Sophocles · Ajax Αἴας

Sophocles, Ajax 1376–1420: Exodos: the burial of Ajax

Odysseus offers to help bury Ajax, and Teucer thanks him but says that it is better if he does not touch the body. Teucer orders a grave to be dug and the preparations for the burial to be made, and calls on Eurysaces and the friends of Ajax to help. The Chorus ends the play by saying that men may learn many things by looking but that no one knows what the future will be.

Lines 1376–1420 · 422 words · click a number to copy its link
Ὀδυσσεύς 1376καὶ νῦν γε Τεύκρῳ τἀπὸ τοῦδʼ ἀγγέλλομαι, ὅσον τότʼ ἐχθρὸς ἦ, τοσόνδʼ εἶναι φίλος. καὶ τὸν θανόντα τόνδε συνθάπτειν θέλω καὶ ξυμπονεῖν καὶ μηδὲν ἐλλείπειν ὅσων 1380χρὴ τοῖς ἀρίστοις ἀνδράσιν πονεῖν βροτούς. Τεῦκρος ἄριστʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, πάντʼ ἔχω σʼ ἐπαινέσαι λόγοισι, καί μʼ ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ. τούτῳ γὰρ ὢν ἔχθιστος Ἀργείων ἀνὴρ μόνος παρέστης χερσίν, οὐδʼ ἔτλης παρὼν 1385θανόντι τῷδε ζῶν ἐφυβρίσαι μέγα, ὡς ὁ στρατηγὸς οὑπιβρόντητος μολὼν αὐτός τε χὠ ξύναιμος ἠθελησάτην λωβητὸν αὐτὸν ἐκβαλεῖν ταφῆς ἄτερ. τοιγάρ σφʼ Ὀλύμπου τοῦδʼ ὁ πρεσβεύων πατὴρ 1390μνήμων τʼ Ἐρινὺς καὶ τελεσφόρος Δίκη κακοὺς κακῶς φθείρειαν, ὥσπερ ἤθελον τὸν ἄνδρα λώβαις ἐκβαλεῖν ἀναξίως. σὲ δʼ, ὦ γεραιοῦ σπέρμα Λαέρτου πατρός, τάφου μὲν ὀκνῶ τοῦδʼ ἐπιψαύειν ἐᾶν, 1395μὴ τῷ θανόντι τοῦτο δυσχερὲς ποιῶ· τὰ δʼ ἄλλα καὶ ξύμπρασσε, κεἴ τινα στρατοῦ θέλεις κομίζειν, οὐδὲν ἄλγος ἕξομεν. ἐγὼ δὲ τἄλλα πάντα πορσυνῶ· σὺ δὲ ἀνὴρ καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἐσθλὸς ὢν ἐπίστασο. Ὀδυσσεύς 1400ἀλλʼ ἤθελον μέν· εἰ δὲ μή ʼστί σοι φίλον πράσσειν τάδʼ ἡμᾶς, εἶμʼ ἐπαινέσας τὸ σόν. Τεῦκρος ἅλις· ἤδη γὰρ πολὺς ἐκτέταται χρόνος. ἀλλʼ οἱ μὲν κοίλην κάπετον χερσὶ ταχύνατε, τοὶ δʼ ὑψίβατον 1405τρίποδʼ ἀμφίπυρον λουτρῶν ὁσίων θέσθʼ ἐπίκαιρον· μία δʼ ἐκ κλισίας ἀνδρῶν ἴλη τὸν ὑπασπίδιον κόσμον φερέτω. παῖ, σὺ δὲ πατρός γʼ, ὅσον ἰσχύεις, 1410φιλότητι θιγὼν πλευρὰς σὺν ἐμοὶ τάσδʼ ἐπικούφιζʼ· ἔτι γὰρ θερμαὶ σύριγγες ἄνω φυσῶσι μέλαν μένος. ἀλλʼ ἄγε πᾶς, φίλος ὅστις ἀνὴρ φησὶ παρεῖναι, σούσθω, βάτω, 1415τῷδʼ ἀνδρὶ πονῶν τῷ πάντʼ ἀγαθῷ κοὐδενί πω λῴονι θνητῶν Χορός ἦ πολλὰ βροτοῖς ἔστιν ἰδοῦσιν γνῶναι· πρὶν ἰδεῖν δʼ οὐδεὶς μάντις 1420τῶν μελλόντων, ὅ τι πράξει.

Odysseus And now I announce that from this point on I am ready to be Teucer’s friend as much as I was once his enemy. And I would like to join in the burying of your dead and share your labors, omitting no service which mortals should render to their best and bravest warriors.

Teucer Good Odysseus, I have only praise for your words. You have greatly belied my fears. Of all the Greeks you were his deadliest enemy, and yet you alone have stood by him with helping hand and did not come here and allow yourself in life to violate the dead Ajax ruthlessly, as did the crazed general who came, since he and his brother wanted to cast out the outraged corpse without burial. Therefore may the Father supreme on Olympus above us, and the unforgetting Fury and Justice the Fulfiller destroy them for their wickedness with wicked deaths, just as they sought to cast this man out with unmerited, outrageous mistreatment. But you, progeny of aged Laertes, I hesitate to permit you to touch the corpse in burial, lest I so offend the dead. In all other tasks do indeed be our partner. And if you wish to bring any soldier of the army with you, he shall be welcome. For the rest, I will make all things ready. But you, Odysseus, know that to us you have been a good and noble friend.

Odysseus It was my wish to help, but if it is not pleasing to you that I should assist here, I accept your decision and depart.

Teucer Enough. Already the interval has been long drawn out. Come, hurry some of you to dig the hollow grave; others erect the cauldron wrapped in fire on its high stand for prompt preparation of the ritual cleansing. Let another company bring from the tent the finery which he wore in battle beneath his shield. And you, too, child, with such strength as you have lay a loving hand upon your father and help me to lighten his body; for his channels are still warm and spray upwards the dark force of his spirit. Come, come everyone who claims to be our friend, start forward and move on, laboring in service to this man of perfect excellence. To a nobler man such service has never yet been rendered.

Chorus Many things, I tell you, can be known through mortal eyes; but before he sees it happening, no one can foretell the future, or what his fate will be.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1893). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Ajax, Cambridge University Press, 1893 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.