XIII. Ἡνιόχου
Τοῦτον λέγουσιν ὅτι ὁ Ζεὺς ἰδὼν πρῶτον ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἅρμα ζεύξαντα [ἵππων], ὅς ἐστιν Ἐριχθόνιος ἐξ Ἡφαίστου καὶ Γῆς γενόμενος, καὶ θαυμάσας ὅτι τῇ τοῦ Ἡλίου ἀντίμιμον ἐποιήσατο δίφρειαν ὑποζεύξας ἵππους λευκοὺς ⟨ἀνήγαγεν εἰς τὰ ἄστρα⟩· πρῶτόν τε Ἀθηνᾷ πομπὴν ἤγαγεν ἐν ἀκροπόλει καὶ ἐποιήσατο πρὸς τούτοις ἐπιφανῆ τὴν θυσίαν αὐτῆς ⟨τὸ ξόανον⟩ σεμνύνων. λέγει δὲ καὶ Εὐριπίδης περὶ τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον· Ἥφαιστον ἐρασθέντα Ἀθηνᾶς βούλεσθαι αὐτῇ μιγῆναι, τῆς δὲ ἀποστρεφομένης καὶ τὴν παρθενίαν μᾶλλον αἱρουμένης ἔν τινι τόπῳ τῆς Ἀττικῆς κρύπτεσθαι, ὃν λέγουσι καὶ ἀπ’ ἐκείνου προσαγορευθῆναι Ἡφαιστεῖον· ὃς δόξας αὐτὴν κρατήσειν καὶ ἐπιθέμενος πληγεὶς ὑπ’ αὐτῆς τῷ δόρατι ἀφῆκε τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν, φερομένην εἰς τὴν γῆν τῆς σποράς· ἐξ ἧς γεγενῆσθαι λέγουσι παῖδα, ὃς ἐκ τούτου Ἐριχθόνιος ἐκλήθη, καὶ αὐξηθεὶς τοῦθ’ εὗρε καὶ ἐθαυμάσθη ἀγωνιστὴς γενόμενος· ἤγαγε δ’ ἐπιμελῶς τὰ Παναθήναια καὶ ἅρμα ἡνιόχει ἔχων παραβάτην ἀσπίδιον ἔχοντα καὶ τριλοφίαν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς· ἀπ’ ἐκείνου δὲ κατὰ μίμησιν ὁ καλούμενος ἀποβάτης.
Ἐσχημάτισται δ’ ἐν τούτῳ ἡ Αἲξ καὶ οἱ Ἔριφοι. Μουσαῖος γάρ φησι Δία γεννώμενον ἐγχειρισθῆναι ὑπὸ Ῥέας Θέμιδι, Θέμιν δὲ Ἀμαλθείᾳ δοῦναι τὸ βρέφος, τὴν δὲ ἔχουσαν αἶγα ὑποθεῖναι, τὴν δ’ ἐκθρέψαι Δία· τὴν δὲ Αἶγα εἶναι Ἡλίου θυγατέρα φοβερὰν οὕτως ὥστε τοὺς κατὰ Κρόνον θεούς, βδελυττομένους τὴν μορφὴν τῆς παιδός, ἀξιῶσαι ⟨τὴν⟩ Γῆν κρύψαι αὐτὴν ἔν τινι τῶν κατὰ Κρήτην ἄντρων· καὶ ἀποκρυψαμένην ἐπιμέλειαν αὐτῆς τῇ Ἀμαλθείᾳ ἐγχειρίσαι, τὴν δὲ τῷ ἐκείνης γάλακτι τὸν Δία ἐκθρέψαι· ἐλθόντος δὲ τοῦ παιδὸς εἰς ἡλικίαν καὶ μέλλοντος Τιτᾶσι πολεμεῖν, οὐκ ἔχοντος δὲ ὅπλα, θεσπισθῆναι αὐτῷ τῆς αἰγὸς τῇ δορᾷ ὅπλῳ χρήσασθαι διά τε τὸ ἄτρωτον αὐτῆς καὶ φοβερὸν καὶ διὰ τὸ εἰς μέσην τὴν ῥάχιν Γοργόνος πρόσωπον ἔχειν· ποιήσαντος δὲ ταῦτα τοῦ Διὸς καὶ τῇ τέχνῃ φανέντος διπλασίονος, τὰ ὀστᾶ δὲ τῆς αἰγὸς καλύψαντος ἄλλῃ δορᾷ καὶ ἔμψυχον αὐτὴν καὶ ἀθάνατον κατασκευάσαντος, αὐτὴν μέν φασιν [ἄστρον· οὐράνιον κατασκευάσαι] * * *
Τινὲς δέ φασι Μυρτίλον ὀνόματι τὸν ⟨Οἰνομάου⟩ ἡνίοχον εἶναι τὸν ἐξ Ἑρμοῦ γεγονότα.
Ἔχει δ’ ἀστέρας ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αʹ, καὶ ἐφ’ ἑκατέρων τῶν ὤμων αʹ, ὧν τὸν μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ λαμπρόν, ὃς καλεῖται Αἴξ, ἐφ’ ἑκατέρου ἀγκῶνος αʹ, ⟨ἐπὶ δεξιᾶς χειρὸς αʹ, ἐπ’⟩ ἀριστερᾶς χειρὸς βʹ, οἳ δὴ καλοῦνται Ἔριφοι· τοὺς πάντας ηʹ.
13. Of the Charioteer
They say that Zeus, seeing him first among human beings harnessing a chariot [of horses], this being Erichthonius, born of Hephaestus and Earth, and admiring that he had made a car in imitation of the Sun's by yoking white horses, ⟨raised him to the stars⟩; and that he first led a procession for Athena on the Acropolis, and in addition made a splendid sacrifice to her, ⟨exalting the statue⟩. Euripides also tells of his birth in this way: Hephaestus, in love with Athena, wished to lie with her, but she turned away and preferred virginity, and hid in a place in Attica, which they say was named Hephaisteion from that [event]; he, supposing that he would overpower her, and attacking, was struck by her with the spear, and let go his desire, which fell to the earth as seed; and from this they say a boy was born, who was named Erichthonius from that, and when he had grown he discovered this [art] and was admired as a competitor; he conducted the Panathenaea with care and drove a chariot with a companion who stood on it carrying a small shield and wearing a three-crested helmet on his head; and from him, by imitation, comes the man called the apobates.
In this constellation are also the Goat and the Kids. For Musaeus says that Zeus, at his birth, was entrusted by Rhea to Themis, and that Themis gave the baby to Amalthea; she, having a goat, put it beneath him, and nursed Zeus. The Goat was the daughter of the Sun, so terrible that the gods of Cronus's time, loathing the child's shape, asked Earth to hide her in one of the caves of Crete; and, having hidden her, she handed over the care of her to Amalthea, who nursed Zeus on the Goat's milk. When the boy had come of age and was about to fight the Titans, and had no weapons, he was told by an oracle to use the goat's hide as a weapon, because it could not be wounded and was terrifying and because it had a Gorgon's face in the middle of the back. When Zeus had done this and was seen to be doubly formidable through the contrivance, and had covered the goat's bones with another hide and made her alive and immortal, they say that he made her [a star, heavenly] * * *
Some say that it is Myrtilus, by name, the charioteer of ⟨Oenomaus⟩, who was born of Hermes.
It has stars: on the head 1, and on each of the shoulders 1, of which the one on the left is bright and is called the Goat (Aix); on each elbow 1, ⟨on the right hand 1, on⟩ the left hand 2, which are called the Kids (Eriphoi); 8 in all.
XIV. Ταύρου
Οὗτος λέγεται ἐν τοῖς ἄστροις τεθῆναι διὰ τὸ Εὐρώπην ἀγαγεῖν ἐκ Φοινίκης εἰς Κρήτην διὰ τοῦ πελάγους, ὡς Εὐριπίδης φησὶν ἐν τῷ Φρίξῳ· χάριν δὲ τούτου ἐν τοῖς ἐπιφανεστάτοις ἐστὶν ὑπὸ Διὸς τιμηθείς. ἕτεροι δέ φασι βοῦν εἶναι τῆς Ἰοῦς μίμημα· χάριν δὲ ἐκείνης ὑπὸ Διὸς ἐτιμήθη [τὸ ἄστρον].
Τοῦ δὲ Ταύρου τὸ μέτωπον σὺν τῷ προσώπῳ αἱ Ὑάδες καλούμεναι περιέχουσιν· πρὸς δὲ τῇ ἀποτομῇ τῆς ῥάχεως ἡ Πλειάς ἐστιν ἀστέρας ἔχουσα ἑπτά, διὸ καὶ ἑπτάστερος καλεῖται· οὐχ ὁρῶνται δὲ εἰ μὴ ἕξ, ὁ δὲ ἕβδομος ἀμαυρός ἐστι σφόδρα.
Ἔχει δ’ ὁ Ταῦρος ἀστέρας ζʹ· ὃς δὴ ὑπενάντια ἕρπει καθ’ ἑαυτὸν ἔχων τὴν κεφαλήν, ἐφ’ ἑκατέρων δὲ τῶν κεράτων ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκφύσεως αʹ, ὧν λαμπρότερος ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀριστερᾶς, ἐφ’ ἑκατέρων τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αʹ, ἐπὶ τοῦ μυκτῆρος αʹ, ἐφ’ ἑκατέρων τῶν ὤμων αʹ· οὗτοι Ὑάδες λέγονται· ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ γόνατος τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου αʹ, ἐπὶ τῶν χηλῶν ⟨ἑκατέρων⟩ αʹ, ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ γόνατος αʹ, ἐπὶ τοῦ τραχήλου βʹ, ἐπὶ τῆς ῥάχεως γʹ, τὸν ἔσχατον λαμπρόν, ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαν αʹ, ἐπὶ τοῦ στήθους λαμπρὸν αʹ· τοὺς πάντας ιηʹ.
14. Of the Bull
This one is said to have been set among the stars because he carried Europa from Phoenicia to Crete across the sea, as Euripides says in the Phrixus; and for this reason he is among the most conspicuous, having been honoured by Zeus. Others say that the bull is an image of Io, and that because of her he was honoured by Zeus [the constellation].
The forehead of the Bull, together with the face, is enclosed by the stars called the Hyades; and near the cut-off part of the back is the Pleiad, which has seven stars and is therefore called the Seven-star; but only six are seen, and the seventh is very faint.
The Bull has 7 [?] stars; he creeps in the opposite direction, having his head to himself [?]; on each of the horns, at the base, 1, of which the one on the left is brighter, on each of the eyes 1, on the nostril 1, on each of the shoulders 1: these are called the Hyades; on the left front knee 1, on ⟨each⟩ of the hooves 1, on the right knee 1, on the neck 2, on the back 3, the last one bright, under the belly 1, on the breast 1 bright one; 18 in all.
XV. Κηφέως
Οὗτος ἐν τάξει τέτακται τέταρτος· ὁ δ’ ἀρκτικὸς κύκλος αὐτὸν ἀπολαμβάνει ἀπὸ ποδῶν ἕως στήθους· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν εἰς τὸ ἀνὰ μέσον πίπτει αὐτοῦ τοῦ τε ἀρκτικοῦ καὶ θερινοῦ τροπικοῦ· ἦν δέ, ὡς Εὐριπίδης φησίν, Αἰθιόπων βασιλεύς, Ἀνδρομέδας δὲ πατήρ· τὴν δ’ αὐτοῦ θυγατέρα δοκεῖ προθεῖναι τῷ κήτει βοράν, ἣν Περσεὺς ὁ Διὸς διέσωσε· δι’ ἣν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τοῖς ἄστροις ἐτέθη Ἀθηνᾶς γνώμῃ.
Ἔχει δ’ ἀστέρας ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς λαμπροὺς βʹ, ἐφ’ ἑκατέρων ὤμων αʹ, καὶ ⟨ἐπὶ⟩ χειρῶν ἑκατέρων αʹ, ⟨ἐπ’⟩ ἀγκώνων ἑκατέρων αʹ ⟨ἀμαυρόν, ἐπὶ⟩ ζώνης γʹ λοξούς [ἀμαυρούς], ⟨ἐπὶ⟩ κοιλίας μέσης λαμπρούς, ⟨ἐπὶ⟩ δεξιᾶς λαγόνος αʹ, ⟨ἐπ’ ἀριστεροῦ⟩ γόνατος βʹ, ⟨ὑπὲρ πόδας δʹ, ἐπὶ⟩ ποδὸς ἄκρου αʹ· ⟨τοὺς πάντας ιθʹ⟩.
15. Of Cepheus
This one is placed fourth in order. The arctic circle takes him in from the feet up to the chest; the rest falls in the space between the arctic and the summer tropic. He was, as Euripides says, king of the Ethiopians and father of Andromeda; his daughter he is thought to have exposed to the sea monster as food, and Perseus, the son of Zeus, saved her; and because of her he too was placed among the stars, by the decision of Athena.
It has stars: on the head 2 bright ones, on each of the shoulders 1, and ⟨on⟩ each of the hands 1, ⟨on⟩ each of the elbows 1 ⟨faint one, on⟩ the belt 3, oblique ones [faint], ⟨on⟩ the middle of the belly bright ones, ⟨on the⟩ right flank 1, ⟨on the left⟩ knee 2, ⟨above the feet 4, on⟩ the tip of the foot 1; ⟨19 in all⟩.
XVI. Κασσιεπείας
Ταύτην ἱστορεῖ Σοφοκλῆς ὁ τραγῳδίας ποιητὴς ἐν Ἀνδρομέδᾳ ἐρίσασαν περὶ κάλλους ταῖς Νηρηίσιν εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὸ σύμπτωμα, καὶ Ποσειδῶνα διαφθεῖραι τὴν χώραν κῆτος ἐπιπέμψαντα· δι’ ἣν πρόκειται τῷ κήτει ἡ θυγάτηρ. οἰκείως δὲ ἐσχημάτισται ἐγγὺς ἐπὶ δίφρου καθημένη.
Ἔχει δ’ ἀστέρας ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς λαμπρὸν αʹ, ⟨ἐφ’ ἑκατέρων τῶν ὤμων λαμπρὸν αʹ, ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ στήθους λαμπρὸν αʹ⟩, ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ἀγκῶνος ⟨αʹ, ἐπὶ τῆς δεξιᾶς χειρὸς⟩ λαμπρὸν αʹ, ἐπὶ τῆς ⟨ἀριστερᾶς⟩ χειρὸς ⟨λαμπρὸν αʹ, ἐπ’ ὀμφαλοῦ⟩ αʹ, [⟨ἐπὶ τοῦ⟩ γόνατος αʹ, ⟨ἐπὶ⟩ ποδὸς ἄκρου αʹ, ⟨ἐπὶ τοῦ⟩ στήθους αʹ ἀμαυρόν], ἐπ’ ἀριστεροῦ μηροῦ λαμπρὸν βʹ, ⟨ἐπὶ⟩ γόνατος αʹ λαμπρόν, ⟨ἐπὶ ποδὸς ἄκρου αʹ⟩, ἐπὶ τοῦ πλινθίου αʹ, ⟨ἐπὶ τῆς⟩ τοῦ δίφρου οὗ κάθηται ἑκατέρας γωνίας αʹ· ⟨τοὺς πάντας ιεʹ⟩.
16. Of Cassiepeia
Sophocles the tragic poet tells in his Andromeda that she, having contended with the Nereids over beauty, took part in the disaster, and that Poseidon ruined the country by sending a sea monster; and because of the cause [?] her daughter is exposed to the sea monster. She is shaped appropriately, seated nearby on a chair.
It has stars: on the head 1 bright one, ⟨on each of the shoulders 1 bright one, on the right breast 1 bright one⟩, on the right elbow ⟨1, on the right hand⟩ 1 bright one, on the ⟨left⟩ hand ⟨1 bright one, on the navel⟩ 1, [⟨on the⟩ knee 1, ⟨on⟩ the tip of the foot 1, ⟨on the⟩ breast 1 faint one], on the left thigh 2 bright ones, ⟨on⟩ the knee 1 bright one, ⟨on the tip of the foot 1⟩, on the little square 1, ⟨on each⟩ corner of the chair on which she sits 1; ⟨15 in all⟩.
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