Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 10.298–430: Myrrha

Orpheus sings of Myrrha, daughter of King Cinyras of Cyprus, who falls in love with her own father. She tries to hang herself, but is saved by her nurse, and the nurse, learning the cause of her grief, tries to dissuade her.

Lines 10.298–430 · 1706 words · click a number to copy its link
298Editus hac ille est, qui, si sine prole fuisset, inter felices Cinyras potuisset haberi. 300Dira canam: procul hinc natae, procul este parentes! Aut, mea si vestras mulcebunt carmina mentes, desit in hac mihi parte fides, nec credite factum, vel, si credetis, facti quoque credite poenam. Si tamen admissum sinit hoc natura videri, gratulor huic terrae, quod abest regionibus illis, quae tantum genuere nefas. Sit dives amomo cinnamaque costumque suum sudataque ligno tura ferat floresque alios Panchaia tellus, 310dum ferat et murram: tanti nova non fuit arbor. Ipse negat nocuisse tibi sua tela Cupido, Myrrha, facesque suas a crimine vindicat isto. Stipite te Stygio tumidisque adflavit echidnis e tribus una soror. Scelus est odisse parentem: 315hic amor est odio maius scelus. Undique lecti te cupiunt proceres, totoque oriente iuventus ad thalami certamen adest. Ex omnibus unum elige, Myrrha, virum: dum ne sit in omnibus unus.

The royal Cinyras was sprung from her;
and if he had been father of no child,
might well have been accounted fortunate—
but I must sing of horrible events—
avoid it daughters! Parents! shun this tale!
But if my verse has charmed your thought,
do not give me such credit in this part;
convince yourself it cannot be true life;
or, if against my wish you hear and must
believe it, then be sure to notice how
such wickedness gets certain punishment.
And yet, if Nature could permit such crimes
as this to happen, I congratulate
Ismarian people and all Thrace as well,
and I congratulate this nation, which
we know is far away from the land where
this vile abomination did occur.
The land we call Panchaia may be rich
in balsam, cinnamon, and costum sweet
for ointment, frankincense distilled from trees,
with many flowers besides. All this large wealth
combined could never compensate the land
for this detestable, one crime: even though
the new Myrrh-Tree advanced on that rich soil.
Cupid declares his weapons never caused
an injury to Myrrha, and denies
his torches ever could have urged her crime.—
one of the three bad sisters kindled this,
with fire brand from the Styx, and poisoned you
with swollen vipers.—It is criminal
to hate a parent, but love such as hers
is certainly more criminal than hate.
The chosen princes of all lands desire
you now in marriage, and young men throughout
the Orient are vying for your hand.

319Illa quidem sentit foedoque repugnat amori 320et secum “quo mente feror? quid molior?” inquit: “di, precor, et pietas sacrataque iura parentum, hoc prohibete nefas scelerique resistite nostro, — si tamen hoc scelus est. Sed enim damnare negatur hanc venerem pietas, coeuntque animalia nullo 325cetera delicto. Nec habetur turpe iuvencae ferre patrem tergo, fit equo sua filia coniunx, quasque creavit init pecudes caper, ipsaque, cuius semine concepta est, ex illo concipit ales. Felices, quibus ista licent! Humana malignas 330cura dedit leges, et quod natura remittit, invida iura negant. Gentes tamen esse feruntur, in quibus et nato genetrix et nata parenti iungitur, ut pietas geminato crescat amore. Me miseram, quod non nasci mihi contigit illic, 335fortunaque loci laedor! — Quid in ista revolvor? Spes interdictae discedite! Dignus amari ille, sed ut pater, est. — Ergo si filia magni non essem Cinyrae, Cinyrae concumbere possem;

Choose, Myrrha one from all of these for your
good husband; but exclude from such a thought
your father only. She indeed is quite
aware, and struggles bitterly against
her vile desires, and argues in her heart:—
“What am I tending to? O listening Gods
I pray for aid, I pray to Natural Love!
Ah, may the sacred rights of parents keep
this vile desire from me, defend me from
a crime so great—If it indeed is crime.
I am not sure it is—I have not heard
that any god or written law condemns
the union of a parent and his child.
All animals will mate as they desire—
a heifer may endure her sire, and who
condemns it? And the happy stud is not
refused by his mare-daughters: the he-goat
consorts unthought-of with the flock of which
he is the father; and the birds conceive
of those from whom they were themselves begot.
Happy are they who have such privilege!
Malignant men have given spiteful laws;
and what is right to Nature is decreed
unnatural, by jealous laws of men.
“But it is said there are some tribes today,
in which the mother marries her own son;
the daughter takes her father; and by this,
the love kind Nature gives them is increased
into a double bond.—Ah wretched me!
Why was it not my fortune to be born
in that love-blessed land? I must abide,
depressed by my misfortunes, in this place.
“Why do I dwell on these forbidden hopes?
Let me forget to think of lawless flame.

339nunc quia iam meus est, non est meus, ipsaque damno 340est mihi proximitas: aliena potentior essem. Ire libet procul hinc patriaeque relinquere fines, dum scelus effugiam. Retinet malus ardor amantem, ut praesens spectem Cinyram tangamque loquarque osculaque admoveam, si nil conceditur ultra. 345Ultra autem spectare aliquid potes, impia virgo? Et quot confundas et iura et nomina, sentis! Tune eris et matris paelex et adultera patris? Tune soror nati genetrixque vocabere fratris? Nec metues atro crinitas angue sorores, 350quas facibus saevis oculos atque ora petentes noxia corda vident? At tu, dum corpore non es passa nefas, animo ne concipe, neve potentis concubitu vetito naturae pollue foedus. Velle puta: res ipsa vetat. Pius ille memorque est 355moris — et o vellem similis furor esset in illo!” Dixerat, at Cinyras, quem copia digna procorum, quid faciat, dubitare facit, scitatur ab ipsa nominibus dictis, cuius velit esse mariti.

My father is most worthy of my love,
but only as a father.—If I were
not born the daughter of great Cinyras,
I might be joined to him; but, as it stands,
because he is mine he is never mine;
because near to me he is far from me.
“It would be better for me, if we were
but strangers to each other; for I then,
could wish to go, and leave my native land,
and so escape temptation to this crime:
but my unhappy passion holds me here,
that I may see Cinyras face to face,
and touch him, talk with him and even kiss him—
the best, if nothing else can be allowed.
“But what more could be asked for, by the most
depraved? Think of the many sacred ties
and loved names, you are dragging to the mire:
the rival of your mother, will you be
the mistress of your father, and be named
the sister of your son, and make yourself
the mother of your brother? And will you
not dread the sisters with black snakes for hair.
Whom guilty creatures, such as you, can see
brandish relentless flames before their eyes
and faces? While your body has not sinned
you must not let sin creep into your heart,
and violate great Nature's law with your
unlawful rovings. If you had the right
to long for his endearment, it could not
be possible. He is a virtuous man
and is regardful of the moral law—
oh how I wish my passion could be his!”

359Illa silet primo, patriisque in vultibus haerens 360aestuat et tepido suffundit lumina rore. Virginei Cinyras haec credens esse timoris, flere vetat siccatque genas atque oscula iungit. Myrrha datis nimium gaudet: consultaque, qualem optet habere virum, “similem tibi” dixit. At ille 365non intellectam vocem conlaudat et “esto tam pia semper” ait. Pietatis nomine dicto demisit vultus sceleris sibi conscia virgo. Noctis erat medium, curasque et corpora somnus solverat. At virgo Cinyreia pervigil igni 370carpitur indomito furiosaque vota retractat. Et modo desperat, modo vult temptare, pudetque et cupit, et, quid agat, non invenit. Utque securi saucia trabs ingens, ubi plaga novissima restat, quo cadat, in dubio est omnique a parte timetur: 375sic animus vario labefactus vulnere nutat huc levis atque illuc momentaque sumit utroque. Nec modus aut requies, nisi mors, reperitur amoris.

And so she argued and declared her love:
but Cinyras, her father, who was urged
by such a throng of suitors for her hand,
that he could make no choice, at last inquired
of her, so she might make her heart's wish known.
And as he named them over, asked her which
she fixed her gaze upon her father's face,
in doubtful agony what she could say,
while hot tears filled her eyes. Her father, sure
it all was of a virginal alarm,
as he is telling her she need not weep
dries her wet cheeks and kisses her sweet lips.
Too much delighted with his gentle words
and kind endearments, Myrrha, when he asked
again, which one might be her husband, said,
“The one just like yourself.”, And he replied
not understanding what her heart would say,
“You answer as a loving-daughter should.”
When she heard “loving-daughter” said, the girl
too conscious of her guilt, looked on the ground.
It was now midnight, peaceful sleep dissolved
the world-care of all mortals, but of her
who, sleepless through the night, burnt in the flame
of her misplaced affection. First despair
compels her to abandon every hope,
and then she changes and resolves to try;
and so she wavers from desire to shame,
for she could not adhere to any plan.

378Mors placet. Erigitur laqueoque innectere fauces destinat et zona summo de poste revincta 380“care vale Cinyra causamque intellege mortis!” dixit et aptabat pallenti vincula collo. Murmura verborum fidas nutricis ad aures pervenisse ferunt limen servantis alumnae. Surgit anus reseratque fores, mortisque paratae 385instrumenta videns spatio conclamat eodem seque ferit scinditque sinus ereptaque collo vincula dilaniat. Tum denique flere vacavit, tum dare complexus laqueique requirere causam. Muta silet virgo terramque inmota tuetur 390et deprensa dolet tardae conamina mortis. Instat anus canosque suos et inania nudans ubera per cunas alimentaque prima precatur, ut sibi committat, quidquid dolet. Illa rogantem aversata gemit. Certa est exquirere nutrix 395nec solam spondere fidem: “dic” inquit “opemque me sine ferre tibi; non est mea pigra senectus.

As a great tree, cut by the swinging axe
is chopped until the last blow has been struck,
then sways and threatens danger to all sides;
so does her weak mind, cut with many blows,
waver unsteadily—this way and that—
and turning back and forth it finds no rest
from passion, save the rest that lies in death.
The thought of death gave comfort to her heart.
Resolved to hang herself, she sat upright;
then, as she tied her girdle to a beam,
she said, “Farewell, beloved Cinyras,
and may you know the cause of my sad death.”
And while she spoke those words, her fingers fixed
the noosed rope close around her death-pale neck.
They say the murmur of despairing words
was heard by her attentive nurse who watched
outside the room. And, faithful as of old,
she opened the shut door. But, when she saw
the frightful preparations made for death,
the odd nurse screamed and beat and tore her breast,
then seized and snatched the rope from Myrrha's neck;
and after she had torn the noose apart,
at last she had the time to weep and time,
while she embraced the girl, to ask her why
the halter had been fastened round her neck.
The girl in stubborn silence only fixed
her eyes upon the ground—sad that her first
attempt at death, because too slow, was foiled.
The old nurse-woman urged and urged, and showed
her gray hair and her withered breasts, and begged
her by the memory of her cradle days,
and baby nourishment, to hide no more
from her long-trusted nurse what caused her grief.

397Seu furor est, habeo, quae carmine sanet et herbis, sive aliquis nocuit, magico lustrabere ritu, ira deum sive est, sacris placabilis ira. 400Quid rear ulterius ? Certe fortuna domusque sospes et in cursu est, vivit genetrixque paterque.” Myrrha, patre audito, suspiria duxit ab imo pectore. Nec nutrix etiamnum concipit ullum mente nefas, aliquemque tamen praesentit amorem; 405propositique tenax, quodcumque est, orat, ut ipsi indicet, et gremio lacrimantem tollit anili atque ita complectens infirmis membra lacertis “sensimus,” inquit “amas! sed et hic mea (pone timorem) sedulitas erit apta tibi, nec sentiet umquam 410hoc pater.” Exsiluit gremio furibunda torumque ore premens “discede, precor, miseroque pudori parce!” ait. Instanti “discede, aut desine” dixit “quaerere, quid doleam: scelus est, quod scire laboras.” Horret anus tremulasque manus annisque metuque 415tendit et ante pedes supplex procumbit alumnae et modo blanditur, modo, si non conscia fiat, terret; et indicium laquei coeptaeque minatur mortis et officium commisso spondet amori. Extulit illa caput lacrimisque implevit obortis 420pectora nutricis; conataque saepe fateri saepe tenet vocem, pudibundaque vestibus ora texit et “o” dixit “felicem coniuge matrem!” Hactenus, et gemuit. Gelidus nutricis in artus ossaque (sensit enim) penetrat tremor, albaque toto 425vertice canities rigidis stetit hirta capillis. Multaque, ut excuteret diros, si posset, amores, addidit: at virgo scit se non falsa moneri, certa mori tamen est, si non potiatur amore. “Vive,” ait haec “potiere tuo” — et, non ausa “parente” 430dicere, conticuit promissaque numine firmat.

The girl turned from her questions with a sigh.
The nurse, still more determined to know all,
promised fidelity and her best aid—
“Tell me,” she said, “and let me give you help;
my old age offers means for your relief:
if it be frantic passion, I have charms
and healing herbs; or, if an evil spell
was worked on you by someone, you shall be
cured to your perfect self by magic rites;
or, if your actions have enraged the Gods,
a sacrifice will satisfy their wrath.
What else could be the cause? Your family
and you are prosperous—your mother dear,
and your loved father are alive and well.”
And, when she heard her say the name of father,
a sigh heaved up from her distracted heart.
But even after that the nurse could not
conceive such evil in the girl's sick heart;
and yet she had a feeling it must be
only a love affair could cause the crime:
and with persistent purpose begged the cause.
She pressed the weeping girl against her breast;
and as she held her in her feeble arms,
she said, “Sweet heart, I know you are in love:
in this affair I am entirely yours
for your good service, you must have no fear,
your father cannot learn of it from me.,”
just like a mad girl, Myrrha sprang away,
and with her face deep-buried in a couch,
sobbed out, “Go from me or stop asking me
my cause of grief—it is a crime of shame—
I cannot tell it!” Horrified the nurse
stretched forth her trembling hands, palsied
with age and fear. She fell down at the feet
of her loved foster-child, and coaxing her
and frightening her, she threatened to disclose
her knowledge of the halter and of what
she knew of her attempted suicide;
and after all was said, she gave her word
to help the girl, when she had given to her
a true confession of her sad heart-love.
The girl just lifted up her face, and laid
it, weeping, on the bosom of her nurse.
She tried so often to confess, and just
as often checked her words, her shamed face hid
deep in her garment: “Oh”, at last she groans,
“O mother blessed in your husband—oh!”
Only that much she said and groaned. The nurse
felt a cold horror stealing through her heart
and frame, for she now understood it all.
And her white hair stood bristling on her head,
while with the utmost care of love and art
she strove to use appropriate words and deeds,
to banish the mad passion of the girl.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.