Euripides · Medea Μήδεια

Euripides, Medea 1–130: Prologue: the Nurse laments Medea's plight

The Nurse wishes the ship Argo had never sailed and tells how Medea, who followed Jason from Colchis, has been betrayed now that he has married the daughter of King Creon. The children's Attendant tells her what he has heard, that Creon means to banish Medea and her sons, and the Nurse sends the boys inside. Medea's cries of grief and anger are heard from within the house, and the Nurse fears what she may do.

Lines 1–130 · 1247 words · click a number to copy its link

Nurse

1Εἴθ’ ὤφελ’ Ἀργοῦς μὴ διαπτάσθαι σκάφος Κόλχων ἐς αἶαν κυανέας Συμπληγάδας, μηδ’ ἐν νάπαισι Πηλίου πεσεῖν ποτε τμηθεῖσα πεύκη, μηδ’ ἐρετμῶσαι χέρας 5ἀνδρῶν ἀρίστων, οἳ τὸ πάγχρυσον δέρας Πελίᾳ μετῆλθον. οὐ γὰρ ἂν δέσποιν’ ἐμὴ Μήδεια πύργους γῆς ἔπλευσ’ Ἰωλκίας ἔρωτι θυμὸν ἐκπλαγεῖσ’ Ἰάσονος· οὐδ’ ἂν κτανεῖν πείσασα Πελιάδας κόρας 10πατέρα κατῴκει τήνδε γῆν Κορινθίαν ξὺν ἀνδρὶ καὶ τέκνοισιν, ἁνδάνουσα μὲν φυγῇ πολιτῶν ὧν ἀφίκετο χθόνα, αὐτή τε πάντα ξυμφέρουσ’ Ἰάσονι· ἥπερ μεγίστη γίγνεται σωτηρία, 15ὅταν γυνὴ πρὸς ἄνδρα μὴ διχοστατῇ. νῦν δ’ ἐχθρὰ πάντα, καὶ νοσεῖ τὰ φίλτατα. προδοὺς γὰρ αὑτοῦ τέκνα δεσπότιν τ’ ἐμὴν γάμοις Ἰάσων βασιλικοῖς εὐνάζεται, γήμας Κρέοντος παῖδ’, ὃς αἰσύμνᾷ χθονός· 20Μήδεια δ’ ἡ δύστηνος ἠτιμασμένη βοᾷ μὲν ὅρκους, ἀνακαλεῖ δὲ δεξιάς, πίστιν μεγίστην, καὶ θεοὺς μαρτύρεται οἵας ἀμοιβῆς ἐξ Ἰάσονος κυρεῖ. κεῖται δ’ ἄσιτος, σῶμ’ ὑφεῖσ’ ἀλγηδόσι, 25τὸν πάντα συντήκουσα δακρύοις χρόνον, ἐπεὶ πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ᾔσθετ’ ἠδικημένη, οὔτ’ ὄμμ’ ἐπαίρουσ’ οὔτ’ ἀπαλλάσσουσα γῆς πρόσωπον· ὡς δὲ πέτρος ἢ θαλάσσιος κλύδων ἀκούει νουθετουμένη φίλων· 30ἢν μή ποτε στρέψασα πάλλευκον δέρην αὐτὴ πρὸς αὑτὴν πατέρ’ ἀποιμώξῃ φίλον καὶ γαῖαν οἴκους θ’, οὓς προδοῦσ’ ἀφίκετο μετ’ ἀνδρὸς ὅς σφε νῦν ἀτιμάσας ἔχει. ἔγνωκε δ’ ἡ τάλαινα συμφορᾶς ὕπο 35οἷον πατρῴας μὴ ἀπολείπεσθαι χθονός. στυγεῖ δὲ παῖδας οὐδ’ ὁρῶσ’ εὐφραίνεται. δέδοικα δ’ αὐτὴν μή τι βουλεύσῃ νέον· βαρεῖα γὰρ φρήν, οὐδ’ ἀνέξεται κακῶς πάσχουσ’· ἐγᾦδα τήνδε, δειμαίνω τέ νιν 40μὴ θηκτὸν ὤσῃ φάσγανον δι’ ἥπατος, σιγῇ δόμους εἰσβᾶσ’, ἵν’ ἔστρωται λέχος, ἢ καὶ τύραννον τόν τε γήμαντα κτάνῃ, κἄπειτα μείζω συμφορὰν λάβῃ τινά. δεινὴ γάρ· οὔτοι ῥᾳδίως γε συμβαλὼν 45ἔχθραν τις αὐτῇ καλλίνικον οἴσεται. ἀλλ’ οἵδε παῖδες ἐκ τρόχων πεπαυμένοι στείχουσι, μητρὸς οὐδὲν ἐννοούμενοι κακῶν· νέα γὰρ φροντὶς οὐκ ἀλγεῖν φιλεῖ.

Ah! would to Heaven the good ship Argo ne’er had sped its course to the Colchian land through the misty blue Symplegades, nor ever in the glens of Pelion the pine been felled to furnish with oars the chieftain’s hands, who went to fetch the golden fleece for Pelias; for then would my own mistress Medea never have sailed to the turrets of Iolcos, her soul with love for Jason smitten, nor would she have beguiled the daughters of Pelias to slay their father and come to live here in the land of Corinth with her husband and children, where her exile found favour with the citizens to whose land she had come, and in all things of her own accord was she at one with Jason, the greatest safeguard this when wife and husband do agree; but now their love is all turned to hate, and tenderest ties are weak. For Jason hath betrayed his own children and my mistress dear for the love of a royal bride, for he hath wedded the daughter of Creon, lord of this land. While Medea his hapless wife, thus scorned, appeals to the oaths he swore, recalls the strong pledge his right hand gave, and bids heaven be witness what requital she is finding from Jason. And here she lies fasting, yielding her body to her grief, wasting away in tears ever since she learnt that she was wronged by her husband, never lifting her eye nor raising her face from off the ground; and she lends as deaf an ear to her friend’s warning as if she were a rock or ocean billow, save when she turns her snow-white neck aside and softly to herself bemoans her father dear, her country and her home, which she gave up to come hither with the man who now holds her in dishonour. She, poor lady, hath by sad experience learnt how good a thing it is never to quit one’s native land. And she hates her children now and feels no joy at seeing them; I am afeard she may contrive some untoward scheme; for her mood is dangerous nor will she brook her cruel treatment; full well I know her, and I much do dread that she will plunge the keen sword through their heart, stealing without a word into the chamber where their marriage couch is spread, or else that she will slay the prince and bridegroom too, and so find some calamity still more grievous than the present; for dreadful is her wrath; verily the man that doth incur her hate will have no easy task to raise o’er her a song of triumph. Lo! where her sons come hither from their childish sports; little they reck of their mother’s woes, for the soul of the young is no end to sorrow.

Παιδαγωγός 49παλαιὸν οἴκων κτῆμα δεσποίνης ἐμῆς, 50τί πρὸς πύλαισι τήνδ’ ἄγουσ’ ἐρημίαν ἕστηκας, αὐτὴ θρεομένη σαυτῇ κακά; πῶς σοῦ μόνη Μήδεια λείπεσθαι θέλει; Τροφός τέκνων ὀπαδὲ πρέσβυ τῶν Ἰάσονος, χρηστοῖσι δούλοις ξυμφορὰ τὰ δεσποτῶν 55κακῶς πίτνοντα, καὶ φρενῶν ἀνθάπτεται. ἐγὼ γὰρ ἐς τοῦτ’ ἐκβέβηκ’ ἀλγηδόνος, ὥσθ’ ἵμερός μ’ ὑπῆλθε γῇ τε κοὐρανῷ λέξαι μολούσῃ δεῦρο δεσποίνης τύχας. Παιδαγωγός οὔπω γὰρ ἡ τάλαινα παύεται γόων; Τροφός 60ζηλῶ σ’· ἐν ἀρχῇ πῆμα κοὐδέπω μεσοῖ. Παιδαγωγός ὦ μῶρος—εἰ χρὴ δεσπότας εἰπεῖν τόδε· ὡς οὐδὲν οἶδε τῶν νεωτέρων κακῶν. Τροφός τί δ’ ἔστιν, ὦ γεραιέ; μὴ φθόνει φράσαι. Παιδαγωγός οὐδέν· μετέγνων καὶ τὰ πρόσθ’ εἰρημένα. Τροφός 65μή, πρὸς γενείου, κρύπτε σύνδουλον σέθεν· σιγὴν γάρ, εἰ χρή, τῶνδε θήσομαι πέρι. Παιδαγωγός ἤκουσά του λέγοντος, οὐ δοκῶν κλύειν, πεσσοὺς προσελθών, ἔνθα δὴ παλαίτατοι θάσσουσι, σεμνὸν ἀμφὶ Πειρήνης ὕδωρ, 70ὡς τούσδε παῖδας γῆς ἐλᾶν Κορινθίας σὺν μητρὶ μέλλοι τῆσδε κοίρανος χθονὸς Κρέων. ὁ μέντοι μῦθος εἰ σαφὴς ὅδε οὐκ οἶδα· βουλοίμην δ’ ἂν οὐκ εἶναι τόδε. Τροφός καὶ ταῦτ’ Ἰάσων παῖδας ἐξανέξεται 75πάσχοντας, εἰ καὶ μητρὶ διαφορὰν ἔχει; Παιδαγωγός παλαιὰ καινῶν λείπεται κηδευμάτων, κοὐκ ἔστ’ ἐκεῖνος τοῖσδε δώμασιν φίλος. Τροφός ἀπωλόμεσθ’ ἄρ’, εἰ κακὸν προσοίσομεν νέον παλαιῷ, πρὶν τόδ’ ἐξηντληκέναι. Παιδαγωγός 80ἀτὰρ σύ γ’—οὐ γὰρ καιρὸς εἰδέναι τόδε δέσποιναν—ἡσύχαζε καὶ σίγα λόγον. Τροφός ὦ τέκν’, ἀκούεθ’ οἷος εἰς ὑμᾶς πατήρ; ὄλοιτο μὲν μή· δεσπότης γάρ ἐστ’ ἐμός· ἀτὰρ κακός γ’ ὢν ἐς φίλους ἁλίσκεται. Παιδαγωγός 85τίς δ’ οὐχὶ θνητῶν; ἄρτι γιγνώσκεις τόδε, ὡς πᾶς τις αὑτὸν τοῦ πέλας μᾶλλον φιλεῖ, οἳ μὲν δικαίως, οἳ δὲ καὶ κέρδους χάριν, εἰ τούσδε γ’ εὐνῆς οὕνεκ’ οὐ στέργει πατήρ. Τροφός ἴτ’—εὖ γὰρ ἔσται—δωμάτων ἔσω, τέκνα. 90σὺ δ’ ὡς μάλιστα τούσδ’ ἐρημώσας ἔχε καὶ μὴ πέλαζε μητρὶ δυσθυμουμένῃ. ἤδη γὰρ εἶδον ὄμμα νιν ταυρουμένην τοῖσδ’, ὥς τι δρασείουσαν· οὐδὲ παύσεται χόλου, σάφ’ οἶδα, πρὶν κατασκῆψαί τινα . . . 95ἐχθρούς γε μέντοι, μὴ φίλους, δράσειέ τι.

Attendant Why dost thou, so long my lady’s own handmaid, stand here at the gate alone, loudly lamenting to thyself the piteous tale? how comes it that Medea will have thee leave her to herself?

Nurse Old man, attendant on the sons of Jason, our masters’ fortunes when they go awry make good slaves grieve and touch their hearts. Oh! I have come to such a pitch of grief that there stole a yearning wish upon me to come forth hither and proclaim to heaven and earth my mistress’s hard fate.

Attendant What! has not the poor lady ceased yet from her lamentation?

Nurse Would I were as thou art! the mischief is but now beginning; it has not reached its climax yet.

Attendant O foolish one, if I may call my mistress such a name; how little she recks of evils yet more recent!

Nurse What mean’st, old man? grudge not to tell me.

Attendant ’Tis naught; I do repent me even of the words I have spoken.

Nurse Nay, by thy beard I conjure thee, hide it not from thy fellow-slave; I will be silent, if need be, on that text.

Attendant I heard one say, pretending not to listen as I approached the place where our greybeards sit playing draughts near Pirene’s sacred spring, that Creon, the ruler of this land, is bent on driving these children and their mother from the boundaries of Corinth; but I know not whether the news is to be relied upon, and would fain it were not.

Nurse What! will Jason brook such treatment of his sons, even though he be at variance with their mother?

Attendant Old ties give way to new; he bears no longer any love to this family.

Nurse Undone, it seems, are we, if to old woes fresh ones we add, ere we have drained the former to the dregs.

Attendant Hold thou thy peace, say not a word of this; ’tis no time for our mistress to learn hereof.

Nurse O children, do ye hear how your father feels towards you? Perdition catch him, but no! he is my master still; yet is he proved a very traitor to his nearest and dearest.

Attendant And who ’mongst men is not? Art learning only now, that every single man cares for himself more than for his neighbour, some from honest, motives, others for mere gain’s sake? seeing that to indulge his passion their father has ceased to love these children.

Nurse Go, children, within the house; all will be well. Do thou keep them as far away as may be, and bring them not near their mother in her evil hour. For ere this have I seen her eyeing them savagely, as though she were minded to do them some hurt, and well I know she will not cease from her fury till she have pounced on some victim. At least may she turn her hand against her foes, and not against her friends.

Μήδεια 96ἰώ, δύστανος ἐγὼ μελέα τε πόνων, ἰώ μοί μοι, πῶς ἂν ὀλοίμαν; Τροφός τόδ’ ἐκεῖνο, φίλοι παῖδες· μήτηρ κινεῖ κραδίαν, κινεῖ δὲ χόλον. 100σπεύσατε θᾶσσον δώματος εἴσω καὶ μὴ πελάσητ’ ὄμματος ἐγγύς, μηδὲ προσέλθητ’, ἀλλὰ φυλάσσεσθ’ ἄγριον ἦθος στυγεράν τε φύσιν φρενὸς αὐθάδους.— 105ἴτε νῦν, χωρεῖθ’ ὡς τάχος εἴσω.— δῆλον δ’ ἀρχῆς ἐξαιρόμενον νέφος οἰμωγῆς ὡς τάχ’ ἀνάψει μείζονι θυμῷ· τί ποτ’ ἐργάσεται μεγαλόσπλαγχνος δυσκατάπαυστος 110ψυχὴ δηχθεῖσα κακοῖσιν; Μήδεια αἰαῖ, ἔπαθον τλάμων ἔπαθον μεγάλων ἄξι’ ὀδυρμῶν· ὦ κατάρατοι παῖδες ὄλοισθε στυγερᾶς ματρὸς σὺν πατρί, καὶ πᾶς δόμος ἔρροι. Τροφός 115ἰώ μοί μοι, ἰὼ τλήμων. τί δέ σοι παῖδες πατρὸς ἀμπλακίας μετέχουσι; τί τούσδ’ ἔχθεις; οἴμοι, τέκνα, μή τι πάθηθ’ ὡς ὑπεραλγῶ. δεινὰ τυράννων λήματα καί πως 120ὀλίγ’ ἀρχόμενοι, πολλὰ κρατοῦντες χαλεπῶς ὀργὰς μεταβάλλουσιν. τὸ γὰρ εἰθίσθαι ζῆν ἐπ’ ἴσοισιν κρεῖσσον· ἐμοὶ γοῦν ἐν μὴ μεγάλοις ὀχυρῶς γ’ εἴη καταγηράσκειν. 125τῶν γὰρ μετρίων πρῶτα μὲν εἰπεῖν τοὔνομα νικᾷ, χρῆσθαί τε μακρῷ λῷστα βροτοῖσιν· τὰ δ’ ὑπερβάλλοντ’ οὐδένα καιρὸν δύναται θνητοῖς· μείζους δ’ ἄτας, ὅταν ὀργισθῇ 130δαίμων οἴκοις, ἀπέδωκεν.

Medea Ah, me! a wretched suffering woman I! O would that I could die!

Nurse ’Tis as I said, my dear children; wild fancies stir your mother’s heart, wild fury goads her on. Into the house without delay, come not near her eye, approach her not, beware her savage mood, the fell tempest of her reckless heart. In, in with what speed ye may. For ’tis plain she will soon redouble her fury; that cry is but the herald of the gathering storm-cloud whose lightning soon will flash; what will her proud restless soul, in the anguish of despair, be guilty of?

Medea Ah, me! the agony I have suffered, deep enough to call for these laments! Curse you and your father too, ye children damned, sons of a doomed mother! Ruin seize the whole family!

Nurse Ah me! ah me! the pity of it! Why, pray, do thy children share their father’s crime? Why hatest thou them? Woe is you, poor children, how do I grieve for you lest ye suffer some outrage! Strange are the tempers of princes, and maybe because they seldom have to obey, and mostly lord it over others, change they their moods with difficulty. ’Tis better then to have been trained to live on equal terms. Be it mine to reach old age, not in proud pomp, but in security! Moderation wins the day first as a better word for men to use, and likewise it is far the best course for them to pursue; but greatness that doth o’erreach itself, brings no blessing to mortal men; but pays a penalty of greater ruin whenever fortune is wroth with a family.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (the Perseus header records the 1906 printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.