Aeschylus · Agamemnon Ἀγαμέμνων

Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1256–1330: Fourth episode (cont.): Cassandra goes in to die

Cassandra sees the lioness who will slay her, throws down her prophetic staff and garlands, and foretells that an avenger will come to repay her death and that of Agamemnon. She goes to the palace door, which she calls the gates of Death, and the Chorus pity her. Before she goes in she says that the house smells of blood and prays that her enemies will pay for killing a slave.

Lines 1256–1330 · 712 words · click a number to copy its link

Cassandra

1256παπαῖ, οἷον τὸ πῦρ· ἐπέρχεται δέ μοι. ὀτοτοῖ, Λύκειʼ Ἄπολλον, οἲ ἐγὼ ἐγώ. αὕτη δίπους λέαινα συγκοιμωμένη λύκῳ, λέοντος εὐγενοῦς ἀπουσίᾳ, 1260κτενεῖ με τὴν τάλαιναν· ὡς δὲ φάρμακον τεύχουσα κἀμοῦ μισθὸν ἐνθήσειν κότῳ ἐπεύχεται, θήγουσα φωτὶ φάσγανον ἐμῆς ἀγωγῆς ἀντιτείσασθαι φόνον. τί δῆτʼ ἐμαυτῆς καταγέλωτʼ ἔχω τάδε, 1265καὶ σκῆπτρα καὶ μαντεῖα περὶ δέρῃ στέφη; σὲ μὲν πρὸ μοίρας τῆς ἐμῆς διαφθερῶ. ἴτʼ ἐς φθόρον· πεσόντα γʼ ὧδʼ ἀμείβομαι. ἄλλην τινʼ ἄτης ἀντʼ ἐμοῦ πλουτίζετε. ἰδοὺ δʼ Ἀπόλλων αὐτὸς ἐκδύων ἐμὲ 1270χρηστηρίαν ἐσθῆτʼ, ἐποπτεύσας δέ με κἀν τοῖσδε κόσμοις καταγελωμένην μέγα φίλων ὑπʼ ἐχθρῶν οὐ διχορρόπως, μάτην— καλουμένη δὲ φοιτὰς ὡς ἀγύρτρια πτωχὸς τάλαινα λιμοθνὴς ἠνεσχόμην— 1275καὶ νῦν ὁ μάντις μάντιν ἐκπράξας ἐμὲ ἀπήγαγʼ ἐς τοιάσδε θανασίμους τύχας. βωμοῦ πατρῴου δʼ ἀντʼ ἐπίξηνον μένει, θερμῷ κοπείσης φοινίῳ προσφάγματι. οὐ μὴν ἄτιμοί γʼ ἐκ θεῶν τεθνήξομεν. 1280ἥξει γὰρ ἡμῶν ἄλλος αὖ τιμάορος, μητροκτόνον φίτυμα, ποινάτωρ πατρός· φυγὰς δʼ ἀλήτης τῆσδε γῆς ἀπόξενος κάτεισιν, ἄτας τάσδε θριγκώσων φίλοις· ὀμώμοται γὰρ ὅρκος ἐκ θεῶν μέγας, 1285ἄξειν νιν ὑπτίασμα κειμένου πατρός. τί δῆτʼ ἐγὼ κάτοικτος ὧδʼ ἀναστένω; ἐπεὶ τὸ πρῶτον εἶδον Ἰλίου πόλιν πράξασαν ὡς ἔπραξεν, οἳ δʼ εἷλον πόλιν οὕτως ἀπαλλάσσουσιν ἐν θεῶν κρίσει, 1290ἰοῦσα πράξω· τλήσομαι τὸ κατθανεῖν. Ἅιδου πύλας δὲ τάσδʼ ἐγὼ προσεννέπω· ἐπεύχομαι δὲ καιρίας πληγῆς τυχεῖν, ὡς ἀσφάδαστος, αἱμάτων εὐθνησίμων ἀπορρυέντων, ὄμμα συμβάλω τόδε.

Oh, oh! What fire! It comes upon me! Woe, woe! Lycean Apollo! Ah me, ah me! This two-footed lioness, who mates with a wolf in the absence of the noble lion, will slay me, miserable as I am. Brewing as it were a drug, she vows that with her wrath she will mix requital for me too, while she whets her sword against her husband, to take murderous vengeance for bringing me here. Why then do I bear these mockeries of myself, this wand, these prophetic chaplets on my neck? You at least I will destroy before I die myself. To destruction with you! And fallen there, thus do I repay you. Enrich with doom some other in my place. Look, Apollo himself is stripping me of my prophetic garb—he that saw me mocked to bitter scorn, even in this bravery, by friends turned foes, with one accord, in vain—but, like some vagrant mountebank, called beggar, wretch, starveling, I bore it all. And now the prophet, having undone me, his prophetess, has brought me to this lethal pass. Instead of my father’s altar a block awaits me, where I am to be butchered in a hot and bloody sacrifice. Yet, we shall not die unavenged by the gods; for there shall come in turn another, our avenger, a scion of the race, to slay his mother and exact requital for his sire; an exile, a wanderer, a stranger from this land, he shall return to put the coping-stone upon these unspeakable iniquities of his house. For the gods have sworn a mighty oath that his slain father’s outstretched corpse shall bring him home. Why then thus raise my voice in pitiful lament? Since first I saw the city of Ilium fare what it has fared, while her captors, by the gods’ sentence, are coming to such an end, I will go in and meet my fate. I will dare to die. This door I greet as the gates of Death. And I pray that, dealt a mortal stroke, without a struggle, my life-blood ebbing away in easy death, I may close these eyes.

Χορός 1295ὦ πολλὰ μὲν τάλαινα, πολλὰ δʼ αὖ σοφὴ γύναι, μακρὰν ἔτεινας. εἰ δʼ ἐτητύμως μόρον τὸν αὑτῆς οἶσθα, πῶς θεηλάτου βοὸς δίκην πρὸς βωμὸν εὐτόλμως πατεῖς; Κασάνδρα οὐκ ἔστʼ ἄλυξις, οὔ, ξένοι, χρόνον πλέω. Χορός 1300ὁ δʼ ὕστατός γε τοῦ χρόνου πρεσβεύεται, Κασάνδρα ἥκει τόδʼ ἦμαρ· σμικρὰ κερδανῶ φυγῇ. Χορός ἀλλʼ ἴσθι τλήμων οὖσʼ ἀπʼ εὐτόλμου φρενός. Κασάνδρα οὐδεὶς ἀκούει ταῦτα τῶν εὐδαιμόνων. Χορός ἀλλʼ εὐκλεῶς τοι κατθανεῖν χάρις βροτῷ. Κασάνδρα 1305ἰὼ πάτερ σοῦ σῶν τε γενναίων τέκνων. Χορός τί δʼ ἐστὶ χρῆμα; τίς σʼ ἀποστρέφει φόβος; Κασάνδρα φεῦ φεῦ. Χορός τί τοῦτʼ ἔφευξας; εἴ τι μὴ φρενῶν στύγος. Κασάνδρα φόνον δόμοι πνέουσιν αἱματοσταγῆ, Χορός 1310καί πῶς;τόδʼ ὄζει θυμάτων ἐφεστίων. Κασάνδρα ὅμοιος ἀτμὸς ὥσπερ ἐκ τάφου πρέπει, Χορός οὐ Σύριον ἀγλάισμα δώμασιν λέγεις. Κασάνδρα ἀλλʼ εἶμι κἀν δόμοισι κωκύσουσʼ ἐμὴν Ἀγαμέμνονός τε μοῖραν. ἀρκείτω βίος. 1315ἰὼ ξένοι, οὔτοι δυσοίζω θάμνον ὡς ὄρνις φόβῳ ἄλλως· θανούσῃ μαρτυρεῖτέ μοι τόδε, ὅταν γυνὴ γυναικὸς ἀντʼ ἐμοῦ θάνῃ, ἀνήρ τε δυσδάμαρτος ἀντʼ ἀνδρὸς πέσῃ. 1320ἐπιξενοῦμαι ταῦτα δʼ ὡς θανουμένη. Χορός ὦ τλῆμον, οἰκτίρω σε θεσφάτου μόρου. Κασάνδρα ἅπαξ ἔτʼ εἰπεῖν ῥῆσιν οὐ θρῆνον θέλω ἐμὸν τὸν αὐτῆς. ἡλίῳ δʼ ἐπεύχομαι πρὸς ὕστατον φῶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς τιμαόροις 1325ἐχθροῖς φονεῦσι τοῖς ἐμοῖς τίνειν ὁμοῦ, δούλης θανούσης, εὐμαροῦς χειρώματος. ἰὼ βρότεια πράγματʼ· εὐτυχοῦντα μὲν σκιά τις ἂν τρέψειεν· εἰ δὲ δυστυχῇ, βολαῖς ὑγρώσσων σπόγγος ὤλεσεν γραφήν. 1330καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐκείνων μᾶλλον οἰκτίρω πολύ.

Chorus O woman, pitiful exceedingly and exceeding wise, long has been your speech. But if, in truth, you have knowledge of your own death, how can you step with calm courage to the altar like an ox, driven by the god?

Cassandra There is no escape; no, my friends, there is none any more.

Chorus Yet he that is last has the advantage in respect of time.

Cassandra The day has come; flight would profit me but little.

Chorus Well, be assured, you brave suffering with a courageous spirit.

Cassandra None who is happy is commended thus.

Chorus Yet surely to die nobly is a blessing for mortals.

Cassandra Alas for you, my father and for your noble children!

Chorus What ails you? What terror turns you back?

Cassandra Alas, alas!

Chorus Why do you cry alas? Unless perhaps there is some horror in your soul.

Cassandra This house stinks of blood-dripping slaughter.

Chorus And what of that? It is just the savor of victims at the hearth.

Cassandra It is like a breath from a charnel-house.

Chorus You are not speaking of proud Syrian incense for the house.

Cassandra Nay, I will go to bewail also within the palace my own and Agamemnon’s fate. Enough of life! Alas, my friends, not with vain terror do I shrink, as a bird that fears a bush. After I am dead, bear witness for me of this—when for me, a woman, another woman shall be slain, and for an ill-wedded man another man shall fall. I claim this favor from you now that my hour is come.

Chorus Poor woman, I pity you for your death foretold.

Cassandra Yet once more I would like to speak, but not a dirge. I pray to the sun, in presence of his latest light, that my enemies may at the same time pay to my avengers a bloody penalty for slaughtering a slave, an easy prey. Alas for human fortune! When prosperous, a mere shadow can overturn it; if misfortune strikes, the dash of a wet sponge blots out the drawing. And this last I deem far more pitiable than that.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth (modernised by Perseus) (1926). Original text: Greek text: Herbert Weir Smyth (ed. and trans.), Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1926, as digitised by Perseus. English: Herbert Weir Smyth, Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1926 (Perseus's modernised version of Smyth's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.