Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 10.220–297: The Propoetides and Pygmalion

Orpheus sings of the Cerastae, men with horns who sacrificed strangers, and of the Propoetides, who denied the divinity of Aphrodite (Venus) and were the first to prostitute themselves, and who were turned to stone. Pygmalion, a sculptor of Cyprus, disgusted by such women, carves an ivory statue so beautiful that he falls in love with it. At the festival of Aphrodite he prays for a wife like the statue, and when he returns home and kisses the statue, it comes to life, and they have a daughter, Paphos.

Lines 10.220–297 · 992 words · click a number to copy its link
220At si forte roges fecundam Amathunta metallis, an genuisse velit Propoetidas, abnuat aeque atque illos, gemino quondam quibus aspera cornu frons erat: unde etiam nomen traxere Cerastae. Ante fores horum stabat Iovis Hospitis ara; 225ignarus sceleris quam siquis sanguine tinctam advena vidisset, mactatos crederet illic lactantes vitulos Amathusiacasque bidentes: hospes erat caesus. Sacris offensa nefandis ipsa suas urbes Ophiusiaque arva parabat 230deserere alma Venus. “Sed quid loca grata, quid urbes peccavere meae? Quod” dixit “crimen in illis? Exsilio poenam potius gens impia pendat, vel nece, vel siquid medium est mortisque fugaeque. Idque quid esse potest, nisi versae poena figurae?” 235Dum dubitat, quo mutet eos, ad cornua vultum flexit et admonita est haec illis posse relinqui: grandiaque in torvos transformat membra iuvencos.

If you should ask Amathus, which is rich
in metals, how can she rejoice and take
a pride in deeds of her Propoetides;
she would disclaim it and repudiate
them all, as well as those of transformed men,
whose foreheads were deformed by two rough horns,
from which their name Cerastae. By their gates
an altar unto Jove stood. If by chance
a stranger, not informed of their dark crimes,
had seen the horrid altar smeared with blood,
he would suppose that suckling calves and sheep
of Amathus, were sacrificed thereon—
it was in fact the blood of slaughtered guests!
Kind-hearted Venus, outraged by such deeds
of sacrifice, was ready to desert
her cities and her snake-infested plains;
“But how,” said she, “have their delightful lands
together with my well built cities sinned?
What crime have they done?—Those inhabitants
should pay the penalty of their own crimes
by exile or by death; or it may be
a middle course, between exile and death;
and what can that be, but the punishment
of a changed form?” And while she hesitates,
in various thoughts of what form they should take,
her eyes by chance, observed their horns,
and that decided her; such horns could well
be on them after any change occurred,
and she transformed their big and brutal bodies
to savage bulls.

238Sunt tamen obscenae Venerem Propoetides ausae esse negare deam. Pro quo sua, numinis ira, 240corpora cum forma primae vulgasse feruntur: utque pudor cessit sanguisque induruit oris, in rigidum parvo silicem discrimine versae. Quas quia Pygmalion aevum per crimen agentes viderat, offensus vitiis, quae plurima menti 245femineae natura dedit, sine coniuge caelebs vivebat thalamique diu consorte carebat. Interea niveum mira feliciter arte sculpsit ebur formamque dedit, qua femina nasci nulla potest: operisque sui concepit amorem. 250Virginis est verae facies, quam vivere credas, et, si non obstet reverentia, velle moveri: ars adeo latet arte sua. Miratur et haurit pectore Pygmalion simulati corporis ignes. Saepe manus operi temptantes admovet, an sit 255corpus an illud ebur: nec adhuc ebur esse fatetur. Oscula dat reddique putat loquiturque tenetque, et credit tactis digitos insidere membris, et metuit, pressos veniat ne livor in artus.

But even after that,
the obscene Propoetides dared to deny
divinity of Venus, for which fault,
(and it is common fame) they were the first
to criminate their bodies, through the wrath
of Venus; and so blushing shame was lost,
white blood, in their bad faces grew so fast,
so hard, it was no wonder they were turned
with small change into hard and lifeless stones.
Pygmalion saw these women waste their lives
in wretched shame, and critical of faults
which nature had so deeply planted through
their female hearts, he lived in preference,
for many years unmarried.—But while he
was single, with consummate skill, he carved
a statue out of snow-white ivory,
and gave to it exquisite beauty, which
no woman of the world has ever equalled:
she was so beautiful, he fell in love
with his creation. It appeared in truth
a perfect virgin with the grace of life,
but in the expression of such modesty
all motion was restrained—and so his art
concealed his art. Pygmalion gazed, inflamed
with love and admiration for the form,
in semblance of a woman, he had carved.
He lifts up both his hands to feel the work,
and wonders if it can be ivory,
because it seems to him more truly flesh. —
his mind refusing to conceive of it
as ivory, he kisses it and feels
his kisses are returned. And speaking love,
caresses it with loving hands that seem
to make an impress, on the parts they touch,
so real that he fears he then may bruise
her by his eager pressing. Softest tones
are used each time he speaks to her.

259Et modo blanditias adhibet, modo grata puellis 260munera fert illi conchas teretesque lapillos et parvas volucres et flores mille colorum liliaque pictasque pilas et ab arbore lapsas Heliadum lacrimas; ornat quoque vestibus artus, dat digitis gemmas, dat longa monilia collo: 265aure leves bacae, redimicula pectore pendent. Cuncta decent: nec nuda minus formosa videtur. Conlocat hanc stratis concha Sidonide tinctis appellatque tori sociam, acclinataque colla mollibus in plumis, tamquam sensura, reponit. 270Festa dies Veneris tota celeberrima Cypro venerat, et pandis inductae cornibus aurum conciderant ictae nivea cervice iuvencae, turaque fumabant: cum munere functus ad aras constitit et timide, “si di dare cuncta potestis, 275sit coniunx, opto” (non ausus “eburnea virgo” dicere) Pygmalion “similis mea” dixit “eburnae.” Sensit, ut ipsa suis aderat Venus aurea festis, vota quid illa velint; et, amici numinis omen, flamma ter accensa est apicemque per aera duxit.

He brings
to her such presents as are surely prized
by sweet girls; such as smooth round pebbles, shells,
and birds, and fragrant flowers of thousand tints,
lilies, and painted balls, and amber tears
of Heliads, which distill from far off trees.—
he drapes her in rich clothing and in gems:
rings on her fingers, a rich necklace round
her neck, pearl pendants on her graceful ears;
and golden ornaments adorn her breast.
All these are beautiful—and she appears
most lovable, if carefully attired,—
or perfect as a statue, unadorned.
He lays her on a bed luxurious, spread
with coverlets of Tyrian purple dye,
and naming her the consort of his couch,
lays her reclining head on the most soft
and downy pillows, trusting she could feel.
The festal day of Venus, known throughout
all Cyprus, now had come, and throngs were there
to celebrate. Heifers with spreading horns,
all gold-tipped, fell when given the stroke of death
upon their snow-white necks; and frankincense
was smoking on the altars. There, intent,
Pygmalion stood before an altar, when
his offering had been made; and although he
feared the result, he prayed: “If it is true,
O Gods, that you can give all things, I pray
to have as my wife—” but, he did not dare
to add “my ivory statue-maid,” and said,
“One like my ivory—.” Golden Venus heard,
for she was present at her festival,
and she knew clearly what the prayer had meant.
She gave a sign that her Divinity
favored his plea: three times the flame leaped high
and brightly in the air.

280Ut rediit, simulacra suae petit ille puellae incumbensque toro dedit oscula: visa tepere est. Admovet os iterum, manibus quoque pectora temptat: temptatum mollescit ebur positoque rigore subsidit digitis ceditque, ut Hymettia sole 285cera remollescit tractataque pollice multas flectitur in facies ipsoque fit utilis usu. Dum stupet et dubie gaudet fallique veretur, rursus amans rursusque manu sua vota retractat. Corpus erat: saliunt temptatae pollice venae. 290Tum vero Paphius plenissima concipit heros verba, quibus Veneri grates agat, oraque tandem ore suo non falsa premit: dataque oscula virgo sensit et erubuit timidumque ad lumina lumen attollens pariter cum caelo vidit amantem. 295Coniugio, quod fecit, adest dea. Iamque coactis cornibus in plenum noviens lunaribus orbem illa Paphon genuit, de qua tenet insula nomen.

When he returned,
he went directly to his image-maid,
bent over her, and kissed her many times,
while she was on her couch; and as he kissed,
she seemed to gather some warmth from his lips.
Again he kissed her; and he felt her breast;
the ivory seemed to soften at the touch,
and its firm texture yielded to his hand,
as honey-wax of Mount Hymettus turns
to many shapes when handled in the sun,
and surely softens from each gentle touch.
He is amazed; but stands rejoicing in his doubt;
while fearful there is some mistake, again
and yet again, gives trial to his hopes
by touching with his hand. It must be flesh!
The veins pulsate beneath the careful test
of his directed finger. Then, indeed,
the astonished hero poured out lavish thanks
to Venus; pressing with his raptured lips
his statue's lips. Now real, true to life—
the maiden felt the kisses given to her,
and blushing, lifted up her timid eyes,
so that she saw the light and sky above,
as well as her rapt lover while he leaned
gazing beside her—and all this at once—
the goddess graced the marriage she had willed,
and when nine times a crescent moon had changed,
increasing to the full, the statue-bride
gave birth to her dear daughter Paphos. From
which famed event the island takes its name.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.