Sophocles · Women of Trachis Τραχίνιαι

Sophocles, Women of Trachis 141–204: First episode: the tablet and the Messenger's good news

Deianeira tells the women what Heracles left with her before he went: a tablet foretelling that after fifteen months he would either die or live free from toil, and she says that this is the moment. A Messenger from the army, crowned with garlands, announces that Heracles is alive and victorious and that his herald Lichas is on his way. Deianeira prays in joy to Zeus.

Lines 141–204 · 650 words · click a number to copy its link
Δηιάνειρα 141πεπυσμένη μέν, ὡς ἀπεικάσαι, πάρει πάθημα τοὐμόν· ὡς δʼ ἐγὼ θυμοφθορῶ, μήτʼ ἐκμάθοις παθοῦσα νῦν τʼ ἄπειρος εἶ. τὸ γὰρ νεάζον ἐν τοιοῖσδε βόσκεται 145χώροισιν αὑτοῦ, καί νιν οὐ θάλπος θεοῦ οὐδʼ ὄμβρος οὐδὲ πνευμάτων οὐδὲν κλονεῖ, ἀλλʼ ἡδοναῖς ἄμοχθον ἐξαίρει βίον ἐς τοῦθʼ ἕως τις ἀντὶ παρθένου γυνὴ κληθῇ λάβῃ τʼ ἐν νυκτὶ φροντίδων μέρος, 150ἤτοι πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ἢ τέκνων φοβουμένη. τότʼ ἄν τις εἰσίδοιτο, τὴν αὑτοῦ σκοπῶν πρᾶξιν, κακοῖσιν οἷς ἐγὼ βαρύνομαι. πάθη μὲν οὖν δὴ πόλλʼ ἔγωγʼ ἐκλαυσάμην· ἓν δʼ, οἷον οὔπω πρόσθεν, αὐτίκʼ ἐξερῶ. 155ὁδὸν γὰρ ἦμος τὴν τελευταίαν ἄναξ ὡρμᾶτʼ ἀπʼ οἴκων Ἡρακλῆς, τότʼ ἐν δόμοις λείπει παλαιὰν δέλτον ἐγγεγραμμένην ξυνθήμαθʼ, ἁμοὶ πρόσθεν οὐκ ἔτλη ποτέ, πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας ἐξιών, οὔπω φράσαι, 160ἀλλʼ ὥς τι δράσων εἷρπε κοὐ θανούμενος. νῦν δʼ ὡς ἔτʼ οὐκ ὢν εἶπε μὲν λέχους ὅ τι χρείη μʼ ἑλέσθαι κτῆσιν εἶπε δʼ ἣν τέκνοις μοῖραν πατρῴας γῆς διαιρετὸν νέμοι, χρόνον προτάξας ὡς τρίμηνον ἡνίκα 165χώρας ἀπείη κἀνιαύσιον βεβώς, τότʼ ἢ θανεῖν χρείη σφε τῷδε τῷ χρόνῳ ἢ τοῦθʼ ὑπεκδραμόντα τοῦ χρόνου τέλος τὸ λοιπὸν ἤδη ζῆν ἀλυπήτῳ βίῳ. τοιαῦτʼ ἔφραζε πρὸς θεῶν εἱμαρμένα 170τῶν Ἡρακλείων ἐκτελευτᾶσθαι πόνων, ὡς τὴν παλαιὰν φηγὸν αὐδῆσαί ποτε Δωδῶνι δισσῶν ἐκ Πελειάδων ἔφη. καὶ τῶνδε ναμέρτεια συμβαίνει χρόνου τοῦ νῦν παρόντος, ὡς τελεσθῆναι χρεών· 175ὥσθʼ ἡδέως εὕδουσαν ἐκπηδᾶν ἐμὲ φόβῳ, φίλαι, ταρβοῦσαν, εἴ με χρὴ μένειν πάντων ἀρίστου φωτὸς ἐστερημένην. Χορός εὐφημίαν νῦν ἴσχʼ· ἐπεὶ καταστεφῆ στείχονθʼ ὁρῶ τινʼ ἄνδρα πρὸς χαρὰν λόγων.

Deianeira You have heard of my trouble, I would guess, and that has brought you here. But the anguish which consumes my heart—may you never come to know it through your own experience!—to that now you are total strangers. Yes, a young life grows in those sheltered regions of its own, and the Sun-god’s heat disturbs it not, nor rain, nor any wind. Rather it takes up a toilless existence amidst pleasure, until such time as she is called “wife” instead of “maiden”, and takes her portion of anxious thoughts in the night, fearing for husband or for children. At that point a woman could understand the burden of my misfortunes by recalling her own experience. As a matter of fact, I have had many a trouble to weep for, but I am going to speak of one that none of the previous could equal. When lord Heracles was setting out from home on his last journey, he left in the house an ancient tablet, inscribed with signs which he had never before brought himself to explain to me when going out on one of his many labors. He had always departed as if to conquer, not to die. But now, as if he were a doomed man, he told me what I should take for my marriage portion, and what share of their father’s land he wished divided for his children. And he fixed the time for the division, saying that, when he had been gone from our land for a year and three months, he was fated either to die at that time, or by escaping the end of the period to live thereafter an untroubled life. That, he explained, was the fate ordained by the gods to be the end of the labors of Heracles just as, he said, the ancient oak at Dodona had once told him through the mouths of the two Peleiades. And it is in the present time that the truth of these prophecies is coming to pass, so that they must be fulfilled. As a result I leap up from sweet sleep in fear, dear maidens, terrified at the possibility that I must remain widowed of the noblest man of all.

Chorus Hush—no more ill-omened words! I see a man approaching who is crowned with garlands as if for joyous news.

Ἄγγελος 180δέσποινα Δῃάνειρα, πρῶτος ἀγγέλων ὄκνου σε λύσω· τὸν γὰρ Ἀλκμήνης τόκον καὶ ζῶντʼ ἐπίστω καὶ κρατοῦντα κἀκ μάχης ἄγοντʼ ἀπαρχὰς θεοῖσι τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις. Δηιάνειρα τίνʼ εἶπας, ὦ γεραιέ, τόνδε μοι λόγον; Ἄγγελος 185τάχʼ ἐς δόμους σοὺς τὸν πολύζηλον πόσιν ἥξειν φανέντα σὺν κράτει νικηφόρῳ. Δηιάνειρα καὶ τοῦ τόδʼ ἀστῶν ἢ ξένων μαθὼν λέγεις; Ἄγγελος ἐν βουθερεῖ λειμῶνι πρὸς πολλοὺς θροεῖ Λίχας ὁ κῆρυξ ταῦτα· τοῦδʼ ἐγὼ κλύων 190ἀπῇξʼ, ὅπως τοι πρῶτος ἀγγείλας τάδε πρὸς σοῦ τι κερδάναιμι καὶ κτῴμην χάριν. Δηιάνειρα αὐτὸς δὲ πῶς ἄπεστιν, εἴπερ εὐτυχεῖ; Ἄγγελος οὐκ εὐμαρείᾳ χρώμενος πολλῇ, γύναι. κύκλῳ γὰρ αὐτὸν Μηλιεὺς ἅπας λεὼς 195κρίνει παραστάς, οὐδʼ ἔχει βῆναι πρόσω· τὸ γὰρ ποθοῦν ἕκαστος ἐκμαθεῖν θέλων οὐκ ἂν μεθεῖτο, πρὶν καθʼ ἡδονὴν κλύειν. οὕτως ἐκεῖνος οὐχ ἑκών, ἑκοῦσι δὲ ξύνεστιν· ὄψει δʼ αὐτὸν αὐτίκʼ ἐμφανῆ. Δηιάνειρα 200ὦ Ζεῦ, τὸν Οἴτης ἄτομον ὃς λειμῶνʼ ἔχεις, ἔδωκας ἡμῖν ἀλλὰ σὺν χρόνῳ χαράν. φωνήσατʼ, ὦ γυναῖκες, αἵ τʼ εἴσω στέγης αἵ τʼ ἐκτὸς αὐλῆς, ὡς ἄελπτον ὄμμʼ ἐμοὶ φήμης ἀνασχὸν τῆσδε νῦν καρπούμεθα.

Messenger Queen Deianeira, I shall be the first messenger to free you from fear. Know that Alcmena’s son lives and triumphs, and from battle brings the first-fruits to the gods of this land.

Deianeira What news is this, old man, that you give me?

Messenger That your much-admired husband will soon come to your house, revealed in his victorious might.

Deianeira From what citizen or what stranger did you learn these tidings?

Messenger In the meadow, the summer haunt of oxen, Lichas the herald is proclaiming it to many. From him I heard it, and dashed away so that, in all honesty, having been the first to report this news, I might profit in some way by you and win your favor.

Deianeira And why is he not here, if he is so successful?

Messenger He does not, my lady, enjoy ease of movement. The entire Malian populace stands about him in a circle and questions him, and he cannot move forward. Each person is bent on learning according to his desire, and will not release the man until he has heard his pleasure. Thus against his wishes, but in keeping with theirs, he is with them. Yet you will soon see him face to face.

Deianeira O Zeus, ruler of the sacred uncut meadow of Oeta, at last, though after much delay, you have given us joy! Uplift your voices, you women within the house and you beyond our gates, since now we enjoy the brightness of this message, which has risen on us beyond my hope!

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1892). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Trachiniae, Cambridge University Press, 1892 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.