Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 6.542–674: Procne's revenge

Tereus cuts out Philomela's tongue and keeps her shut in the hut, telling his wife that her sister is dead. Philomela weaves the story into a web and sends it to Procne, who, at the feast of Dionysus (Bacchus), frees her sister and brings her home. In her rage Procne kills her son Itys, and serves his flesh to Tereus at dinner, and then shows him the head. Tereus chases the two sisters with a sword, and the gods change all three into birds: Philomela into a nightingale, Procne into a swallow, and Tereus into a hoopoe.

Lines 6.542–674 · 1651 words · click a number to copy its link
542Si tamen haec superi cernunt, si numina divum sunt aliquid, si non perierunt omnia mecum, quandocumque mihi poenas dabis. Ipsa pudore 545proiecto tua facta loquar. Si copia detur, in populos veniam; si silvis clausa tenebor, implebo silvas et conscia saxa movebo: audiet haec aether, et si deus ullus in illo est.” Talibus ira feri postquam commota tyranni 550nec minor hac metus est, causa stimulatus utraque quo fuit accinctus, vagina liberat ensem arreptamque coma flexis post terga lacertis vincla pati cogit. Iugulum Philomela parabat spemque suae mortis viso conceperat ense: 555ille indignantem et nomen patris usque vocantem luctantemque loqui comprensam forcipe linguam abstulit ense fero. Radix micat ultima linguae, ipsa iacet terraeque tremens inmurmurat atrae; utque salire solet mutilatae cauda colubrae, 560palpitat et moriens dominae vestigia quaerit.

But oh, if you had only slaughtered me
before your criminal embrace befouled
my purity, I should have had a shade
entirely pure, and free from any stain!
Oh, if there is a Majesty in Heaven,
and if my ruin has not wrecked the world,
then, you shall suffer for this grievous wrong
and time shall hasten to avenge my wreck.
“I shall declare your sin before the world,
and publish my own shame to punish you!
And if I'm prisoned in the solitudes,
my voice will wake the echoes in the wood
and move the conscious rocks. Hear me, O Heaven!
And let my imprecations rouse the Gods—
ah-h-h, if there can be a god in Heaven!”
Her cries aroused the dastard tyrant's wrath,
and frightened him, lest ever his foul deed
might shock his kingdom: and, roused at once
by rage and guilty fear; he seized her hair,
forced her weak arms against her back, and bound
them fast with brazen chains, then drew his sword.
When she first saw his sword above her head.
Flashing and sharp, she wished only for death,
and offered her bare throat: but while she screamed,
and, struggling, called upon her father's name,
he caught her tongue with pincers, pitiless,
And cut it with his sword.—The mangled root
still quivered, but the bleeding tongue itself,
fell murmuring on the blood-stained floor.

561Hoc quoque post facinus (vix ausim credere) fertur saepe sua lacerum repetisse libidine corpus. Sustinet ad Procnen post talia facta reverti. Coniuge quae viso germanam quaerit: at ille 565dat gemitus fictos commentaque funera narrat, et lacrimae fecere fidem. Velamima Procne deripit ex umeris auro fulgentia lato induiturque atras vestes et inane sepulcrum constituit falsisque piacula manibus infert 570et luget non sic lugendae fata sororis. Signa deus bis sex acto lustraverat anno. Quid faciat Philomela? fugam custodia claudit, structa rigent solido stabulorum moenia saxo, os mutum facti caret indice. Grande doloris 575ingenium est, miserisque venit sollertia rebus. Stamina barbarica suspendit callida tela purpureasque notas filis intexuit albis, indicium sceleris; perfectaque tradidit uni, utque ferat dominae gestu rogat: illa rogata 580pertulit ad Procnen, nec scit, quid tradat in illis.

As the tail
of a slain snake still writhes upon the ground,
so did the throbbing tongue; and, while it died,
moved up to her, as if to seek her feet.—
And, it is said that after this foul crime,
the monster violated her again.
And after these vile deeds, that wicked king
returned to Procne, who, when she first met
her brutal husband, anxiously inquired
for tidings of her sister; but with sighs
and tears, he told a false tale of her death,
and with such woe that all believed it true.
Then Procne, full of lamentation, took
her royal robe, bordered with purest gold,
and putting it away, assumed instead
garments of sable mourning; and she built
a noble sepulchre, and offered there
her pious gifts to an imagined shade;—
lamenting the sad death of her who lived.
A year had passed by since that awful date—
the sun had coursed the Zodiac's twelve signs.
But what could Philomela hope or do?
For like a jail the strong walls of the house
were built of massive stone, and guards around
prevented flight; and mutilated, she
could not communicate with anyone
to tell her injuries and tragic woe.
But even in despair and utmost grief,
there is an ingenuity which gives
inventive genius to protect from harm:
and now, the grief-distracted Philomela
wove in a warp with purple marks and white,
a story of the crime; and when 'twas done
she gave it to her one attendant there
and begged her by appropriate signs to take
it secretly to Procne.

581Evolvit vestes saevi matrona tyranni fortunaeque suae carmen miserabile legit et (mirum potuisse) silet. Dolor ora repressit, verbaque quaerenti satis indignantia linguae 585defuerunt; nec flere vacat, sed fasque nefasque confusura ruit, poenaeque in imagine tota est. Tempus erat, quo sacra solent trieterica Bacchi Sithoniae celebrare nurus: nox conscia sacris. Nocte sonat Rhodope tinnitibus aeris acuti, 590nocte sua est egressa domo regina deique ritibus instruitur furialiaque accipit arma. Vite caput tegitur, lateri cervina sinistro vellera dependent, umero levis incubat hasta. Concita per silvas turba comitante suarum 595terribilis Procne furiisque agitata doloris, Bacche, tuas simulat. Venit ad stabula avia tandem exululatque euhoeque sonat portasque refringit germanamque rapit; raptaeque insignia Bacchi induit et vultus hederarum frondibus abdit 600attonitamque trahens intra sua moenia ducit.

She took the web,
she carried it to Procne, with no thought
of words or messages by art conveyed.
The wife of that inhuman tyrant took
the cloth, and after she unwrapped it saw
and understood the mournful record sent.
She pondered it in silence and her tongue
could find no words to utter her despair;—
her grief and frenzy were too great for tears.—
In a mad rage her rapid mind counfounded
the right and wrong—intent upon revenge.
Since it was now the time of festival,
when all the Thracian matrons celebrate
the rites of Bacchus—every third year thus—
night then was in their secret; and at night
the slopes of Rhodope resounded loud
with clashing of shrill cymbals. So, at night
the frantic queen of Tereus left her home
and, clothed according to the well known rites
of Bacchus, hurried to the wilderness.
Her head was covered with the green vine leaves;
and from her left side native deer skin hung;
and on her shoulder rested a light spear.—
so fashioned, the revengeful Procne rushed
through the dark woods, attended by a host
of screaming followers, and wild with rage,
pretended it was Bacchus urged her forth.
At last she reached the lonely building, where
her sister, Philomela, was immured;
and as she howled and shouted “Ee-woh-ee-e!”,
She forced the massive doors; and having seized
her sister, instantly concealed her face
in ivy leaves, arrayed her in the trappings
of Bacchanalian rites.

601Ut sensit tetigisse domum Philomela nefandam, horruit infelix totoque expalluit ore. Nacta locum Procne sacrorum pignera demit oraque develat miserae pudibunda sororis 605amplexumque petit. Sed non attollere contra sustinet haec oculos, paelex sibi visa sororis, deiectoque in humum vultu iurare volenti testarique deos, per vim sibi dedecus illud illatum, pro voce manus fuit. Ardet et iram 610non capit ipsa suam Procne; fletumque sororis corripiens “non est lacrimis hoc” inquit “agendum, sed ferro, sed si quid habes, quod vincere ferrum possit. In omne nefas ego me, germana, paravi. Aut ego, cum facibus regalia tecta cremabo, 615artificem mediis inmittam Terea flammis, aut linguam, aut oculos et quae tibi membra pudorem abstulerunt, ferro rapiam, aut per vulnera mille sontem animam expellam. Magnum quodcumque paravi: quid sit, adhuc dubito.” Peragit dum talia Procne, 620ad matrem veniebat Itys. Quid possit, ab illo admonita est: oculisque tuens inmitibus “a quam es similis patri” dixit. Nec plura locuta triste parat facinus tacitaque exaestuat ira.

When this was done,
they rushed from there, demented, to the house
where as the Queen of Tereus, Procne dwelt.
When Philomela knew she had arrived
at that accursed house, her countenance,
though pale with grief, took on a ghastlier hue:
and, wretched in her misery and fright,
she shuddered in convulsions.—Procne took
the symbols, Bacchanalian, from her then,
and as she held her in a strict embrace
unveiled her downcast head. But she refused
to lift her eyes, and fixing her sad gaze
on vacant space, she raised her hand, instead;
as if in oath she called upon the Gods
to witness truly she had done no wrong,
but suffered a disgrace of violence.—
Lo, Procne, wild with a consuming rage,
cut short her sister's terror in these words,
“This is no time for weeping! awful deeds
demand a great revenge—take up the sword,
and any weapon fiercer than its edge!
My breast is hardened to the worst of crime
make haste with me! together let us put
this palace to the torch!
“Come, let us maim,
the beastly Tereus with revenging iron,
cut out his tongue, and quench his cruel eyes,
and hurl and burn him writhing in the flames!
Or, shall we pierce him with a grisly blade,
and let his black soul issue from deep wounds
a thousand.—Slaughter him with every death
imagined in the misery of hate!”
While Procne still was raving out such words,
Itys, her son, was hastening to his mother;
and when she saw him, her revengeful eyes
conceiving a dark punishment, she said,
“Aha! here comes the image of his father!”
She gave no other warning, but prepared
to execute a horrible revenge.

624Ut tamen accessit natus matrique salutem 625attulit et parvis adduxit colla lacertis mixtaque blanditiis puerilibus oscula iunxit, mota quidem est genetrix infractaque constitit ira invitique oculi lacrimis maduere coactis: sed simul ex nimia mentem pietate labare 630sensit, ab hoc iterum est ad vultus versa sororis inque vicem spectans ambos “cur admovet” inquit “alter blanditias, rapta silet altera lingua? Quam vocat hic matrem, cur non vocat illa sororem? Cui sis nupta, vide, Pandione nata, marito. 635Degeneras: scelus est pietas in coniuge Tereo.” Nec mora, traxit Ityn, veluti Gangetica cervae lactentem fetum per silvas tigris opacas. Utque domus altae partem tenuere remotam, tendentemque manus et iam sua fata videntem 640et “mater, mater” clamantem et colla petentem ense ferit Procne, lateri qua pectus adhaeret, nec vultum vertit. Satis illi ad fata vel unum vulnus erat: iugulum ferro Philomela resolvit.

But when the tender child came up to her,
and called her “mother”, put his little arms
around her neck, and when he smiled and kissed
her often, gracious in his cunning ways,—
again the instinct of true motherhood
pulsed in her veins, and moved to pity, she
began to weep in spite of her resolve.
Feeling the tender impulse of her love
unnerving her, she turned her eyes from him
and looked upon her sister, and from her
glanced at her darling boy again. And so,
while she was looking at them both, by turns,
she said, “Why does the little one prevail
with pretty words, while Philomela stands
in silence always, with her tongue torn out?
She cannot call her sister, whom he calls
his mother! Oh, you daughter of Pandion,
consider what a wretch your husband is!
The wife of such a monster must be flint;
compassion in her heart is but a crime.”
No more she hesitated, but as swift
as the fierce tigress of the Ganges leaps,
seizes the suckling offspring of the hind,
and drags it through the forest to its lair;
so, Procne seized and dragged the frightened boy
to a most lonely section of the house;
and there she put him to the cruel sword,
while he, aware of his sad fate, stretched forth
his little hands, and cried, “Ah, mother,—ah!—”
And clung to her—clung to her, while she struck—
her fixed eyes, maddened, glaring horribly—
struck wildly, lopping off his tender limbs.

644Vivaque adhuc animaeque aliquid retinentia membra 645dilaniant. Pars inde cavis exsultat aenis, pars veribus stridunt: manant penetralia tabo. His adhibet coniunx ignarum Terea mensis et patrii moris sacrum mentita, quod uni fas sit adire viro, comites famulosque removit. 650Ipse sedens solio Tereus sublimis avito vescitur inque suam sua viscera congerit alvum. Tantaque nox animi est, “Ityn huc accersite” dixit. Dissimulare nequit crudelia gaudia Procne, iamque suae cupiens exsistere nuntia cladis, 655“intus habes, quem poscis” ait. Circumspicit ille atque ubi sit quaerit. Quaerenti iterumque vocanti, sicut erat sparsis furiali caede capillis, prosiluit Ityosque caput Philomela cruentum misit in ora patris: nec tempore maluit ullo 660posse loqui et mentis testari gaudia dictis. Thracius ingenti mensas clamore repellit vipereasque ciet Stygia de valle sorores; et modo, si posset reserato pectore diras egerere inde dapes inmersaque viscera gestit, 665flet modo seque vocat bustum miserabile nati, nunc sequitur nudo genitas Pandione ferro. Corpora Cecropidum pennis pendere putares: pendebant pennis. Quarum petit altera silvas, altera tecta subit; neque adhuc de pectore caedis 670excessere notae, signataque sanguine pluma est. Ille dolore suo poenaeque cupidine velox vertitur in volucrem, cui stant in vertice cristae; prominet inmodicum pro longa cuspide rostrum: nomen epops volucri, facies armata videtur.

But Philomela cut through his tender throat.
Then they together, mangled his remains,
still quivering with the remnant of his life,
and boiled a part of him in steaming pots,
that bubbled over with the dead child's blood,
and roasted other parts on hissing spits.
And, after all was ready, Procne bade
her husband, Tereus, to the loathsome feast,
and with a false pretense of sacred rites,
according to the custom of her land,
by which, but one man may partake of it,
she sent the servants from the banquet hall.—
Tereus, majestic on his ancient throne
high in imagined state, devoured his son,
and gorged himself with flesh of his own flesh—
and in his rage of gluttony called out
for Itys to attend and share the feast!
Curst with a joy she could conceal no more,
and eager to gloat over his distress,
Procne cried out,
“Inside yourself, you have
the thing that you are asking for!” — Amazed,
he looked around and called his son again:—
that instant, Philomela sprang forth—her hair
disordered, and all stained with blood of murder,
unable then to speak, she hurled the head
of Itys in his father's fear-struck face,
and more than ever longed for fitting words.
The Thracian Tereus overturned the table,
and howling, called up from the Stygian pit,
the viperous sisters. Tearing at his breast,
in miserable efforts to disgorge
the half-digested gobbets of his son,
he called himself his own child's sepulchre,
and wept the hot tears of a frenzied man.
Then with his sword he rushed at the two sisters.
Fleeing from him, they seemed to rise on wings,
and it was true, for they had changed to birds.
Then Philomela, flitting to the woods,
found refuge in the leaves: but Procne flew
straight to the sheltering gables of a roof—
and always, if you look, you can observe
the brand of murder on the swallow's breast—
red feathers from that day. And Tereus, swift
in his great agitation, and his will
to wreak a fierce revenge, himself is turned
into a crested bird. His long, sharp beak
is given him instead of a long sword,
and so, because his beak is long and sharp,
he rightly bears the name of Hoopoe.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.