Sophocles · Women of Trachis Τραχίνιαι

Sophocles, Women of Trachis 205–292: First stasimon; Lichas arrives with the captive women

The Chorus call on the women to raise a cry of joy for the return of Heracles and for Apollo and Artemis. Lichas arrives with a group of captive women and tells Deianeira that her husband is alive and about to offer sacrifice at Cape Cenaeum in Euboea. He says that Heracles was kept for a year in servitude to Omphale in Lydia as a penalty for killing Iphitus by treachery, and that he then sacked the city of Eurytus.

Lines 205–292 · 774 words · click a number to copy its link

Chorus

205ἀνολολυξάτω δόμοις ἐφεστίοις ἀλαλαγαῖς ἁ μελλόνυμφος, ἐν δὲ κοινὸς ἀρσένων ἴτω κλαγγὰ τὸν εὐφαρέτραν Ἀπόλλω προστάταν· ὁμοῦ δὲ 210παιᾶνα παιᾶνʼ ἀνάγετʼ, ὦ παρθένοι, βοᾶτε τὰν ὁμόσπορον Ἄρτεμιν Ὀρτυγίαν ἐλαφαβόλον ἀμφίπυρον, γείτονάς τε Νύμφας. 215ἀείρομαι οὐδʼ ἀπώσομαι τὸν αὐλόν, ὦ τύραννε τᾶς ἐμᾶς φρενός. ἰδού μʼ ἀναταράσσει, εὐοῖ μʼ, ὁ κισσὸς ἄρτι βακχίαν 220ὑποστρέφων ἅμιλλαν. ἰὼ ἰὼ Παιάν. ἴδʼ, ὦ φίλα γύναι, τάδʼ ἀντίπρῳρα δή σοι βλέπειν πάρεστʼ ἐναργῆ.

Let the brides of tomorrow raise a joyous cry for the house with shouts of triumph at the hearth. Among them let the yell of the men go up in unison for Apollo of the bright quiver, our defender! And at the same time, maidens, lift up a paean, cry aloud to his sister, Ortygian Artemis, huntress of deer, goddess with torch in each hand, and to the nymphs her neighbors! I am uplifted, I will not spurn the flute—O you master of my heart! Behold, his ivy stirs me! Euoe! Quickly it wheels me round in Bacchus’s race! Oh, oh, Paean! Look, dear lady! All is taking shape, plain to see, before your gaze.

Δηιάνειρα 225ὁρῶ, φίλαι γυναῖκες, οὐδέ μʼ ὄμματος φρουρὰν παρῆλθε, τόνδε μὴ λεύσσειν στόλον· χαίρειν δὲ τὸν κήρυκα προυννέπω, χρόνῳ πολλῷ φανέντα, χαρτὸν εἴ τι καὶ φέρεις. Λίχας ἀλλʼ εὖ μὲν ἵγμεθʼ, εὖ δὲ προσφωνούμεθα, 230γύναι, κατʼ ἔργου κτῆσιν· ἄνδρα γὰρ καλῶς πράσσοντʼ ἀνάγκη χρηστὰ κερδαίνειν ἔπη. Δηιάνειρα ὦ φίλτατʼ ἀνδρῶν, πρῶθʼ ἃ πρῶτα βούλομαι δίδαξον, εἰ ζῶνθʼ Ἡρακλῆ προσδέξομαι. Λίχας ἔγωγέ τοι σφʼ ἔλειπον ἰσχύοντά τε 235καὶ ζῶντα καὶ θάλλοντα κοὐ νόσῳ βαρύν. Δηιάνειρα ποῦ γῆς; πατρῴας εἴτε βαρβάρου; λέγε. Λίχας ἀκτή τις ἔστʼ Εὐβοιίς, ἔνθʼ ὁρίζεται βωμοὺς τέλη τʼ ἔγκαρπα Κηναίῳ Διί. Δηιάνειρα εὐκταῖα φαίνων ἢ ἀπὸ μαντείας τινός; Λίχας 240εὐχαῖς ὅθʼ ᾕρει τῶνδʼ ἀνάστατον δορὶ χώραν γυναικῶν ὧν ὁρᾷς ἐν ὄμμασιν. Δηιάνειρα αὗται δέ, πρὸς θεῶν, τοῦ ποτʼ εἰσὶ καὶ τίνες; οἰκτραὶ γάρ, εἰ μὴ ξυμφοραὶ κλέπτουσί με. Λίχας ταύτας ἐκεῖνος Εὐρύτου πέρσας πόλιν 245ἐξείλεθʼ αὑτῷ κτῆμα καὶ θεοῖς κριτόν. Δηιάνειρα ἦ κἀπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πόλει τὸν ἄσκοπον χρόνον βεβὼς ἦν ἡμερῶν ἀνήριθμον;

Deianeira I see it, dear maidens; the sight has not escaped my watchful eyes. I see that procession. I bid the herald joyous welcome after his long absence!—if indeed you bring anything that gives joy.

Lichas We are happy in our return, and happy in your greeting, lady, in accordance with the deed achieved. For when a man has fair fortune, it is his right to win good welcome.

Deianeira Most welcome man, tell me first what first I would know—shall I receive Heracles alive?

Lichas I certainly left him alive and well, in vigorous health, unburdened by disease.

Deianeira Where, tell me—in his ancestral land, or on barbarian soil?

Lichas There is a headland of Euboea, where to Cenaean Zeus he marks out altars and fruitful ground in tribute.

Deianeira In payment of a vow, or at the command of an oracle?

Lichas For a vow, made when he was seeking to conquer and plunder the country of these women whom you see before you.

Deianeira And these—who are they, by the gods, and whose daughters? They deserve pity, unless their misfortune deceives me.

Lichas These are captives whom he selected as choice spoils for himself and for the gods when he sacked the city of Eurytus.

Deianeira Was it in fact the war against that city which kept him away so long, beyond all forecast, past all count of days?

Lichas

248οὔκ, ἀλλὰ τὸν μὲν πλεῖστον ἐν Λυδοῖς χρόνον κατείχεθʼ, ὥς φησʼ αὐτός, οὐκ ἐλεύθερος, 250ἀλλʼ ἐμποληθείς· τοῦ λόγου δʼ οὐ χρὴ φθόνον, γύναι, προσεῖναι, Ζεὺς ὅτου πράκτωρ φανῇ. κεῖνος δὲ πραθεὶς Ὀμφάλῃ τῇ βαρβάρῳ ἐνιαυτὸν ἐξέπλησεν, ὡς αὐτὸς λέγει. χοὔτως ἐδήχθη τοῦτο τοὔνειδος λαβὼν 255ὥσθʼ ὅρκον αὑτῷ προσβαλὼν διώμοσεν, ἦ μὴν τὸν ἀγχιστῆρα τοῦδε τοῦ πάθους ξὺν παιδὶ καὶ γυναικὶ δουλώσειν ἔτι. κοὐχ ἡλίωσε τοὔπος, ἀλλʼ ὅθʼ ἁγνὸς ἦν, στρατὸν λαβὼν ἐπακτὸν ἔρχεται πόλιν 260τὴν Εὐρυτείαν. τόνδε γὰρ μεταίτιον μόνον βροτῶν ἔφασκε τοῦδʼ εἶναι πάθους· ὃς αὐτὸν ἐλθόντʼ ἐς δόμους ἐφέστιον, ξένον παλαιὸν ὄντα, πολλὰ μὲν λόγοις ἐπερρόθησε, πολλὰ δʼ ἀτηρᾷ φρενί,

No. The greater part of the time he was detained in Lydia, no free man, as he declares, but sold into servitude. No offense should be taken at my tale, lady, when the deed is found to be Zeus’ work. He passed a whole year, as he himself says, a bought slave to the barbarian Omphale. And so stung was he by the shame of it, that he bound himself by a solemn oath, swearing one day to enslave with wife and child the man who had brought that suffering upon him. And not in vain did he speak the oath; but, when he had been purified, he gathered a mercenary army and went against the city of Eurytus. For, Heracles asserted, that man alone of mortals had a share in causing his suffering. For when Heracles, a guest-friend of long standing, came to his house and hearth, Eurytus roared against him with insults of ruinous intent, saying that, although Heracles had inevitable shafts in his hands, he fell short of his own sons in the contest of the bow.

Lichas

265λέγων χεροῖν μὲν ὡς ἄφυκτʼ ἔχων βέλη τῶν ὧν τέκνων λείποιτο πρὸς τόξου κρίσιν, φωνεῖ δὲ δοῦλος ἀνδρὸς ὡς ἐλευθέρου ῥαίοιτο· δείπνοις δʼ ἡνίκʼ ἦν ᾠνωμένος, ἔρριψεν ἐκτὸς αὐτόν. ὧν ἔχων χόλον, 270ὡς ἵκετʼ αὖθις Ἴφιτος Τιρυνθίαν πρὸς κλιτύν, ἵππους νομάδας ἐξιχνοσκοπῶν, τότʼ ἄλλοσʼ αὐτὸν ὄμμα, θατέρᾳ δὲ νοῦν ἔχοντʼ, ἀπʼ ἄκρας ἧκε πυργώδους πλακός. ἔργου δʼ ἕκατι τοῦδε μηνίσας ἄναξ 275ὁ τῶν ἁπάντων Ζεὺς πατὴρ Ὀλύμπιος πρατόν νιν ἐξέπεμψεν οὐδʼ ἠνέσχετο, ὁθούνεκʼ αὐτὸν μοῦνον ἀνθρώπων δόλῳ ἔκτεινεν· εἰ γὰρ ἐμφανῶς ἠμύνατο, Ζεύς τἂν συνέγνω ξὺν δίκῃ χειρουμένῳ· 280ὕβριν γὰρ οὐ στέργουσιν οὐδὲ δαίμονες. κεῖνοι δʼ ὑπερχλίοντες ἐκ γλώσσης κακῆς αὐτοὶ μὲν Ἅιδου πάντες εἴσʼ οἰκήτορες, πόλις δὲ δούλη· τάσδε δʼ ἅσπερ εἰσορᾷς ἐξ ὀλβίων ἄζηλον εὑροῦσαι βίον 285χωροῦσι πρὸς σέ· ταῦτα γὰρ πόσις τε σὸς ἐφεῖτʼ, ἐγὼ δὲ πιστὸς ὢν κείνῳ τελῶ. αὐτὸν δʼ ἐκεῖνον, εὖτʼ ἂν ἁγνὰ θύματα ῥέξῃ πατρῴῳ Ζηνὶ τῆς ἁλώσεως, φρόνει νιν ὡς ἥξοντα· τοῦτο γὰρ λόγου 290πολλοῦ καλῶς λεχθέντος ἥδιστον κλύειν.

Next he shouted that Heracles was a freeman’s slave, a broken hulk, and then at a banquet, when his guest was full of wine, he tossed him from his home. Furious at this treatment, when afterward Iphitus came to the hill of Tiryns on the track of horses that had strayed, Heracles seized a moment when the man’s eyes were one place and his thoughts another, and hurled him from a towering summit. But in anger at that deed, the king, the father of all, Olympian Zeus, sent him away to be sold, and did not tolerate that this once, he killed a man by guile. Had he achieved his vengeance openly, Zeus would surely have pardoned him the righteous triumph. For the gods do not love criminal behavior either. So those men, who gloried in bitter speech, are themselves residents of Hades, all of them, and their city is enslaved. And the women whom you see, fallen from happiness to misery, are sent here to you. For that was your husband’s command, which I, his faithful servant, perform. As for the man himself, know that he will come, once he has made pure sacrifice to Zeus of his fathers for the sacking of the city. After all the good news that has been told, this, indeed, is the sweetest word to hear.

Chorus

291ἄνασσα, νῦν σοι τέρψις ἐμφανὴς κυρεῖ, τῶν μὲν παρόντων, τὰ δὲ πεπυσμένῃ λόγῳ.

Now, O Queen, your joy is plainly revealed; part is with you, and of the rest you have foreknowledge.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1892). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Trachiniae, Cambridge University Press, 1892 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.