Hesiod · Theogony Θεογονία

Hesiod, Theogony 570–614: The first woman: Zeus's price for fire (570-614)

Zeus gives men an evil in return for fire: Hephaestus moulds a maiden from earth, Athena dresses her, and the other gods adorn her. Hesiod says that from her comes the race of women, a great trouble to mortal men, like drones among the bees, and that marriage and bachelorhood each bring their own sorrow. He ends with the fate of Prometheus, whom strong bonds confine.

Lines 570–614 · 487 words · click a number to copy its link
570αὐτίκα δʼ ἀντὶ πυρὸς τεῦξεν κακὸν ἀνθρώποισιν· γαίης γὰρ σύμπλασσε περικλυτὸς Ἀμφιγυήεις παρθένῳ αἰδοίῃ ἴκελον Κρονίδεω διὰ βουλάς. ζῶσε δὲ καὶ κόσμησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη ἀργυφέη ἐσθῆτι· κατὰ κρῆθεν δὲ καλύπτρην 575δαιδαλέην χείρεσσι κατέσχεθε, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι· ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ στεφάνην χρυσέην κεφαλῆφιν ἔθηκε, τὴν αὐτὸς ποίησε περικλυτὸς Ἀμφιγυήεις

Forthwith he made an evil thing for men as the price of fire; for the very famous Limping God formed of earth the likeness of a shy maiden as the son of Cronos willed. And the goddess bright-eyed Athena girded and clothed her with silvery raiment, and down from her head she spread with her hands an embroidered veil, a wonder to see; and she, Pallas Athena, put about her head lovely garlands, flowers of new-grown herbs. Also she put upon her head a crown of gold which the very famous Limping God made himself and worked with his own hands as a favor to Zeus his father.

580ἀσκήσας παλάμῃσι, χαριζόμενος Διὶ πατρί. τῇ δʼ ἐνὶ δαίδαλα πολλὰ τετεύχατο, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι, κνώδαλʼ, ὅσʼ ἤπειρος πολλὰ τρέφει ἠδὲ θάλασσα, τῶν ὅ γε πόλλʼ ἐνέθηκε,—χάρις δʼ ἀπελάμπετο πολλή,— θαυμάσια, ζῴοισιν ἐοικότα φωνήεσσιν. 585αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῦξε καλὸν κακὸν ἀντʼ ἀγαθοῖο. ἐξάγαγʼ, ἔνθα περ ἄλλοι ἔσαν θεοὶ ἠδʼ ἄνθρωποι, κόσμῳ ἀγαλλομένην γλαυκώπιδος ὀβριμοπάτρης. θαῦμα δʼ ἔχʼ ἀθανάτους τε θεοὺς θνητούς τʼ ἀνθρώπους, ὡς εἶδον δόλον αἰπύν, ἀμήχανον ἀνθρώποισιν. 590ἐκ τῆς γὰρ γένος ἐστὶ γυναικῶν θηλυτεράων, πῆμα μέγʼ αἳ θνητοῖσι μετʼ ἀνδράσι ναιετάουσιν οὐλομένης πενίης οὐ σύμφοροι, ἀλλὰ κόροιο. ὡς δʼ ὁπότʼ ἐν σμήνεσσι κατηρεφέεσσι μέλισσαι 595κηφῆνας βόσκωσι, κακῶν ξυνήονας ἔργων— αἳ μέν τε πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα ἠμάτιαι σπεύδουσι τιθεῖσί τε κηρία λευκά, οἳ δʼ ἔντοσθε μένοντες ἐπηρεφέας κατὰ σίμβλους ἀλλότριον κάματον σφετέρην ἐς γαστέρʼ ἀμῶνται— 600ὣς δʼ αὔτως ἄνδρεσσι κακὸν θνητοῖσι γυναῖκας Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης θῆκεν, ξυνήονας ἔργων ἀργαλέων· ἕτερον δὲ πόρεν κακὸν ἀντʼ ἀγαθοῖο· ὅς κε γάμον φεύγων καὶ μέρμερα ἔργα γυναικῶν μὴ γῆμαι ἐθέλῃ, ὀλοὸν δʼ ἐπὶ γῆρας ἵκοιτο 605χήτεϊ γηροκόμοιο· ὅ γʼ οὐ βιότου ἐπιδευὴς ζώει, ἀποφθιμένου δὲ διὰ κτῆσιν δατέονται χηρωσταί· ᾧ δʼ αὖτε γάμου μετὰ μοῖρα γένηται, κεδνὴν δʼ ἔσχεν ἄκοιτιν ἀρηρυῖαν πραπίδεσσι, τῷ δέ τʼ ἀπʼ αἰῶνος κακὸν ἐσθλῷ ἀντιφερίζει 610ἐμμενές· ὃς δέ κε τέτμῃ ἀταρτηροῖο γενέθλης, ζώει ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔχων ἀλίαστον ἀνίην θυμῷ καὶ κραδίῃ, καὶ ἀνήκεστον κακόν ἐστιν. ὣς οὐκ ἔστι Διὸς κλέψαι νόον οὐδὲ παρελθεῖν. οὐδὲ γὰρ Ἰαπετιονίδης ἀκάκητα Προμηθεὺς

On it was much curious work, wonderful to see; for of the many creatures which the land and sea rear up, he put most upon it, wonderful things, like living beings with voices: and great beauty shone out from it. But when he had made the beautiful evil to be the price for the blessing, he brought her out, delighting in the finery which the bright-eyed daughter of a mighty father had given her, to the place where the other gods and men were. And wonder took hold of the deathless gods and mortal men when they saw that which was sheer guile, not to be withstood by men. For from her is the race of women and female kind: of her is the deadly race and tribe of women who live amongst mortal men to their great trouble, no helpmeets in hateful poverty, but only in wealth. And as in thatched hives bees feed the drones whose nature is to do mischief—by day and throughout the day until the sun goes down the bees are busy and lay the white combs, while the drones stay at home in the covered hives and reap the toil of others into their own bellies— even so Zeus who thunders on high made women to be an evil to mortal men, with a nature to do evil. And he gave them a second evil to be the price for the good they had: whoever avoids marriage and the sorrows that women cause, and will not wed, reaches deadly old age without anyone to tend his years, and though he at least has no lack of livelihood while he lives, yet, when he is dead, his kinsfolk divide his possessions amongst them. And as for the man who chooses the lot of marriage and takes a good wife suited to his mind, evil continually contends with good; for whoever happens to have mischievous children, lives always with unceasing grief in his spirit and heart within him; and this evil cannot be healed. So it is not possible to deceive or go beyond the will of Zeus: for not even the son of Iapetus, kindly Prometheus, escaped his heavy anger, but of necessity strong bands confined him, although he knew many a wile.

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English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914). Original text: Hugh G. Evelyn-White (ed.), Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.