Sophocles · Women of Trachis Τραχίνιαι

Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1193–1278: Exodos (cont.): the pyre on Oeta; Heracles' last commands

Heracles orders Hyllus to carry him to Oeta and to lay him on a pyre, and Hyllus, who refuses to light the pyre himself, finally agrees to everything. Heracles also orders him to marry Iole, and Hyllus, who blames her for his mother's death, resists but gives way. As the attendants lift Heracles, Hyllus laments the cruelty of the gods and tells the Chorus that in all this there is nothing that is not Zeus.

Lines 1193–1278 · 845 words · click a number to copy its link

Heracles

1193ἐνταῦθά νυν χρὴ τοὐμὸν ἐξάραντά σε σῶμʼ αὐτόχειρα καὶ ξὺν οἷς χρῄζεις φίλων. 1195πολλὴν μὲν ὕλην τῆς βαθυρρίζου δρυὸς κείραντα, πολλὸν δʼ ἄρσενʼ ἐκτεμόνθʼ ὁμοῦ ἄγριον ἔλαιον, σῶμα τοὐμὸν ἐμβαλεῖν, καὶ πευκίνης λαβόντα λαμπάδος σέλας πρῆσαι. γόου δὲ μηδὲν εἰσίτω δάκρυ, 1200ἀλλʼ ἀστένακτος κἀδάκρυτος, εἴπερ εἶ τοῦδʼ ἀνδρός, ἔρξον· εἰ δὲ μή, μενῶ σʼ ἐγὼ καὶ νέρθεν ὢν ἀραῖος εἰσαεὶ βαρύς.

Then, you must carry my body there after raising it up in your own hands, aided by as many of our friends as you require; and when you have cut many a branch from the deep-rooted oak and chopped down many a sturdy wild-olive, you must lay my body on them and with a flaming pine-torch burn it. And let no tear of mourning show itself there. No, do this without laments or tears, if you are indeed my son. But if you fail to do this, even from the world below my curse and my wrath shall await you for ever.

Ὕλλος 1203οἴμοι, πάτερ, τί δʼ εἶπας; οἷά μʼ εἴργασαι. Ἡρακλῆς ὁποῖα δραστέʼ ἐστίν· εἰ δὲ μή, πατρὸς 1205ἄλλου γενοῦ του μηδʼ ἐμὸς κληθῇς ἔτι. Ὕλλος οἴμοι μάλʼ αὖθις, οἷά μʼ ἐκκαλεῖ, πάτερ, φονέα γενέσθαι καὶ παλαμναῖον σέθεν. Ἡρακλῆς οὐ δῆτʼ ἔγωγʼ, ἀλλʼ ὧν ἔχω παιώνιον καὶ μοῦνον ἰατῆρα τῶν ἐμῶν κακῶν. Ὕλλος 1210καὶ πῶς ὑπαίθων σῶμʼ ἂν ἰῴμην τὸ σόν; Ἡρακλῆς ἀλλʼ εἰ φοβεῖ πρὸς τοῦτο, τἄλλα γʼ ἔργασαι. Ὕλλος φορᾶς γέ τοι φθόνησις οὐ γενήσεται. Ἡρακλῆς ἦ καὶ πυρᾶς πλήρωμα τῆς εἰρημένης; Ὕλλος ὅσον γʼ ἂν αὐτὸς μὴ ποτιψαύων χεροῖν· 1215τὰ δʼ ἄλλα πράξω κοὐ καμεῖ τοὐμὸν μέρος. Ἡρακλῆς ἀλλʼ ἀρκέσει καὶ ταῦτα· πρόσνειμαι δέ μοι χάριν βραχεῖαν πρὸς μακροῖς ἄλλοις διδούς. Ὕλλος εἰ καὶ μακρὰ κάρτʼ ἐστίν, ἐργασθήσεται. Ἡρακλῆς τὴν Εὐρυτείαν οἶσθα δῆτα παρθένον; Ὕλλος 1220Ἰόλην ἔλεξας, ὥς γʼ ἐπεικάζειν ἐμέ.

Hyllus Ah, Father, what have you said? What you have done to me!

Heracles I have spoken that which you must perform. If you refuse, then get yourself some other father, and be called my son no longer!

Hyllus Ah, me! What deeds you call on me to do, Father—that I should become your murderer, polluted with your blood!

Heracles Not so, in truth, but healer of my sufferings, sole physician of my pain!

Hyllus And how, by inflaming your body, shall I heal it?

Heracles If your fear keeps you from this one task, at least perform the rest.

Hyllus The service of carrying you will not be refused.

Heracles And the heaping of the pyre which I have ordered?

Hyllus Yes, except that I will not touch fire to it with my own hands. All else will I do, and you will have no hindrance on my part.

Heracles Well, that much will be enough—yet add one small favor to your large benefits.

Hyllus Even if it is tremendously large, it will be done.

Heracles Do you know, then, the maiden, daughter of Eurytus?

Hyllus You mean Iole, I would guess.

Heracles

1221ἔγνως. τοσοῦτον δή σʼ ἐπισκήπτω, τέκνον· ταύτην ἐμοῦ θανόντος, εἴπερ εὐσεβεῖν βούλει, πατρῴων ὁρκίων μεμνημένος, προσθοῦ δάμαρτα, μηδʼ ἀπιστήσῃς πατρί· 1225μηδʼ ἄλλος ἀνδρῶν τοῖς ἐμοῖς πλευροῖς ὁμοῦ κλιθεῖσαν αὐτὴν ἀντὶ σοῦ λάβῃ ποτέ, ἀλλʼ αὐτός, ὦ παῖ, τοῦτο κήδευσον λέχος. πείθου· τὸ γάρ τοι μεγάλα πιστεύσαντʼ ἐμοὶ σμικροῖς ἀπιστεῖν τὴν πάρος συγχεῖ χάριν.

You know her. Just this is the command that I impose upon you, my son: when I am dead, if you wish to show your piety by remembrance of your oath to your father, make this woman your wife and do not disobey your father. Let no other but you take her who has lain close at my side. You, my son, make that marriage-bond your own. Obey; for although you were obedient in great affairs, your disobedience in small ones cancels the gratitude already won.

Ὕλλος 1230οἴμοι· τὸ μὲν νοσοῦντι θυμοῦσθαι κακόν, τὸ δʼ ὧδʼ ὁρᾶν φρονοῦντα τίς ποτʼ ἂν φέροι; Ἡρακλῆς ὡς ἐργασείων οὐδὲν ὧν λέγω θροεῖς. Ὕλλος τίς γάρ ποθʼ, ἥ μοι μητρὶ μὲν θανεῖν μόνη μεταίτιος σοί τʼ αὖθις ὡς ἔχεις ἔχειν, 1235τίς ταῦτʼ ἄν, ὅστις μὴ ʼξ ἀλαστόρων νοσοῖ, ἕλοιτο; κρεῖσσον κἀμέ γʼ, ὦ πάτερ, θανεῖν ἢ τοῖσιν ἐχθίστοισι συνναίειν ὁμοῦ. Ἡρακλῆς ἁνὴρ ὅδʼ, ὡς ἔοικεν, οὐ νεμεῖν ἐμοὶ φθίνοντι μοῖραν· ἀλλά τοι θεῶν ἀρὰ 1240μενεῖ σʼ ἀπιστήσαντα τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις. Ὕλλος ὤμοι, τάχʼ, ὡς ἔοικας, ὡς νοσεῖς φράσεις. Ἡρακλῆς σὺ γάρ μʼ ἀπʼ εὐνασθέντος ἐκκινεῖς κακοῦ. Ὕλλος δείλαιος, ὡς ἐς πολλὰ τἀπορεῖν ἔχω. Ἡρακλῆς οὐ γὰρ δικαιοῖς τοῦ φυτεύσαντος κλύειν. Ὕλλος 1245ἀλλʼ ἐκδιδαχθῶ δῆτα δυσσεβεῖν, πάτερ; Ἡρακλῆς οὐ δυσσέβεια, τοὐμὸν εἰ τέρψεις κέαρ. Ὕλλος πράσσειν ἄνωγας οὖν με πανδίκως τάδε; Ἡρακλῆς ἔγωγε· τούτων μάρτυρας καλῶ θεούς. Ὕλλος τοιγὰρ ποήσω κοὐκ ἀπώσομαι, τὸ σὸν 1250θεοῖσι δεικνὺς ἔργον· οὐ γὰρ ἄν ποτε κακὸς φανείην σοί γε πιστεύσας, πάτερ. Ἡρακλῆς καλῶς τελευτᾷς, κἀπὶ τοῖσδε τὴν χάριν ταχεῖαν, ὦ παῖ, πρόσθες, ὡς πρὶν ἐμπεσεῖν σπαραγμὸν ἤ τινʼ οἶστρον, ἐς πυράν με θῇς. 1255ἄγʼ ἐγκονεῖτʼ, αἴρεσθε· παῦλά τοι κακῶν αὕτη, τελευτὴ τοῦδε τἀνδρὸς ὑστάτη. Ὕλλος ἀλλʼ οὐδὲν εἴργει σοὶ τελειοῦσθαι τάδε, ἐπεὶ κελεύεις κἀξαναγκάζεις, πάτερ.

Hyllus Ah, me, it is wrong to be angry with a sick man, but who could bear to see him have thoughts like these?

Heracles Your words show no willingness to do as I say.

Hyllus Who on earth would, when she alone is to blame for my mother’s death, and for your present condition besides? Who would choose to do so, unless he were infected by avenging fiends? It would be better, Father, that I also die, rather than live united with those whom I most detest!

Heracles The man will render no due respect, it seems, to my dying prayer. No, be sure that the curse of the gods will await you for disobeying my commands.

Hyllus Ah, you will soon show, it seems, how diseased you are!

Heracles Yes, for you stir me from my slumbering plague.

Hyllus I am miserable! I have no way out of so many dilemmas!

Heracles Yes, since you think it wrong to obey your begetter.

Hyllus But must I then learn to be unholy, Father?

Heracles It is not unholy, if you gladden my heart.

Hyllus Do you, then, command me to do this as a clear duty?

Heracles I do, and I call on the gods to bear me witness!

Hyllus Then I will do it, and not refuse, —calling upon the gods to witness your deed. I can never be condemned for obeying you, Father.

Heracles Your words make a fair ending, and to them, my son, quickly add the gracious deed itself, so that you may place me on the pyre before any pain returns to tear or sting me. Come, make haste and lift me! This, in truth, is rest from troubles, this is the end, the last end, of Heracles!

Hyllus Nothing hinders the fulfillment of your wish, since your commandment strongly compels me, Father.

Ἡρακλῆς 1259ἄγε νυν, πρὶν τήνδʼ ἀνακινῆσαι 1260νόσον, ὦ ψυχὴ σκληρά, χάλυβος λιθοκόλλητον στόμιον παρέχουσʼ, ἀνάπαυε βοήν, ὡς ἐπίχαρτον τελέουσʼ ἀεκούσιον ἔργον. Ὕλλος αἴρετʼ, ὀπαδοί, μεγάλην μὲν ἐμοὶ 1265τούτων θέμενοι συγγνωμοσύνην, μεγάλην δὲ θεῶν ἀγνωμοσύνην εἰδότες ἔργων τῶν πρασσομένων, οἳ φύσαντες καὶ κλῃζόμενοι πατέρες τοιαῦτʼ ἐφορῶσι πάθη. 1270τὰ μὲν οὖν μέλλοντʼ οὐδεὶς ἐφορᾷ, τὰ δὲ νῦν ἑστῶτʼ οἰκτρὰ μὲν ἡμῖν, αἰσχρὰ δʼ ἐκείνοις, χαλεπώτατα δʼ οὖν ἀνδρῶν πάντων τῷ τήνδʼ ἄτην ὑπέχοντι. 1275λείπου μηδὲ σύ, παρθένʼ, ἀπʼ οἴκων, μεγάλους μὲν ἰδοῦσα νέους θανάτους, πολλὰ δὲ πήματα καὶ καινοπαθῆ, κοὐδὲν τούτων ὅ τι μὴ Ζεύς.

Heracles Come, then, before you awaken this plague, O my hardened soul, give me a bit of steel to bind my lips like stone to stone! Stop any cry, since the task you accomplish, though by constraint, gives cause for joy.

Hyllus Lift him, attendants! Grant me ample forgiveness for this, but also recall the great cruelty of the gods in the deeds that are being done. They beget children and are hailed as fathers, and yet they can let such sufferings pass before their eyes. No man foresees the future; the present is full of mourning for us, and of shame for the powers above, and indeed of hardship beyond compare for him who endures this disaster. And you, maiden, do not be left at the house. You have seen immense, shocking death, with sorrows great in number and strange. And in all of them there is nothing that is not Zeus.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1892). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Trachiniae, Cambridge University Press, 1892 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Women of Trachis 1193–1278: The pyre on Oeta