Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 14.321–437: Book 14: The first battle; wine in the river

The armies meet at the Astacid lake, where the Bassarids fight with their thyrsi and the Satyrs and Curetes press the Indians. Zeus thunders for Bromios. Dionysos then pours wine into the river, and an Indian who drinks from it praises its taste.

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321οἱ δὲ παλιννόστοιο ποδὸς δειδήμονι ταρσῷ φύξιον ἴχνος ἔκαμψαν ἐγερσιμόθῳ Διονύσῳ. καὶ στρατὸν ὥπλισε Βάκχος ἐς ἀντιπόρων στίχας Ἰνδῶν. οὐδὲ λάθε ζοφόεντα Κελαινέα θῆλυς Ἐνυώ, 325ἀλλὰ θορὼν ἀκίχητος ὅλον στρατὸν ὥπλισεν Ἰνδῶν· καὶ θρασὺς Ἀστράεις, μενεδήιον οἶστρον ἀέξων, Ἀστακίδος κελάδοντα περὶ ῥόον ἵστατο λίμνης, δέγμενος ἀμπελόεντος ἐπηλυσίην Διονύσου.

Now Bacchos made ready his army against the hostile troops of Indians. Nor did swarthy Celaineus fail to see the womanish warriors. He leapt up with all speed and called to arms the whole Indian host ; while bold Astraios with ever-growing martial […] took his stand beside the murmuring waves of the Astacid lake, and awaited the attack of Dionysos the vinegod,

329ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ διδύμης στρατιῆς ἑτερόζυγι λαῷ 330ἀμφοτέρων στίχα πᾶσαν ἐκόσμεον ἡγεμονῆες, κλαγγῇ μὲν ζοφόεντες ἐπὶ κλόνον ἤιον Ἰνδοί, Θρηικίοις γεράνοισιν ἐοικότες, εὖτε φυγοῦσαι χειμερίην μάστιγα καὶ ἠερίου χύσιν ὄμβρου Πυγμαίων ἀγεληδὸν ἐπαΐσσουσι καρήνοις 335Τηθύος ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα, καὶ ὀξυόεντι γενείῳ οὐτιδανῆς ὀλέκουσι λιποσθενὲς αἷμα γενέθλης, ἱπτάμεναι νεφεληδὸν ὑπὲρ κέρας Ὠκεανοῖο·

When the captains of the two armies of the two had mustered their troops in two opposing […] the swarthy Indians advanced to battle with loud cries: like Thracian cranes, when they fly from the scourge of winter and floods of stormy rain to throw their great flocks against the heads of pygmies round the waters of Tethys, and when with sharp beaks they have destroyed that weak helpless race, they wing their way like a cloud over the […] of the Ocean.

338εἰς ἐνοπὴν δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐβακχεύοντο μαχηταί, ἀκλινέες θεράποντες ἐγερσιμόθου Διονύσου· 340Βασσαρίδων δὲ φάλαγγες ἐπέρρεον· ἀγρομένων δὲ ἡ μὲν ἐχιδναίῳ κεφαλὴν ἐζώσατο δεσμῷ, ἡ δὲ διεσφήκωσε κόμην εὐώδεϊ κισσῷ, ἄλλη χαλκοφόρῳ παλάμην ἐκορύσσετο θύρσῳ οἰστρομανής, ἑτέρη δὲ κατʼ αὐχένος ἄμμορα δεσμῶν 345μηκεδανῆς μεθέηκε καθειμένα βόστρυχα χαίτης, Μαιναλὶς ἀκρήδεμνος, ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέρων δέ οἱ ὤμων ἀπλεκέας πλοκαμῖδας ἀνερρίπιζεν ἀήτης· ἄλλη ῥόπτρα τίνασσε συνήορα δίζυγι χαλκῷ πλοχμοὺς εἱλικόεντας ἐπαιθύσσουσα καρήνῳ· 350ἄλλη δʼ ἐν παλάμῃσι, κατάσχετος ἅλματι λύσσης, χερσὶ περικροτέουσα βαρύβρομα νῶτα βοείης· ὄρθιον ἐσμαράγησε μόθων ἀντίκτυπον ἠχώ, καὶ πέλεν ἔγχεα θύρσα, καλυπτομένη δὲ πετήλοις δούρατος ἀμπελόεντος ἔην χαλκήλατος αἰχμή· 355ἡ δὲ δαφοινήεντος ἐφιμείρουσα κυδοιμοῦ ὠμοβόρων ἔζευξεν ἐπʼ αὐχένι δεσμὰ δρακόντων· ἄλλη ποικιλόνωτον ἐπὶ στέρνοιο καλύπτρην πορδαλίων, ἑτέρη δὲ κατὰ χροὸς οἷα χιτῶνα στικτὰ φιλοσκοπέλων ἐνεδύσατο δέρματα νεβρῶν, 360δαιδαλέης ἐλάφοιο περισφίγξασα καλύπτρην· ἄλλη σκύμνον ἔχουσα δασυστέρνοιο λεαίνης ἀνδρομέῳ γλαγόεντι νόθῳ πιστώσατο μαζῷ· καί τις ὄφιν τριέλικτον ἀπήμονι δήσατο κόλπῳ ἐνδόμυχον ζωστῆρα, κεχηνότα γείτονι μηρῷ, 365μείλιχα συρίζοντα, φιλακρήτοιό τε κούρης ὑπναλέης ἄγρυπνον ὀπιπευτῆρα κορείης· ἄλλη ταρσὰ φέρουσα κατʼ οὔρεα γυμνὰ πεδίλων, ποσσὶ βάτους πατέουσα καὶ ὀξυέθειρας ἀκάνθας, θηγαλέῃ στατὸν ἴχνος ἐπεστήριξεν ἀχέρδῳ· 370καί τις ἐπαΐξασα τανυκνήμιδι καμήλῳ καμπύλον ἀμητῆρι διέθρισεν αὐχένα θύρσῳ, καὶ τυφλοῖσι πόδεσσι περιπταίουσα κελεύθῳ ἡμιφανὴς πεφόρητο, πολυγνάμπτῳ δὲ πορείῃ φοιταλέης ἀκάρηνον ἐπείγετο σῶμα καμήλου, 375καὶ σφαλερῇ πλήσσουσα βαθυνομένην χθόνα χηλῇ ὕπτιος αὐτοκύλιστος ἐπωλίσθησε κονίῃ·

On the other side, the fighting host madly rushed at the call, the unbending servants of warstirring Dionysos. The battalions of Bassarids also moved like a flood. As they gathered, one twined a rope of snakes about her head, one knotted her hair with scented ivy ; another madly caught up her bronze-headed thyrsus, another let down loose tresses of hair over her neck, a Mainalid unveiled, while the wind blew the unbound locks over her shoulders; another clapped the pair of brazen cymbals, and shook the ringlets upon her head ; another driven by the impulse of madness, beat the heavy-booming drum-skin with her hands, and sounded a loud echo of the battle-din. Then thyrsus did for spear, and hidden under vineleaves was the metal head of the shaft. Another yearning for bloody battle, bound round her neck a rope of raw-fed serpents. One again covered her chest with the spotted skin of a panther, another put on like a […] the dappled skins of mountain fawn, and wrapt herself round with the gay dress Another held the cub of which had covered a deer. it a milky human breast a shaggy lioness, and gave in exchange. There was who coiled a serpent thrice round under her breast unharmed, a girdle next the skin, while it gaped at her thigh so close, hissing gently, and sleepless gazed at the maiden secrets of the girl who was sleeping off her wine, Another went barefoot over the hills, treading on brambles and sharp bristling thorns, and standing firm on a prickly pear. One attacked a longlegged camel, and sheared through its curving neck with a sweep of her thyrsus : then half to be seen, went stumbling over the path with blind feet the headless body of the camel staggering about in winding ways, until hoof sank into a slippery hole and the creature rolled over helpless on its back in the dust. Another tamed her step to a stretch of pasture in the forest,

377ἄλλη δʼ ἴχνος ἄγουσα βοοτρόφον εἰς ῥάχιν ὕλης ἄσχετα μαινομένοιο δορῆς ἐδράξατο ταύρου, καὶ βλοσυροῖς ὀνύχεσσι χαρασσομένης ἀπὸ δειρῆς 380ταυρείην ἀτόρητον ἀπεφλοίωσε καλύπτρην· ἄλλη δʼ ἔγκατα πάντα διήφυσεν· ἦν δὲ νοῆσαι παρθένον ἀκρήδεμνον ἀσάμβαλον ὑψόθι πέτρης τρηχαλέῳ πρηῶνι περισκαίρουσαν ἐρίπνης·

caught hold of the fell of a maddened bull, then the bull’s neck with savage nails tore off the impenetrable skin, while another tore away all his bowels. You might have seen a girl unveiled, unshod, leaping about on the jagged rocks above a precipice ; no fear had she of the sheer fall, no sharp point of stone scratched the girl’s naked foot.

384οὐ σκοπιὴν δʼ ἔφριξε δυσέμβατον, οὐ πόδα κούρης 385ὀξυπαγὴς ἀπέδιλον ὄνυξ ἐχάραξε κολώνης. πολλὴ δʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα παρʼ Ἀστακίδος στόμα λίμνης Ἰνδῴη δεδάικτο γονὴ Κουρῆτι σιδήρῳ. δυσμενέων δὲ φάλαγγας ἐκυκλώσαντο μαχηταὶ τεύχεσιν ἀντιτύποισι, φερεσσακέος δὲ χορείης 390ῥυθμὸν ἐμιμήσαντο ποδῶν ἑλικώδεϊ παλμῷ· καὶ λασίῃ παλάμῃ σκοπιὴν λοφόεσσαν ἀείρων, οὔρεος ἄκρα κάρηνα ταμών, ἐκορύσσετο Ληνεύς, πέμπων ὀκριόεσσαν ἐπʼ ἀντιβίοισιν ἀκωκήν· Βάκχη δʼ ἀμφαλάλαζε, καὶ ἀμπελόεσσαν ἀκωκὴν 395Βασσαρὶς ἠκόντιζε, μελαρρίνου δὲ γενέθλης ἄρσενα πολλὰ κάρηνα δαΐζετο θήλεϊ θύρσῳ. καὶ φονίῳ θρασὺν ἄνδρα διατμήγουσα κορύμβῳ Εὐπετάλη κεκόρυστο, φιλοσταφύλῳ δὲ πετήλῳ κέντορα κισσὸν ἔπεμπεν ἀλοιητῆρα σιδήρου· 400Στησιχόρη δʼ εὔβοτρυς ἐπεσκίρτησε κυδοιμῷ, καὶ δηίων ἔσσευε γένος ῥηξήνορι ῥόμβῳ κύμβαλα δινεύουσα βαρύβρομα δίζυγι χαλκῷ. καὶ πολὺς ἀμφοτέροισιν ἔην μόθος· ἔβρεμε σύριγξ, σύριγξ ἐγρεκύδοιμος, ἐπέκτυπε δʼ αὐλὸς Ἐνυοῦς,

At At At the mouth of the Astacid lake many a son of India was cut up by the steel of the Curetes. The warriors surrounded the battalions of the foe with blow for blow, and imitated the rhythms of the armour-dance in the wheeling movements of their feet. Leneus broke off a crested peak from a mountain, and lifting this in his hairy hand, he cast the jagged mass among the enemy : the Bacchant yelled in triumph, the Bassarid cast her vine-wreathed point, the heads of many men in that blackskin crowd were brought down by the womanish thyrsus. Eupetale was ready, and pierced a bold man with her deadly shaft, then let fly her pointed ivy covered with vineleaves to smash the steel. Stesichore with her bunches of grapes skipt into the mellay, and shooed off a tribe of enemies with manbreaking bull-roarer, waving a brazen pair of loud-clashing cymbals. There was hard fighting on both sides. There was the sound of the syrinx—the syrinx awaking the battle. There was […] of pipes—the shepherd’s pipes calling to war ! There were the Bassarids’

405Βασσαρίδες δʼ ὀλόλυξαν· ἐγειρομένου δὲ κυδοιμοῦ βρονταίοις πατάγοισι μέλας μυκώμενος ἀὴρ ἐκ Διὸς ἐσσομένην Βρομίῳ μαντεύσατο νίκην. καὶ πολὺς ἑσμὸς ἔπιπτεν· ὅλη δʼ ἐρυθαίνετο λύθρῳ ὑγρῷ διψὰς ἄρουρα, καὶ Ἀστακίδος στόμα λίμνης 410αἱμοβαφὲς κελάρυζε, φόνῳ κεκερασμένον Ἰνδῶν.

[…][…][…]lings : and as the turmoil arose, the black air bellowed with thunderclaps from Zeus, presaging victory for Bromios to come. A great swarm fell ; all the thirsty earth was reddened with running blood, and the mouth of the Astacid lake was a bubbling bloodbath mingled with Indian gore.

411Ἀντιβίους δʼ ᾤκτειρε θεὸς φιλοπαίγμονι θυμῷ καὶ προχοαῖς κατέχευε μέθης γέρας, ἐκ δὲ ῥοάων χιονέην ἤμειψε φυὴν ξανθόχροον ὕδωρ, καὶ ποταμὸς κελάρυζε μελίρρυτα χεύματα σύρων, 415καὶ προχοὰς ἐμέθυσσεν· ἀμειβομένων δὲ ῥοάων ἔπνεον ἀρτιχύτοιο μέθης εὐώδεες αὖραι· ὄχθαι ἐφοινίσσοντο· πιὼν δέ τις Ἰνδὸς ἀγήνωρ τοίην ἐκ στομάτων πολυθαμβέα ῥήξατο φωνήν· Ξεῖνον ἴδον καὶ ἄπιστον ἐγὼ ποτόν, οὐ γλάγος αἰγῶν 420ἄργυφον οὐ πέλε τοῦτο, καὶ οὐ μέλαν οἷά περ ὕδωρ, οὐδέ μιν οἷον ὄπωπα πολυτρήτοις ἐνὶ σίμβλοις βομβήεσσα μέλισσα λοχεύεται ἡδέι κηρῷ· ἀλλὰ νόον τέρπουσαν ἔχει καλλίπνοον ὀδμήν. ἀνὴρ διψαλέος πολυθαλπέι καύματος ἀτμῷ, 425βαιὸν ἑαῖς παλάμῃσιν ἀφυσσάμενος χυτὸν ὕδωρ λαίλαπα καρχαλέης ἀποσείεται αὐτίκα δίψης· καὶ μέλι μᾶλλον ἔχει ταχινὸν κόρον· ἆ μέγα θαῦμα, τοῦτο πιὼν ἐθέλω πιέειν πάλιν· ἀμφότερον γὰρ καὶ γλυκερὸν τόδε χεῦμα καὶ οὐ κόρον ἀνδράσι τίκτει. 430Ἥβη, κάλπιν ἄειρε καὶ ἔρχεο δεῦρο λαβοῦσα Τρώιον οἰνοχόον, ζαθέων δρηστῆρα κυπέλλων, ὄφρα μελιρραθάμιγγος ἀφυσσάμενος ποταμοῖο Ζηνὸς ὅλους κρητῆρας ἀναπλήσῃ Γανυμήδης. δεῦτε, φίλοι, γεύσασθε μελισταγέος ποταμοῖο.

But the god pitied his foes in his heart of merry cheer, and he poured the treasure of wine into the waters. So he changed the snowy-white waters to yellow, and the river swept along bubbling streams of honey intoxicating the waters. When this change […] upon the watery, the breezes blew perfumed by the newly-poured wine, the banks were empurpled. A noble Indian drank, and spoke his wonder in […] : Here is a strange and incredible drink I have seen ! This is not the white milk of goats, not dark like water, nor […] like what I have seen in the riddled hives, what the buzzing bee brings forth with sweet wax. No—this delights the mind with a fragrant scent. A man is thirsty in the steam of this sultry heat—but if he scoops up a few drops of running water in his palms, he shakes off at once the whirlwind of parching thirst! Honey surfeits you sooner—O here’s a great miracle! When I drink this I want to drink more! For this has both merits—it is sweet, and it does not surfeit. Hebe, come this way ! Take up your pitcher, and bring your Trojan who serves with cups the divine company ; let Ganymedes draw honeyed drops from this river and fill all the mixing-bowls of Zeus! This way, friends, have a taste of a honey-distilling river!

435ἐνθάδε παπταίνω τύπον αἰθέρος· αὐτόχυτον γὰρ κεῖνο, τό περ καλέουσι Διὸς πόμα, νέκταρ Ὀλύμπου Νηιάδες χθονίοισιν ἀναβλύζουσι ῥεέθροις.

Here I see an image of the heavens; for that nectar of Olympos which they say is the drink of Zeus, […] are pouring out in natural streams

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.