖθις ἂν λυπώμεθα. ἕρπει παραλλὰξ ταῦτα. πρόσθεν οὗτος ἦν αἴθων ὑβριστής, νῦν δʼ ἐγὼ μέγʼ αὖ φρονῶ. καί σοι προφωνῶ τόνδε μὴ θάπτειν, ὅπως 1090μὴ τόνδε θάπτων αὐτὸς εἰς ταφὰς πέσῃς.

Chorus Do not go on at length, but consider how you will bury him and what you will next say. For I see our enemy approaching, and chances are that he comes to mock at our sorrows, like one who would do us harm.

Teucer What man of the army do you see?

Chorus Menelaus, the beneficiary of this expedition.

Teucer I see him; he is not hard to recognize when near.

Menelaus You there, I tell you not to lift that corpse for burial, but leave it where it lies.

Teucer Why do you waste your breath on this arrogant command?

Menelaus It conveys my decree, and the decree of the army’s supreme ruler.

Teucer Would you mind, then, telling me what reason you pretend?

Menelaus This—that when we had hoped we were bringing Ajax from home to be an ally and a friend for the Greeks, we found him on closer examination to be an enemy worse than the Phrygians, since he plotted the murder of the entire army and marched by night against us in order to take us with his spear. And if some god had not smothered this attempt, we would have been allotted the fate which he now has, and we would be dead and lie prostrate by an ignoble doom, while he would be living. But now a god has turned his outrage aside, so that it fell on the sheep and cattle. For this reason there is no man so powerful that he will be able to entomb the corpse of Ajax. Instead he shall be cast forth somewhere on the yellow sand to become forage for the birds of the seashore. So then do not inflame the terrible force of your spirit. If we were unable to master him while he lived, in any case in death, at least, we shall rule him despite your opposition and control him by force of our hands. For while he lived, there never was a time when he would obey my commands. Now it is, in truth, the mark of a base nature when a commoner does not think it right to obey those who stand over him. Never can the laws maintain a prosperous course in a city where fear has no fixed place, nor can a camp be ruled any more with moderation, if it lacks the guarding force of fear and reverence. A man, though he grow his body great and mighty, must expect to fall, even from a light blow. Whoever knows fear and shame both, you can be certain that he has found his salvation; but where there is license to attack others and act at will, do not doubt that such a State, though she has run before a favoring wind, will eventually sink with time into the depths. No, let me see fear, too, established, where fear is fitting; let us not think that we can act on our desires without paying the price in pain. These things come by turns. He was once the hot attacker, now it is my hour to glory. And so I warn you not to bury him, so that you can avoid falling into your own grave.

Chorus

1091Μενέλαε, μὴ γνώμας ὑποστήσας σοφὰς εἶτʼ αὐτὸς ἐν θανοῦσιν ὑβριστὴς γένῃ.

Menelaus, after laying down wise precepts, do not then violate the dead.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1893). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Ajax, Cambridge University Press, 1893 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.