Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 10.431–518: Myrrha's flight and the birth of Adonis

The nurse, in the end, yields and promises to help her, and arranges for Myrrha to go to Cinyras' bed in the dark during the festival of Demeter (Ceres), when the queen is away. Myrrha visits her father night after night, until Cinyras, bringing a light, sees whom he has been with, and draws his sword. She flees, wandering through Arabia for nine months, and finally prays to the gods to be neither among the living nor the dead. She is changed into a myrrh tree, and from the tree, which weeps resin, the child Adonis is born.

Lines 10.431–518 · 1079 words · click a number to copy its link
431Festa piae Cereris celebrabant annua matres illa, quibus nivea velatae corpora veste primitias frugum dant spicea serta suarum perque novem noctes venerem tactusque viriles 435in vetitis numerant. Turba Cenchreis in illa regis adest coniunx, arcanaque sacra frequentat. Ergo legitima vacuus dum coniuge lectus, nacta gravem vino Cinyram male sedula nutrix, nomine mentito veros exponit amores 440et faciem laudat. Quaesitis virginis annis “par” ait “est Myrrhae.” Quam postquam adducere iussa est utque domum rediit, “gaude mea” dixit “alumna: vicimus.” Infelix non toto pectore sentit laetitiam virgo, praesagaque pectora maerent; 445sed tamen et gaudet: tanta est discordia mentis. Tempus erat, quo cuncta silent, interque triones flexerat obliquo plaustrum temone Bootes: ad facinus venit illa suum. Fugit aurea caelo luna, tegunt nigrae latitantia sidera nubes: 450nox caret igne suo. Primus tegis, Icare, vultus Erigoneque pio sacrata parentis amore.

Though Myrrha knew that she was truly warned,
she was resolved to die, unless she could
obtain the object of her wicked love.
The nurse gave way at last as in defeat,
and said, “Live and enjoy—” but did not dare
to say, “your father”, did not finish, though,
she promised and confirmed it with an oath.
It was the time when matrons celebrate
the annual festival of Ceres. Then,
all robed in decent garments of snow-white,
they bring garlands of precious wheat, which are
first fruits of worship; and for nine nights they
must count forbidden every act of love,
and shun the touch of man. And in that throng,
Cenchreis, the king's wife, with constant care
attended every secret rite: and so
while the king's bed was lacking his true wife,
one of those nights,—King Cinyras was drunk
with too much wine,—the scheming nurse informed
him of a girl most beautiful, whose love
for him was passionate; in a false tale
she pictured a true passion. — When he asked
the maiden's age, she answered, “Just the same
as Myrrha's.” Bidden by the king to go
and fetch her, the officious old nurse, when
she found the girl, cried out; “Rejoice, my dear,
we have contrived it!” The unhappy girl
could not feel genuine joy in her amazed
and startled body. Her dazed mind was filled
with strange forebodings; but she did believe
her heart was joyful.—Great excitement filled
her wrecked heart with such inconsistencies.

452Ter pedis offensi signo est revocata, ter omen funereus bubo letali carmine fecit: it tamen, et tenebrae minuunt noxque atra pudorem; 455nutricisque manum laeva tenet, altera motu caecum iter explorat. Thalami iam limina tangit, iamque fores aperit, iam ducitur intus: at illi poplite succiduo genua intremuere, fugitque et color et sanguis, animusque relinquit euntem. 460Quoque suo propior sceleri est, magis horret, et ausi paenitet, et vellet non cognita posse reverti. Cunctantem longaeva manu deducit et alto admotam lecto cum traderet “accipe,” dixit “ista tua est, Cinyra” devotaque corpora iunxit. 465Accipit obsceno genitor sua viscera lecto virgineosque metus levat hortaturque timentem. Forsitan aetatis quoque nomine “filia” dixit, dixit et illa “pater,” sceleri ne nomina desint. Plena patris thalamis excedit et impia diro 470semina fert utero conceptaque crimina portat.

Now was the time when nature is at rest;
between the Bears, Bootes turned his wain
down to the west, and the guilty Myrrha turns
to her enormity. The golden moon
flies from the heaven, and black clouds cover
the hiding stars and Night has lost her fires.
The first to hide were stars of Icarus
and of Erigone, in hallowed love
devoted to her father. Myrrha thrice
was warned by omen of her stumbling foot;
the funeral screech-owl also warned her thrice,
with dismal cry; yet Myrrha onward goes.
It seems to her the black night lessens shame.
She holds fast to her nurse with her left hand,
and with the other hand gropes through the dark.
And now they go until she finds the door.
Now at the threshold of her father's room,
she softly pushes back the door, her nurse
takes her within. The girl's knees trembling sink
beneath her. Her drawn bloodless face has lost
its color, and while she moves to the crime,
bad courage goes from her until afraid
of her bold effort, she would gladly turn
unrecognized. But as she hesitates,
the aged crone still holds her by the hand;
and leading her up to the high bed there
delivering Myrrha, says, “Now Cinyras,
you take her, she is yours;” and leaves the pair
doomed in their crime — the father to pollute
his own flesh in his own bed; where he tries
first to encourage her from maiden fears,
by gently talking to the timid girl.

471Postera nox facinus geminat. Nec finis in illa est: cum tandem Cinyras, avidus cognoscere amantem post tot concubitus, inlato lumine vidit et scelus et natam, verbisque dolore retentis 475pendenti nitidum vagina deripit ensem. Myrrha fugit, tenebrisque et caecae munere noctis intercepta neci est: latosque vagata per agros palmiferos Arabas Panchaeaque rura reliquit; perque novem erravit redeuntis cornua lunae, 480cum tandem terra requievit fessa Sabaea; vixque uteri portabat onus. Tum nescia voti atque inter mortisque metus et taedia vitae est tales complexa preces: “O siqua patetis numina confessis, merui nec triste recuso 485supplicium. Sed ne violem vivosque superstes mortuaque exstinctos, ambobus pellite regnis mutataeque mihi vitamque necemque negate.” Numen confessis aliquod patet: ultima certe vota suos habuere deos. Nam crura loquentis 490terra supervenit, ruptosque obliqua per ungues porrigitur radix, longi firmamina trunci;

He chanced to call her “daughter,” as a name
best suited to her age; and she in turn,
endearing, called him “father”, so no names
might be omitted to complete their guilt.
She staggered from his chamber with the crime
of her own father hidden in her womb,
and their guilt was repeated many nights;
till Cinyras — determined he must know
his mistress, after many meetings, brought
a light and knew his crime had harmed his daughter.
Speechless in shame he drew forth his bright sword
out from the scabbard where it hung near by.—
but frightened Myrrha fled, and so escaped
death in the shadows of dark night. Groping
her pathless way at random through the fields,
she left Arabia, famed for spreading palms,
and wandered through Panchaean lands. Until
after nine months of aimless wandering days,
she rested in Sabaea, for she could
not hold the burden she had borne so long.
Not knowing what to pray for, moved alike
by fear of death and weariness of life,
her wishes were expressed in prayer: “O Gods,
if you will listen to my prayer, I do
not shun a dreadful punishment deserved;
but now because my life offends the living,
and dying I offend the dead, drive me
from both conditions; change me, and refuse
my flesh both life and death!”
Some god did listen
to her unnatural prayer; her last petition
had answering gods.

492ossaque robur agunt, mediaque manente medulla sanguis it in sucos, in magnos bracchia ramos, in parvos digiti, duratur cortice pellis. 495Iamque gravem crescens uterum perstrinxerat arbor pectoraque obruerat collumque operire parabat, non tulit illa moram venientique obvia ligno subsedit mersitque suos in cortice vultus. Quae quamquam amisit veteres cum corpore sensus, 500flet tamen, et tepidae manant ex arbore guttae. Est honor et lacrimis, stillataque robore murra nomen erile tenet nulloque tacebitur aevo. At male conceptus sub robore creverat infans quaerebatque viam, qua se genetrice relicta 505exsereret: media gravidus tumet arbore venter. Tendit onus matrem: neque habent sua verba dolores, nec Lucina potest parientis voce vocari. Nitenti tamen est similis curvataque crebros dat gemitus arbor lacrimisque cadentibus umet. 510Constitit ad ramos mitis Lucina dolentes admovitque manus et verba puerpera dixit. Arbor agit rimas et fissa cortice vivum reddit onus, vagitque puer; quem mollibus herbis naides impositum lacrimis unxere parentis. 515Laudaret faciem Livor quoque. Qualia namque corpora nudorum tabula pinguntur Amorum, talis erat: sed, ne faciat discrimina cultus, aut huic adde leves, aut illi deme pharetras.

For even as she prayed,
the earth closed over her legs; roots grew out
and, stretching forth obliquely from her nails,
gave strong support to her up-growing trunk;
her bones got harder, and her marrow still
unchanged, kept to the center, as her blood
was changed to sap, as her outstretching arms
became long branches and her fingers twigs;
and as her soft skin hardened into bark:
and the fast-growing tree had closely bound
her womb, still heavy, and had covered her
soft bosom; and was spreading quickly up
to her neck.—She can not endure the strain,
and sinking down into the rising wood,
her whole face soon was hidden in the bark.
Although all sense of human life was gone,
as quickly as she lost her human form,
her weeping was continued, and warm drops
distilled from her (the tree) cease not to fall.
There is a virtue even in her tears—
the valued myrrh distilling from the trunk,
keeps to her name, by which she still is known,
and cannot be forgot of aging time.
The guilt-begotten child had growth while wood
was growing, and endeavored now to find
a way of safe birth. The tree-trunk was swelling
and tightened against Myrrha, who, unable
to express her torture, could not call upon
Lucina in the usual words of travail.
But then just like a woman in great pain,
the tree bends down and, while it groans, bedews
itself with falling tears. Lucina stood
in pity near the groaning branches, laid
her hands on them, and uttered charms to aid
the hindered birth. The tree cracked open then,
the bark was rent asunder, and it gave forth
its living weight, a wailing baby-boy.
The Naiads laid him on soft leaves, and they
anointed him with his own mother's tears.
Even Envy would not fail to praise the child,
as beautiful as naked cupids seen
in chosen paintings. Only give to him
a polished quiver, or take theirs from them,
and no keen eye could choose him from their midst.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Metamorphoses Book 10, lines 431–518: Myrrha's flight and…