Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 9.273–321: Alcmene and Galanthis

Eurystheus still pursues the sons of Heracles (Hercules), and Alcmene, his aged mother, tells Iole of the difficulty of his birth, which Hera (Juno) tried to hinder by having Lucina (Eileithyia) sit with her hands clasped before the door. Galanthis, her maid, deceived the goddess by crying that the child was born, and Lucina, in surprise, let go. Galanthis, laughing at the goddess, was turned into a weasel.

Lines 9.273–321 · 579 words · click a number to copy its link
273Sensit Atlas pondus.—Neque adhuc Stheneleius iras solverat Eurystheus odiumque in prole paternum 275exercebat atrox. At longis anxia curis Argolis Alcmene, questus ubi ponat aniles, cui referat nati testatos orbe labores, cuive suos casus, Iolen habet. Herculis illam imperiis thalamoque animoque receperat Hyllus 280inpleratque uterum generoso semine, cum sic incipit Alcmene: “Faveant tibi numina saltem conripiantque moras, tum cum matura vocabis praepositam timidis parientibus Ilithyiam, quam mihi difficilem Iunonis gratia fecit. 285Namque laboriferi cum iam natalis adesset Herculis et decimum premeretur sidere signum, tendebat gravitas uterum mihi, quodque ferebam, tantum erat, ut posses auctorem dicere tecti ponderis esse Iovem. Nec iam tolerare labores 290ulterius poteram: quin nunc quoque frigidus artus, dum loquor, horror habet, parsque est meminisse doloris.

Even Atlas felt the weight of Heaven increase,
but King Eurystheus, still implacable,
vented his baffled hatred on the sons
of the great hero. Then the Argive mother,
Alcmena, spent and anxious with long cares,
the burden of her old age and her fears,
could pass the weary hours with Iole
in garrulous narrations of his worth,
his mighty labors and her own sad days.
Iole, by command of Hercules,
had been betrothed to Hyllus, and by him
was gravid, burdened with a noble child.
And so to Iole, Alcmena told
this story of the birth of Hercules:—
“Ah, may the Gods be merciful to you
and give you swift deliverance in that hour
when needful of all help you must call out
for Ilithyia, the known goddess of
all frightened mothers in their travail, she
whom Juno's hatred overcame and made
so dreadful against me. For, when my hour
of bearing Hercules was very near,
and when the tenth sign of the zodiac
was traversed by the sun, my burden then
became so heavy, and the one I bore
so large, you certainly could tell that Jove
must be the father of the unborn child.
“At last, no longer able to endure—
ah me, a cold sweat seizes on me now;
only to think of it renews my pains!

292Septem ego per noctes, totidem cruciata diebus, fessa malis tendensque ad caelum bracchia magno Lucinam Nixosque pares clamore vocabam. 295Illa quidem venit, sed praecorrupta meumque quae donare caput Iunoni vellet iniquae. Utque meos audit gemitus, subsedit in illa ante fores ara dextroque a poplite laevum pressa genu digitis inter se pectine iunctis 300sustinuit partus. Tacita quoque carmina voce dixit, et inceptos tenuerunt carmina partus. Nitor et ingrato facio convicia demens vana Iovi cupioque mori moturaque duros verba queror silices. Matres Cadmeides adsunt 305votaque suscipiunt exhortanturque dolentem. Una ministrarum, media de plebe, Galanthis, flava comas, aderat, faciendis strenua iussis, officiis dilecta suis. Ea sensit iniqua nescio quid Iunone geri, dumque exit et intrat 310saepe fores, divam residentem vidit in ara bracchiaque in genibus digitis conexa tenentem, et “quaecumque es,” ait “dominae gratare: levata est Argolis Alcmene potiturque puerpera voto.” Exsiluit iunctasque manus pavefacta remisit 315diva potens uteri: vinclis levor ipsa remissis. Numine decepto risisse Galanthida fama est: ridentem prensamque ipsis dea saeva capillis traxit, et e terra corpus relevare volentem arcuit inque pedes mutavit bracchia primos. 320Strenuitas antiqua manet, nec terga colorem amisere suum: forma est diversa priori.

Seven days in agony, as many nights,
exhausted in my dreadful misery,
I stretched my arms to heaven and invoked
Lucina and three Nixian deities
the guardians of birth. Lucina came;
but before then she had been pledged to give
my life to cruel Juno. While Lucina
sat on the altar near the door and listened,
with her right knee crossed over her left knee,
with fingers interlocked, she stopped the birth:
and in low muttered tones she chanted Charms
which there prevented my deliverance.
“I fiercely struggled, and insane with pain
shrieked vain revilings against Jupiter;
I longed for death, and my delirious words
then should have moved the most unfeeling rocks.
The Theban matrons, eager to help me,
stood near me while they asked the aid of Heaven.
“And there was present of the common class,
my maid Galanthis—with her red-gold hair—
efficient and most willing to obey
her worthy character deserved my love.
She felt assured, Juno unjustly worked
some spell of strong effect against my life.
And when this maid beheld Lucina perched
so strangely on the altar, with her fingers
inwoven on her knees and tightly pressed
together, in a gripping finger-comb,
she guessed that jealous Juno was the cause.
Quick-witted, in a ringing voice this maid
cried out, ‘Congratulations! All is well!
Alcmena is delivered—a fine child
so safely brought forth—her true prayers approved!’
“Lucina, who presides at birth, surprised
leaped up, unclenched her hands, as one amazed.
Just as her hands unfastened, and her knees
were parted from their stricture, I could feel
the bonds of stricture loosen; and without
more labor was delivered of my child.
“'Tis said, Galanthis laughed and ridiculed
the cheated deity; and as she laughed
the vixen goddess caught her by the hair
and dragging her upon the ground, while she
was struggling to arise, held her, and there
transformed both of her arms to animal
forelegs. Her old activity remained;
her hair was not changed, but she did not keep
her maiden form: and ever since that day,
because she aided with deceitful lips,
her offspring are brought forth through the same mouth.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Metamorphoses 9.273–321: Alcmene and Galanthis | Ovid