Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 9.572–665: Byblis turned into a spring

She sends the letter anyway, and Caunus, horrified at his sister's confession, throws down the letter, leaves home and founds a city in a far land. Byblis, driven mad, wanders through the countryside crying out his name. She falls at last to the ground and weeps, and her tears turn her into a spring.

Lines 9.572–665 · 1082 words · click a number to copy its link
572Omine turbata est: misit tamen. Apta minister tempora nactus adit traditque latentia verba. Attonitus subita iuvenis Maeandrius ira 575proicit acceptas lecta sibi parte tabellas vixque manus retinens trepidantis ab ore ministri “dum licet, o vetitae scelerate libidinis auctor, effuge!” ait: “qui, si nostrum tua fata pudorem non traherent secum, poenas mihi morte dedisses.” 580Ille fugit pavidus dominaeque ferocia Cauni dicta refert. Palles audita, Bybli, repulsa, et pavet obsessum glaciali frigore corpus. Mens tamen ut rediit, pariter rediere furores, linguaque vix tales icto dedit aere voces: 585“Et merito! quid enim temeraria vulneris huius indicium feci? Quid, quae celanda fuerunt, tam cito commisi properatis verba tabellis? Ante erat ambiguis animi sententia dictis praetemptanda mihi. Ne non sequeretur euntem, 590parte aliqua veli, qualis foret aura, notare debueram tutoque mari decurrere, quae nunc non exploratis inplevi lintea ventis.

Although disturbed by this bad omen, she
still sent the letter, which the servant found
an opportunity to carry off.
He gave the secret love-confession. This
her brother, grandson of Maeander, read
but partly, and with sudden passion threw
the tablets from him. He could barely hold
himself from clutching on the throat of her
fear-trembling servant; as, enraged, he cried,
“Accursed pander to forbidden lust,
be gone!—before the knowledge of your death
is added to this unforeseen disgrace!”
The servant fled in terror, and told all
her brother's actions and his fierce reply
to Byblis: and when she had heard her love
had been repulsed, her startled face went pale,
and her whole body trembled in the grip
of ice-chills. Quickly as her mind regained
its usual strength, her maddening love returned,
came back with equal force, and while she choked
with her emotion, gasping she said this:
“I suffer only from my folly! why did I
so rashly tell him of my wounded heart?
And why did I so hastily commit
to tablets all I should have kept concealed?
I should have edged my way by feeling first,
obscurely hinting till I knew his mind
and disposition towards me. And so that
my first voyage might get favorable wind,
I should have tested with a close-reefed sail,
and, knowing what the wind was, safely fared.

593Auferor in scopulos igitur subversaque toto obruor oceano, neque habent mea vela recursus. 595Quid quod et ominibus certis prohibebar amori indulgere meo, tum cum mihi ferre iubenti excidit et fecit spes nostras cera caducas? Nonne vel illa dies fuerat vel tota voluntas, sed potius mutanda dies? Deus ipse monebat 600signaque certa dabat, si non male sana fuissem. Et tamen ipsa loqui, nec me committere cerae debueram praesensque meos aperire furores (vidisset lacrimas, vultum vidisset amantis!), plura loqui poteram, quam quae cepere tabellae. 605Invito potui circumdare bracchia collo et, si reicerer, potui moritura videri amplectique pedes adfusaque poscere vitam. Omnia fecissem, quorum si singula duram flectere non poterant, potuissent omnia, mentem. 610Forsitan et missi sit quaedam culpa ministri: non adiit apte nec legit idonea, credo, tempora nec petiit horamque animumque vacantem.

But now with sails full spread I have been tossed
by unexpected winds. And so my ship
is on the rocks; and, overwhelmed with all
the power of Ocean, I have not the strength
to turn back and recover what is lost.
“Surely clear omens warned me not to tell
my love so soon, because the tablets fell
just when I would have put them in the hand
of my picked servant — certainly a sign
my hasty hopes were destined to fall down.
Is it not clear I should have changed the day;
and even my intention? Rather say
should not the day have been postponed at once?
The god himself gave me unerring signs,
if I had not been so deranged with love.
I should have spoken to him, face to face;
and with my own lips have confessed it all;
and then my passion had been seen by him,
and, as my face was bathed in tears, I could
have told him so much more than words engraved
on tablets; and, while I was telling him
I could have thrown my arms around his neck,
and if rejected could have seemed almost
at point of death; as I embraced his feet,
while prostrate, even might have begged for life.
I could have tried so many plans, and they
together would have won his stubborn heart.
“Perhaps my stupid servant, in mistake,
did not approach him at a proper time,
and even sought an hour his mind was full
of other things.

613Haec nocuere mihi. Neque enim est de tigride natus nec rigidas silices solidumve in pectore ferrum 615aut adamanta gerit nec lac bibit ille leaenae. Vincetur! Repetendus erit, nec taedia coepti ulla mei capiam, dum spiritus iste manebit. Nam primum, si facta mihi revocare liceret, non coepisse fuit: coepta expugnare secundum est. 620Quippe nec ille potest, ut iam mea vota relinquam, non tamen ausorum semper memor esse meorum, et, quia desierim, leviter voluisse videbor aut etiam temptasse illum insidiisque petisse; vel certe non hoc, qui plurimus urget et urit 625pectora nostra, deo, sed victa libidine credar. Denique iam nequeo nil commisisse nefandum. Et scripsi et petii: temerata est nostra voluntas; ut nihil adiciam, non possum innoxia dici. Quod superest, multum est in vota, in crimina parvum.” 630Dixit, et (incertae tanta est discordia mentis) cum pigeat temptasse, libet temptare: modumque exit et infelix committit saepe repelli.

“All this has harmed my case;
there is no other reason; he was not
born of a tigress, and his heart is not
of flint or solid iron, or of adamant;
and no she-lion suckled him. He shall
be won to my affection; and I must
attempt again, again, nor ever cease
so long as I have breath. If it were not
too late already to undo what has
been done, 'twere wiser not begun at all.
But since I have begun, it now is best
to end it with success. How can he help
remembering what I dared, although I should
abandon my design! In such a case,
because I gave up, I must be to him
weak, fickle-minded; or perhaps he may
believe I tried to tempt him with a snare.
But come what may, he will not think of me
as overcome by some god who inflames
and rules the heart. He surely will believe
I was so actuated by my lust.
“If I do nothing more, my innocence
is gone forever. I have written him
and wooed him also, in a way so rash
and unmistakable, that if I should
do nothing more than this, I should be held
completely guilty in my brother's sight—
but I have hope, and nothing worse to fear.”
Then back and forth she argues; and so great
is her uncertainty, she blames herself
for what she did, and is determined just
as surely to succeed.

633Mox ubi finis abest, patriam fugit ille nefasque inque peregrina ponit nova moenia terra. 635Tum vero maestam tota Miletida mente defecisse ferunt, tum vero a pectore vestem diripuit planxitque suos furibunda lacertos. Iamque palam est demens inconcessamque fatetur spem veneris, siquidem patriam invisosque penates 640deserit et profugi sequitur vestigia fratris. Utque tuo motae, proles Semeleia, thyrso Ismariae celebrant repetita triennia bacchae, Byblida non aliter latos ululasse per agros Bubasides videre nurus. Quibus illa relictis 645Caras et armiferos Lelegas Lyciamque pererrat. Iam Cragon et Limyren Xanthique reliquerat undas, quoque Chimaera iugo mediis in partibus ignem, pectus et ora leae, caudam serpentis habebat; deficiunt silvae, cum tu lassata sequendo 650concidis et dura positis tellure capillis, Bybli, iaces frondesque tuo premis ore caducas. Saepe etiam nymphae teneris Lelegeides ulnis tollere conantur; saepe, ut medeatur amori, praecipiunt surdaeque adhibent solacia menti: 655muta iacet viridesque suis tenet unguibus herbas Byblis, et umectat lacrimarum gramina rivus. Naidas his venam, quae numquam arescere posset, subposuisse ferunt: quid enim dare maius habebant? Protinus, ut secto piceae de cortice guttae, 660utve tenax gravida manat tellure bitumen, utve sub adventu spirantis lene favoni sole remollescit, quae frigore constitit, unda, sic lacrimis consumpta suis Phoebeia Byblis vertitur in fontem, qui nunc quoque vallibus illis 665nomen habet dominae nigraque sub ilice manat.

She tries all arts,
but is repeatedly repulsed by him,
until unable to control her ways,
her brother in despair, fled from the shame
of her designs: and in another land
he founded a new city.
Then, they say,
the wretched daughter of Miletus lost
control of reason. She wrenched from her breast
her garments, and quite frantic, beat her arms,
and publicly proclaims unhallowed love.
Grown desperate, she left her hated home,
her native land, and followed the loved steps
of her departed brother. Just as those
crazed by your thyrsus, son of Semele!
The Bacchanals of Ismarus, aroused,
howl at your orgies, so her shrieks were heard
by the shocked women of Bubassus, where
the frenzied Byblis howled across the fields,
and so through Caria and through Lycia,
over the mountain Cragus and beyond
the town, Lymira, and the flowing stream
called Xanthus, and the ridge where dwelt
Chimaera, serpent-tailed and monstrous beast,
fire breathing from its lion head and neck.
She hurried through the forest of that ridge—
and there at last worn out with your pursuit,
O Byblis, you fell prostrate, with your hair
spread over the hard ground, and your wan face
buried in fallen leaves. Although the young,
still tender-hearted nymphs of Leleges,
advised her fondly how to cure her love,
and offered comfort to her heedless heart,
and even lifted her in their soft arms;
without an answer Byblis fell from them,
and clutched the green herbs with her fingers, while
her tears continued to fall on the grass.
They say the weeping Naiads gave to her
a vein of tears which always flows there from
her sorrows—nothing better could be done.
Immediately, as drops of pitch drip forth
from the gashed pine, or sticky bitumen
distils out from the rich and heavy earth,
or as the frozen water at the approach
of a soft-breathing wind melts in the sun;
so Byblis, sad descendant of the Sun,
dissolving in her own tears, was there changed
into a fountain; which to this late day,
in all those valleys has no name but hers,
and issues underneath a dark oak-tree.

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Metamorphoses 9.572–665: Byblis turned into a spring | Ovid