Hesiod · Theogony Θεογονία

Hesiod, Theogony 780–819: Styx and the oath of the gods (780-819)

Iris fetches water from the Styx, the eldest daughter of Oceanus, which the gods swear by. A god who perjures himself lies breathless for a year and is then barred from the feasts of the gods for nine years. Beyond lie the sources and limits of earth, sea and sky, and the Titans live beyond Chaos; Cottus and Gyes live on Ocean's foundations, and Briareos marries Poseidon's daughter.

Lines 780–819 · 382 words · click a number to copy its link
780παῦρα δὲ Θαύμαντος θυγάτηρ πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις ἀγγελίην πωλεῖται ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης. ὁππότʼ ἔρις καὶ νεῖκος ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν ὄρηται καί ῥʼ ὅστις ψεύδηται Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἐχόντων, Ζεὺς δέ τε Ἶριν ἔπεμψε θεῶν μέγαν ὅρκον ἐνεῖκαι 785τηλόθεν ἐν χρυσέῃ προχόῳ πολυώνυμον ὕδωρ ψυχρόν, ὅτʼ ἐκ πέτρης καταλείβεται ἠλιβάτοιο ὑψηλῆς· πολλὸν δὲ ὑπὸ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης ἐξ ἱεροῦ ποταμοῖο ῥέει διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν Ὠκεανοῖο κέρας· δεκάτη δʼ ἐπὶ μοῖρα δέδασται· 790ἐννέα μὲν περὶ γῆν τε καὶ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης δίνῃς ἀργυρέῃς εἱλιγμένος εἰς ἅλα πίπτει, ἣ δὲ μίʼ ἐκ πέτρης προρέει μέγα πῆμα θεοῖσιν. ὅς κεν τὴν ἐπίορκον ἀπολλείψας ἐπομόσσῃ ἀθανάτων, οἳ ἔχουσι κάρη νιφόεντος Ὀλύμπου, 795κεῖται νήυτμος τετελεσμένον εἰς ἐνιαυτόν· οὐδέ ποτʼ ἀμβροσίης καὶ νέκταρος ἔρχεται ἆσσον βρώσιος, ἀλλά τε κεῖται ἀνάπνευστος καὶ ἄναυδος στρωτοῖς ἐν λεχέεσσι, κακὸν δέ ἑ κῶμα καλύπτει. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ νοῦσον τελέσῃ μέγαν εἰς ἐνιαυτόν, 800ἄλλος γʼ ἐξ ἄλλου δέχεται χαλεπώτερος ἄεθλος. εἰνάετες δὲ θεῶν ἀπαμείρεται αἰὲν ἐόντων, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἐς βουλὴν ἐπιμίσγεται οὐδʼ ἐπὶ δαῖτας ἐννέα πάντα ἔτεα· δεκάτῳ δʼ ἐπιμίσγεται αὖτις εἴρας ἐς ἀθανάτων, οἳ Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσιν.

Rarely does the daughter of Thaumas, swift-footed Iris, come to her with a message over the sea's wide back. But when strife and quarrel arise among the deathless gods, and when any one of them who live in the house of Olympus lies, then Zeus sends Iris to bring in a golden jug the great oath of the gods from far away, the famous cold water which trickles down from a high and beetling rock. Far under the wide-pathed earth a branch of Oceanus flows through the dark night out of the holy stream, and a tenth part of his water is allotted to her. With nine silver-swirling streams he winds about the earth and the sea's wide back, and then falls into the main; but the tenth flows out from a rock, a sore trouble to the gods. For whoever of the deathless gods that hold the peaks of snowy Olympus pours a libation of her water and is forsworn, must lie breathless until a full year is completed, and never come near to taste ambrosia and nectar, but lie spiritless and voiceless on a strewn bed: and a heavy trance overshadows him. But when he has spent a long year in his sickness, another penance more hard follows after the first. For nine years he is cut off from the eternal gods and never joins their councils or their feasts, nine full years. But in the tenth year he comes again to join the assemblies of the deathless gods who live in the house of Olympus.

805τοῖον ἄρʼ ὅρκον ἔθεντο θεοὶ Στυγὸς ἄφθιτον ὕδωρ ὠγύγιον, τὸ δʼ ἵησι καταστυφέλου διὰ χώρου. ἔνθα δὲ γῆς δνοφερῆς καὶ Ταρτάρου ἠερόεντος πόντου τʼ ἀτρυγέτοιο καὶ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος ἑξείης πάντων πηγαὶ καὶ πείρατʼ ἔασιν 810ἀργαλέʼ εὐρώεντα, τά τε στυγέουσι θεοί περ. ἔνθα δὲ μαρμάρεαί τε πύλαι καὶ χάλκεος οὐδὸς ἀστεμφής, ῥίζῃσι διηνεκέεσσιν ἀρηρώς, αὐτοφυής· πρόσθεν δὲ θεῶν ἔκτοσθεν ἁπάντων Τιτῆνες ναίουσι, πέρην Χάεος ζοφεροῖο.

Such an oath, then, did the gods appoint the eternal and primeval water of Styx to be: and it spouts through a rugged place. And there, all in their order, are the sources and ends of the dark earth and misty Tartarus and the unfruitful sea and starry heaven, loathsome and dank, which even the gods abhor. And there are shining gates and an immovable threshold of bronze having unending roots, and it is grown of itself. And beyond, away from all the gods, live the Titans, beyond gloomy Chaos.

815αὐτὰρ ἐρισμαράγοιο Διὸς κλειτοὶ ἐπίκουροι δώματα ναιετάουσιν ἐπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο θεμέθλοις, Κόττος τʼ ἠδὲ Γύης· Βριάρεών γε μὲν ἠὺν ἐόντα γαμβρὸν ἑὸν ποίησε βαρύκτυπος Ἐννοσίγαιος, δῶκε δὲ Κυμοπόλειαν ὀπυίειν, θυγατέρα ἥν.

But the glorious allies of loud-crashing Zeus have their dwelling upon Ocean's foundations, even Cottus and Gyes; but Briareos, being goodly, the deep-roaring Earth-Shaker made his son-in-law, giving him Cymopolea his daughter to wed.

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English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914). Original text: Hugh G. Evelyn-White (ed.), Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.