Virgil · Aeneid Aeneis

Virgil, Aeneid 2.318–452: The last stand of the Trojans

Aeneas meets Panthus, who tells him Troy has fallen and the Greeks pour from the horse. Aeneas gathers a small band, including Coroebus, and they fight through the dark streets, kill Androgeos, and put on Greek armor. Cassandra is dragged from the shrine of Athena (Minerva), and the Trojans' own men, mistaking them for Greeks, attack from above, so Coroebus and others die. Aeneas is drawn toward Priam's palace, where a fierce battle rages.

Lines 2.318–452 · 1350 words · click a number to copy its link
318Ecce autem telis Panthus elapsus Achivom, Panthus Othryades, arcis Phoebique sacerdos, 320sacra manu victosque deos parvumque nepotem ipse trahit, cursuque amens ad limina tendit. Quo res summa, loco, Panthu? Quam prendimus arcem? Vix ea fatus eram, gemitu cum talia reddit: Venit summa dies et ineluctabile tempus 325Dardaniae: fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens gloria Teucrorum; ferus omnia Iuppiter Argos transtulit; incensa Danai dominantur in urbe. Arduus armatos mediis in moenibus adstans fundit equus, victorque Sinon incendia miscet 330insultans; portis alii bipatentibus adsunt, milia quot magnis umquam venere Mycenis; obsedere alii telis angusta viarum oppositi; stat ferri acies mucrone corusco stricta, parata neci; vix primi proelia temptant 335portarum vigiles, et caeco Marte resistunt. Talibus Othryadae dictis et numine divom in flammas et in arma feror, quo tristis Erinys, quo fremitus vocat et sublatus ad aethera clamor.

When Panthus met me, who had scarce escaped
the Grecian spears,—Panthus of Othrys' line,
Apollo's priest within our citadel;
his holy emblems, his defeated gods,
and his small grandson in his arms he bore,
while toward the gates with wild, swift steps he flew.
“How fares the kingdom, Panthus? What strong place
is still our own?” But scarcely could I ask
when thus, with many a groan, he made reply:—
“Dardania's death and doom are come to-day,
implacable. There is no Ilium now;
our Trojan name is gone, the Teucrian throne
Quite fallen. For the wrathful power of Jove
has given to Argos all our boast and pride.
The Greek is lord of all yon blazing towers.
Yon horse uplifted on our city's heart
disgorges men-at-arms. False Sinon now,
with scorn exultant, heaps up flame on flame.
Others throw wide the gates. The whole vast horde
that out of proud Mycenae hither sailed
is at us. With confronting spears they throng
each narrow passage. Every steel-bright blade
is flashing naked, making haste for blood.
Our sentries helpless meet the invading shock
and give back blind and unavailing war.”

339Addunt se socios Rhipeus et maximus armis 340Epytus oblati per lunam Hypanisque Dymasque, et lateri adglomerant nostro, iuvenisque Coroebus, Mygdonides: illis ad Troiam forte diebus venerat, insano Cassandrae incensus amore, et gener auxilium Priamo Phrygibusque ferebat, 345infelix, qui non sponsae praecepta furentis audierit. Quos ubi confertos audere in proelia vidi, incipio super his: Iuvenes, fortissima frustra pectora, si vobis audentem extrema cupido 350certa sequi, quae sit rebus fortuna videtis: excessere omnes, adytis arisque relictis, di, quibus imperium hoc steterat; succurritis urbi incensae; moriamur et in media arma ruamus. Una salus victis, nullam sperare salutem. 355Sic animis iuvenum furor additus: inde, lupi ceu raptores atra in nebula, quos improba ventris exegit caecos rabies, catulique relicti faucibus exspectant siccis, per tela, per hostis vadimus haud dubiam in mortem, mediaeque tenemus 360urbis iter; nox atra cava circumvolat umbra.

By Panthus' word and by some god impelled,
I flew to battle, where the flames leaped high,
where grim Bellona called, and all the air
resounded high as heaven with shouts of war.
Rhipeus and Epytus of doughty arm
were at my side, Dymas and Hypanis,
seen by a pale moon, join our little band;
and young Coroebus, Mygdon's princely son,
who was in Troy that hour because he loved
Cassandra madly, and had made a league
as Priam's kinsman with our Phrygian arms:
ill-starred, to heed not what the virgin raved!
When these I saw close-gathered for the fight,
I thus addressed them: “Warriors, vainly brave,
if ye indeed desire to follow one
who dares the uttermost brave men may do,
our evil plight ye see: the gods are fled
from every altar and protecting fire,
which were the kingdom's stay. Ye offer aid
unto your country's ashes. Let us fight
unto the death! To arms, my men, to arms!
The single hope and stay of desperate men
is their despair.” Thus did I rouse their souls.
Then like the ravening wolves, some night of cloud,
when cruel hunger in an empty maw
drives them forth furious, and their whelps behind
wait famine-throated; so through foemen's steel
we flew to surest death, and kept our way
straight through the midmost town . The wings of night
brooded above us in vast vault of shade.

361Quis cladem illius noctis, quis funera fando explicet, aut possit lacrimis aequare labores? Urbs antiqua ruit, multos dominata per annos; plurima perque vias sternuntur inertia passim 365corpora, perque domos et religiosa deorum limina. Nec soli poenas dant sanguine Teucri; quondam etiam victis redit in praecordia virtus victoresque cadunt Danai: crudelis ubique luctus, ubique pavor, et plurima mortis imago. 370Primus se, Danaum magna comitante caterva, Androgeos offert nobis, socia agmina credens inscius, atque ultro verbis compellat amicis: Festinate, viri: nam quae tam sera moratur segnities? Alii rapiunt incensa feruntque 375Pergama; vos celsis nunc primum a navibus itis. Dixit, et extemplo, neque enim responsa dabantur fida satis, sensit medios delapsus in hostis. Obstipuit, retroque pedem cum voce repressit: inprovisum aspris veluti qui sentibus anguem 380pressit humi nitens, trepidusque repente refugit attollentem iras et caerula colla tumentem;

But who the bloodshed of that night can tell?
What tongue its deaths shall number, or what eyes
find meed of tears to equal all its woe?
The ancient City fell, whose throne had stood
age after age. Along her streets were strewn
the unresisting dead; at household shrines
and by the temples of the gods they lay.
Yet not alone was Teucrian blood required:
oft out of vanquished hearts fresh valor flamed,
and the Greek victor fell. Anguish and woe
were everywhere; pale terrors ranged abroad,
and multitudinous death met every eye.
Androgeos, followed by a thronging band
of Greeks, first met us on our desperate way;
but heedless, and confounding friend with foe,
thus, all unchallenged, hailed us as his own :
“Haste, heroes! Are ye laggards at this hour?
Others bear off the captives and the spoil
of burning Troy. Just from the galleys ye?”
He spoke; but straightway, when no safe reply
returned, he knew himself entrapped, and fallen
into a foeman's snare; struck dumb was he
and stopped both word and motion; as one steps,
when blindly treading a thick path of thorns,
upon a snake, and sick with fear would flee
that lifted wrath and swollen gorge of green:
so trembling did Androgeos backward fall.

382haud secus Androgeos visu tremefactus abibat. Inruimus, densis et circumfundimur armis, ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos 385sternimus: adspirat primo fortuna labori. Atque hic successu exsultans animisque Coroebus, O socii, qua prima inquit fortuna salutis monstrat iter, quoque ostendit se dextra, sequamur mutemus clipeos, Danaumque insignia nobis 390aptemus: dolus an virtus, quis in hoste requirat? Arma dabunt ipsi. Sic fatus, deinde comantem Androgei galeam clipeique insigne decorum induitur, laterique Argivum accommodat ensem. Hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque iuventus 395laeta facit; spoliis se quisque recentibus armat. Vadimus immixti Danais haud numine nostro, multaque per caecam congressi proelia noctem conserimus, multos Danaum demittimus Orco. Diffugiunt alii ad navis, et litora cursu 400fida petunt: pars ingentem formidine turpi scandunt rursus equum et nota conduntur in alvo.

At them we flew and closed them round with war;
and since they could not know the ground, and fear
had whelmed them quite, we swiftly laid them low.
Thus Fortune on our first achievement smiled;
and, flushed with victory, Cormbus cried:
“Come, friends, and follow Fortune's finger, where
she beckons us what path deliverance lies.
Change we our shields, and these Greek emblems wear.
'Twixt guile and valor who will nicely weigh
When foes are met? These dead shall find us arms.”
With this, he dons Androgeos' crested helm
and beauteous, blazoned shield; and to his side
girds on a Grecian blade. Young Rhipeus next,
with Dymas and the other soldiery,
repeat the deed, exulting, and array
their valor in fresh trophies from the slain.
Now intermingled with our foes we moved,
and alien emblems wore; the long, black night
brought many a grapple, and a host of Greeks
down to the dark we hurled. Some fled away,
seeking their safe ships and the friendly shore.
Some cowards foul went clambering back again
to that vast horse and hid them in its maw.

402Heu nihil invitis fas quemquam fidere divis! Ecce trahebatur passis Priameïa virgo crinibus a templo Cassandra adytisque Minervae, 405ad caelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra,— lumina, nam teneras arcebant vincula palmas. Non tulit hanc speciem furiata mente Coroebus, et sese medium iniecit periturus in agmen. Consequimur cuncti et densis incurrimus armis. 410Hic primum ex alto delubri culmine telis nostrorum obruimur, oriturque miserrima caedes armorum facie et Graiarum errore iubarum. Tum Danai gemitu atque ereptae virginis ira undique collecti invadunt, acerrimus Aiax, 415et gemini Atridae, Dolopumque exercitus omnis; adversi rupto ceu quondam turbine venti confligunt, Zephyrusque Notusque et laetus Eois Eurus equis; stridunt silvae, saevitque tridenti spumeus atque imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo.

But woe is me! If gods their help withhold,
't is impious to be brave. That very hour
the fair Cassandra passed us, bound in chains,
King Priam's virgin daughter, from the shrine
and altars of Minerva; her loose hair
had lost its fillet; her impassioned eyes
were lifted in vain prayer,—her eyes alone!
For chains of steel her frail, soft hands confined.
Coroebus' eyes this horror not endured,
and, sorrow-crazed, he plunged him headlong in
the midmost fray, self-offered to be slain,
while in close mass our troop behind him poured.
But, at this point, the overwhelming spears
of our own kinsmen rained resistless down
from a high temple-tower; and carnage wild
ensued, because of the Greek arms we bore
and our false crests. The howling Grecian band,
crazed by Cassandra's rescue, charged at us
from every side; Ajax of savage soul,
the sons of Atreus, and that whole wild horde
Achilles from Dolopian deserts drew.
'T was like the bursting storm, when gales contend,
west wind and South, and jocund wind of morn
upon his orient steeds—while forests roar,
and foam-flecked Nereus with fierce trident stirs
the dark deep of the sea.

420Illi etiam, si quos obscura nocte per umbram fudimus insidiis totaque agitavimus urbe, apparent; primi clipeos mentitaque tela adgnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant. Ilicet obruimur numero; primusque Coroebus 425Penelei dextra divae armipotentis ad aram procumbit; cadit et Rhipeus, iustissimus unus qui fuit in Teucris et servantissimus aequi: dis aliter visum; pereunt Hypanisque Dymasque confixi a sociis; nec te tua plurima, Panthu, 430labentem pietas nec Apollinis infula texit. Iliaci cineres et flamma extrema meorum, testor, in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas vitavisse vices Danaum, et, si fata fuissent ut caderem, meruisse manu. Divellimur inde, 435Iphitus et Pelias mecum, quorum Iphitus aevo iam gravior, Pelias et volnere tardus Ulixi; protinus ad sedes Priami clamore vocati. Hic vero ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam bella forent, nulli tota morerentur in urbe. 440Sic Martem indomitum, Danaosque ad tecta ruentis cernimus, obsessumque acta testudine limen. Haerent parietibus scalae, postisque sub ipsos nituntur gradibus, clipeosque ad tela sinistris protecti obiciunt, prensant fastigia dextris. 445Dardanidae contra turris ac tota domorum culmina convellunt; his se, quando ultima cernunt, extrema iam in morte parant defendere telis; auratasque trabes, veterum decora alta parentum, devolvunt; alii strictis mucronibus imas 450obsedere fores; has servant agmine denso. Instaurati animi, regis succurrere tectis, auxilioque levare viros, vimque addere victis.

All who did hide
in shadows of the night, by our assault
surprised, and driven in tumultuous flight,
now start to view. Full well they now can see
our shields and borrowed arms, and clearly note
our speech of alien sound; their multitude
o'erwhelms us utterly. Coroebus first
at mailed Minerva's altar prostrate lay,
pierced by Peneleus, blade; then Rhipeus fell;
we deemed him of all Trojans the most just,
most scrupulously righteous; but the gods
gave judgment otherwise. There Dymas died,
and Hypanis, by their compatriots slain;
nor thee, O Panthus, in that mortal hour,
could thy clean hands or Phoebus, priesthood save.
O ashes of my country! funeral pyre
of all my kin! bear witness that my breast
shrank not from any sword the Grecian drew,
and that my deeds the night my country died
deserved a warrior's death, had Fate ordained.
But soon our ranks were broken; at my side
stayed Iphitus and Pelias; one with age
was Iong since wearied, and the other bore
the burden of Ulysses' crippling wound.
Straightway the roar and tumult summoned us
to Priam's palace, where a battle raged
as if save this no conflict else were known,
and all Troy's dying brave were mustered there.
There we beheld the war-god unconfined;
The Greek besiegers to the roof-tops fled;
or, with shields tortoise-back, the gates assailed.
Ladders were on the walls; and round by round,
up the huge bulwark as they fight their way,
the shielded left-hand thwarts the falling spears,
the right to every vantage closely clings.
The Trojans hurl whole towers and roof-tops down
upon the mounting foe; for well they see
that the last hour is come, and with what arms
the dying must resist. Rich gilded beams,
with many a beauteous blazon of old time,
go crashing down. Men armed with naked swords
defend the inner doors in close array.
Thus were our hearts inflamed to stand and strike
for the king's house, and to his body-guard
bring succor, and renew their vanquished powers.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Theodore C. Williams (1910). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Theodore C. Williams, The Aeneid of Virgil, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.