Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 8.1–151: Scylla and Nisus

Minos besieges Megara, where Nisus, the king, wears a purple lock of hair on which his safety depends. His daughter Scylla, who loves Minos from the wall, cuts off the lock and takes it to him, but Minos rejects her for her treachery and sails away. Scylla, abandoned, swims after the ship and is turned into a sea-bird, the ciris, which is pursued by her father, turned into an osprey.

Lines 8.1–151 · 1794 words · click a number to copy its link
1Iam nitidum retegente diem noctisque fugante tempora Lucifero cadit eurus, et umida surgunt nubila: dant placidi cursum redeuntibus austri Aeacidis Cephaloque, quibus feliciter acti 5ante exspectatum portus tenuere petitos. Interea Minos Lelegeia litora vastat praetemptatque sui vires Mavortis in urbe Alcathoi, quam Nisus habet, cui splendidus ostro inter honoratos medioque in vertice canos 10crinis inhaerebat, magni fiducia regni. Sexta resurgebant orientis cornua lunae, et pendebat adhuc belli fortuna: diuque inter utrumque volat dubiis Victoria pennis. Regia turris erat vocalibus addita muris, 15in quibus auratam proles Letoia fertur deposuisse lyram: saxo sonus eius inhaesit. Saepe illuc solita est ascendere filia Nisi et petere exiguo resonantia saxa lapillo, tum cum pax esset: bello quoque saepe solebat 20spectare ex illa rigidi certamina Martis.

Now Lucifer unveiled the glorious day,
and as the session of the night dissolved,
the cool east wind declined, and vapors wreathed
the moistened valleys. Veering to the south
the welcome wind gave passage to the sons
of Aeacus, and wafted Cephalus
on his returning way, propitious; where
before the wonted hour, they entered port.
King Minos, while the fair wind moved their ship,
was laying waste the land of Megara.
He gathered a great army round the walls
built by Alcathous, where reigned in splendor
King Nisus—mighty and renowned in war—
upon the center of whose hoary head
a lock of purple hair was growing.—Its
proved virtue gave protection to his throne.
Six times the horns of rising Phoebe grew,
and still the changing fortune of the war
was in suspense; so, Victory day by day
between them hovered on uncertain wings.
Within that city was a regal tower
on tuneful walls; where once Apollo laid
his golden harp; and in the throbbing stone
the sounds remained. And there, in times of peace
the daughter of king Nisus loved to mount
the walls and strike the sounding stone with pebbles:
so, when the war began, she often viewed
the dreadful contest from that height;
until, so long the hostile camp remained,
she had become acquainted with the names,
and knew the habits, horses and the arms
of many a chief, and could discern the signs
of their Cydonean quivers.

21Iamque mora belli procerum quoque nomina norat armaque equosque habitusque Cydonaeasque pharetras. Noverat ante alios faciem ducis Europaei, plus etiam, quam nosse sat est. Hac iudice Minos, 25seu caput abdiderat cristata casside pennis, in galea formosus erat; seu sumpserat aere fulgentem clipeum, clipeum sumpsisse decebat. Torserat adductis hastilia lenta lacertis: laudabat virgo iunctam cum viribus artem. 30Imposito calamo patulos sinuaverat arcus: sic Phoebum sumptis iurabat stare sagittis. Cum vero faciem dempto nudaverat aere purpureusque albi stratis insignia pictis terga premebat equi spumantiaque ora regebat, 35vix sua, vix sanae virgo Niseia compos mentis erat. Felix iaculum, quod tangeret ille, quaeque manu premeret, felicia frena vocabat.

More than all,
the features of King Minos were engraved
upon the tablets of her mind. And when
he wore his helmet, crested with gay plumes,
she deemed it glorious; when he held his shield
shining with gold, no other seemed so grand;
and when he poised to hurl the tough spear home,
she praised his skill and strength; and when he bent
his curving bow with arrow on the cord,
she pictured him as Phoebus taking aim,—
but when, arrayed in purple, and upon
the back of his white war horse, proudly decked
with richly broidered housings, he reined in
the nervous steed, and took his helmet off,
showing his fearless features, then the maid,
daughter of Nisus, could control herself
no longer; and a frenzy seized her mind.
She called the javelin happy which he touched,
and blessed were the reins within his hand.

38Impetus est illi, liceat modo, ferre per agmen virgineos hostile gradus, est impetus illi 40turribus e summis in Gnosia mittere corpus castra, vel aeratas hosti recludere portas, vel siquid Minos aliud velit. Utque sedebat candida Dictaei spectans tentoria regis, “laeter,” ait “doleamne geri lacrimabile bellum, 45in dubio est. Doleo, quod Minos hostis amanti est: sed nisi bella forent, numquam mihi cognitus esset. Me tamen accepta poterat deponere bellum obside, me comitem, me pacis pignus haberet. Si quae te peperit, talis, pulcherrime rerum, 50qualis es ipsa fuit, merito deus arsit in illa. O ego ter felix, si pennis lapsa per auras Gnosiaci possem castris insistere regis fassaque me flammasque meas, qua dote, rogarem, vellet emi! tantum patrias ne posceret arces.

She had an impulse to direct her steps,
a tender virgin, through the hostile ranks,
or cast her body from the topmost towers
into the Gnossian camp. She had a wild
desire to open to the enemy
the heavy brass-bound gates, or anything
that Minos could desire.
And as she sat
beholding the white tents, she cried, “Alas!
Should I rejoice or grieve to see this war?
I grieve that Minos is the enemy
of her who loves him; but unless the war
had brought him, how could he be known to me?
But should he take me for a hostage? That
might end the war—a pledge of peace, he might
keep me for his companion.
“O, supreme
of mankind! she who bore you must have been
as beautiful as you are; ample cause
for Jove to lose his heart.
“O, happy hour!
If moving upon wings through yielding air,
I could alight within the hostile camp
in front of Minos, and declare to him
my name and passion!
“Then would I implore
what dowry he could wish, and would provide
whatever he might ask, except alone
the city of my father. Perish all
my secret hopes before one act of mine
should offer treason to accomplish it.

55Nam pereant potius sperata cubilia, quam sim proditione potens! — Quamvis saepe utile vinci victoris placidi fecit clementia multis: iusta gerit certe pro nato bella perempto et causaque valet causamque tenentibus armis, 60et, puto, vincemur. Quis enim manet exitus urbem, cum suus haec illi reserabit moenia Mavors et non noster amor? Melius sine caede moraque impensaque sui poterit superare cruoris. Non metuam certe, ne quis tua pectora, Minos, 65vulneret imprudens. Quis enim tam durus, ut in te dirigere inmitem non inscius audeat hastam? Coepta placent, et stat sententia tradere mecum dotalem patriam finemque imponere bello. Verum velle parum est! Aditus custodia servat 70claustraque portarum genitor tenet: hunc ego solum infelix timeo, solus mea vota moratur. Di facerent, sine patre forem! — Sibi quisque profecto est deus: ignavis precibus Fortuna repugnat.

And yet, the kindness of a conqueror
has often proved a blessing, manifest
to those who were defeated. Certainly
the war he carries on is justified
by his slain son.
“He is a mighty king,
thrice strengthened in his cause. Undoubtedly
we shall be conquered, and, if such a fate
awaits our city, why should he by force
instead of my consuming love, prevail
to open the strong gates? Without delay
and dreadful slaughter, it is best for him
to conquer and decide this savage war.
“Ah, Minos, how I fear the bitter fate
should any warrior hurl his cruel spear
and pierce you by mischance, for surely none
can be so hardened to transfix your breast
with purpose known.”
Oh, let her love prevail
to open for his army the great gates.
Only the thought of it, has filled her soul;
she is determined to deliver up
her country as a dowry with herself,
and so decide the war! But what avails
this idle talk.
“A guard surrounds the gates,
my father keeps the keys, and he alone
is my obstruction, and the innocent
account of my despair. Would to the Gods
I had no father! Is not man the God
of his own fortune, though his idle prayers
avail not to compel his destiny?

74Altera iamdudum succensa cupidine tanto 75perdere gauderet quodcumque obstaret amori. Et cur ulla foret me fortior? Ire per ignes et gladios ausim. Nec in hoc tamen ignibus ullis aut gladiis opus est: opus est mihi crine paterno. Illa mihi est auro pretiosior, illa beatam 80purpura me votique mei factura potentem.” Talia dicenti curarum maxima nutrix nox intervenit, tenebrisque audacia crevit. Prima quies aderat, qua curis fessa diurnis pectora somnus habet: thalamos taciturna paternos 85intrat et (heu facinus!) fatali nata parentem crine suum spoliat praedaque potita nefanda per medios hostes (meriti fiducia tanta est) pervenit ad regem. Quem sic adfata paventem est: 90“Suasit amor facinus. Proles ego regia Nisi Scylla tibi trado patriaeque meosque penates.

“Another woman crazed with passionate desires,
which now inflame me, would not hesitate,
but with a fierce abandon would destroy
whatever checked her passion. Who is there
with love to equal mine? I dare to go
through flames and swords; but swords and flames
are not now needed, for I only need
my royal father's lock of purple hair.
More precious than fine gold, it has a power
to give my heart all that it may desire.”
While Scylla said this, night that heals our cares
came on, and she grew bolder in the dark.
And now it is the late and silent hour
when slumber takes possession of the breast.
Outwearied with the cares of busy day;
then as her father slept, with stealthy tread
she entered his abode, and there despoiled,
and clipped his fatal lock of purple hair.
Concealing in her bosom the sad prize
of crime degenerate, she at once went forth
a gate unguarded, and with shameless haste
sped through the hostile army to the tent
of Minos, whom, astonished, she addressed:
“Only my love has led me to this deed.
The daughter of King Nisus, I am called
the maiden Scylla. Unto you I come
and offer up a power that will prevail
against my country, and I stipulate
no recompense except yourself.

92Praemia nulla peto nisi te. Cape pignus amoris purpureum crinem, nec me nunc tradere crinem, sed patrium tibi crede caput.” Scelerataque dextra 95munera porrexit. Minos porrecta refugit turbatusque novi respondit imagine facti: “Di te summoveant, o nostri infamia saecli, orbe suo, tellusque tibi pontusque negetur. Certe ego non patiar Iovis incunabula, Creten, 100qui meus est orbis, tantum contingere monstrum.” Dixit, et ut leges captis iustissimus auctor hostibus imposuit, classis retinacula solvi iussit et aeratas impelli remige puppes. Scylla freto postquam deductas nare carinas 105nec praestare ducem sceleris sibi praemia vidit, consumptis precibus violentam transit in iram, intendensque manus, passis furibunda capillis, “quo fugis” exclamat, “meritorum auctore relicta, o patriae praelate meae, praelate parenti?

Take then
this purple hair, a token of my love.—
Deem it not lightly as a lock of hair
held idly forth to you; it is in truth
my father's life.” And as she spoke
she held out in her guilty hand the prize,
and begged him to accept it with her love.
Shocked at the thought of such a heinous crime,
Minos refused, and said, “O execrable thing!
Despised abomination of our time!
May all the Gods forever banish you
from their wide universe, and may the earth
and the deep ocean be denied to you!
So great a monster shall not be allowed
to desecrate the sacred Isle of Crete,
where Jupiter was born.” So Minos spoke.
Nevertheless he conquered Megara,
(so aided by the damsel's wicked deed)
and as a just and mighty king imposed
his own conditions on the vanquished land.
He ordered his great fleet to tarry not;
the hawsers were let loose, and the long oars
quickly propelled his brazen-pointed ships.—
When Scylla saw them launching forth,
observed them sailing on the mighty deep,
she called with vain entreaties; but at last,
aware the prince ignored her and refused
to recompense her wickedness, enraged,
and raving, she held up her impious hands,
her long hair streaming on the wind, — and said:
“Oh, wherefore have you flown, and left behind
the author of your glory.

110Quo fugis, inmitis? cuius victoria nostrum et scelus et meritum est. Nec te data munera, nec te noster amor movit, nec quod spes omnis in unum te mea congesta est? Nam quo deserta revertar? In patriam? Superata iacet. Sed finge manere: 115proditione mea clausa est mihi. Patris ad ora? Quem tibi donavi! Cives odere merentem, finitimi exemplum metuunt: exponimur orbae, terrarum nobis ut Crete sola pateret. Hac quoque si prohibes et nos, ingrate, relinquis, 120non genetrix Europa tibi ea, sed inhospita Syrtis, Armeniae tigres austroque agitata Charybdis. Nec Iove tu natus, nec mater imagine tauri ducta tua est (generis falsa est ea fabula !): verus et ferus et captus nullius amore iuvencae, 125qui te progenuit, taurus fuit. Exige poenas, Nise pater! gaudete malis, modo prodita, nostris moenia! nam fateor, merui et sum digna perire.

Oh, wretch! wretch
to whom I offered up my native land,
and sacrificed my father! Where have you
now flown, ungrateful man whose victory
is both my crime and virtue? And the gift
presented to you, and my passion,
have these not moved you? All my love and hope
in you alone!
“Forsaken by my prince,
shall I return to my defeated land?
If never ruined it would shut its walls
against me.—Shall I seek my father's face
whom I delivered to all-conquering arms?
My fellow-citizens despise my name;
my friends and neighbors hate me; I have shut
the world against me, only in the hope
that Crete would surely welcome me;—and now,
he has forbidden me.
“And is it so
I am requited by this thankless wretch!
Europa could not be your mother! Spawn
of cruel Syrtis! Savage cub of fierce
Armenian tigress;—or Charybdis, tossed
by the wild South-wind begot you! Can you be
the son of Jupiter? Your mother was
not ever tricked by the false semblance
of a bull. All that story of your birth
is false! You are the offspring of a bull
as fierce as you are!
“Let your vengeance fall
upon me, O my father Nisus, let
the ruined city I betrayed rejoice
at my misfortunes—richly merited—
destroy me, you whom I have ruined;—I
should perish for my crimes!

128Sed tamen ex illis aliquis, quos impia laesi, me perimat. Cur, qui vicisti crimine nostro, 130insequeris crimen? Scelus hoc patriaeque patrique, officium tibi sit. Te vere coniuge digna est, quae torvum ligno decepit adultera taurum discordemque utero fetum tulit. Ecquid ad aures perveniunt mea dicta tuas? An inania venti 135verba ferunt idemque tuas, ingrate, carinas? Iam iam Pasiphaen non est mirabile taurum praeposuisse tibi: tu plus feritatis habebas. Me miseram! properare iubet, divulsaque remis unda sonat; mecumque simul mea terra recedit. 140Nil agis, o frustra meritorum oblite meorum: insequar invitum, puppimque amplexa recurvam per freta longa trahar.” Vix dixerat, insilit undis consequiturque rates, faciente cupidine vires, Gnosiacaeque haeret comes invidiosa carinae. 145Quam pater ut vidit (nam iam pendebat in aura et modo factus erat fulvis haliaeetus alis), ibat, ut haerentem rostro laceraret adunco. Illa metu puppim dimisit, et aura cadentem sustinuisse levis, ne tangeret aequora, visa est. 150Pluma fuit: plumis in avem mutata vocatur ciris, et a tonso est hoc nomen adepta capillo.

But why should you,
who conquered by my crime, abandon me?
The treason to my father and my land
becomes an act of kindness in your cause.
“That woman is a worthy mate for you
who hid in wood deceived the raging bull,
and bore to him the infamy of Crete.
I do not wonder that Pasiphae
preferred the bull to you, more savage than
the wildest beast. Alas, alas for me!
“Do my complaints reach your unwilling ears?
Or do the same winds waft away my words
that blow upon your ships, ungrateful man?—
Ah, wretched that I am, he takes delight
in hastening from me. The deep waves resound
as smitten by the oars, his ship departs;
and I am lost and even my native land
is fading from his sight.
“Oh heart of flint!
you shall not prosper in your cruelty,
and you shall not forget my sacrifice;
in spite of everything I follow you!
I'll grasp the curving stern of your swift ship,
and I will follow through unending seas.”
And as she spoke, she leaped into the waves,
and followed the receding ships—for strength
from passion came to her. And soon she clung
unwelcome, to the sailing Gnossian ship.
Meanwhile, the Gods had changed her father's form
and now he hovered over the salt deep,
a hawk with tawny wings. So when he saw
his daughter clinging to the hostile ship
he would have torn her with his rending beak;—
he darted towards her through the yielding air.
In terror she let go, but as she fell
the light air held her from the ocean spray;
her feather-weight supported by the breeze;
she spread her wings, and changed into a bird.
They called her “Ciris” when she cut the wind,
and “Ciris”—cut-the-lock—remains her name.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.