Aeschylus · Agamemnon Ἀγαμέμνων

Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1035–1177: Fourth episode: Clytaemestra and Cassandra's first cries

Clytaemestra comes out and tells Cassandra to come inside, but Cassandra does not answer, and the Chorus tell her to obey. Clytaemestra gives up, and then Cassandra cries out to Apollo and begins to speak of the house of Atreus, its butchery and the murdered children, and of a bath and a net, while the Chorus do not understand her. She ends by lamenting the fall of Troy.

Lines 1035–1177 · 1279 words · click a number to copy its link
Κλυταιμήστρα 1035εἴσω κομίζου καὶ σύ, Κασάνδραν λέγω, ἐπεί σʼ ἔθηκε Ζεὺς ἀμηνίτως δόμοις κοινωνὸν εἶναι χερνίβων, πολλῶν μέτα δούλων σταθεῖσαν κτησίου βωμοῦ πέλας· ἔκβαινʼ ἀπήνης τῆσδε, μηδʼ ὑπερφρόνει. 1040καὶ παῖδα γάρ τοί φασιν Ἀλκμήνης ποτὲ πραθέντα τλῆναι δουλίας μάζης τυχεῖν. εἰ δʼ οὖν ἀνάγκη τῆσδʼ ἐπιρρέποι τύχης, ἀρχαιοπλούτων δεσποτῶν πολλὴ χάρις. οἳ δʼ οὔποτʼ ἐλπίσαντες ἤμησαν καλῶς, 1045ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ παρὰ στάθμην. ἔχεις παρʼ ἡμῶν οἷά περ νομίζεται. Χορός σοί τοι λέγουσα παύεται σαφῆ λόγον. ἐντός δʼ ἂν οὖσα μορσίμων ἀγρευμάτων πείθοιʼ ἄν, εἰ πείθοιʼ· ἀπειθοίης δʼ ἴσως. Κλυταιμήστρα 1050ἀλλʼ εἴπερ ἐστι μὴ χελιδόνος δίκην ἀγνῶτα φωνὴν βάρβαρον κεκτημένη, ἔσω φρενῶν λέγουσα πείθω νιν λόγῳ. Χορός ἕπου. τὰ λῷστα τῶν παρεστώτων λέγει. πιθοῦ λιποῦσα τόνδʼ ἁμαξήρη θρόνον. Κλυταιμήστρα 1055οὔτοι θυραίᾳ τῇδʼ ἐμοὶ σχολὴ πάρα τρίβειν· τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἑστίας μεσομφάλου ἕστηκεν ἤδη μῆλα πρὸς σφαγὰς πάρος, ὡς οὔποτʼ ἐλπίσασι τήνδʼ ἕξειν χάριν. σὺ δʼ εἴ τι δράσεις τῶνδε, μὴ σχολὴν τίθει. 1060εἰ δʼ ἀξυνήμων οὖσα μὴ δέχῃ λόγον, σὺ δʼ ἀντὶ φωνῆς φράζε καρβάνῳ χερί. Χορός ἑρμηνέως ἔοικεν ἡ ξένη τοροῦ δεῖσθαι· τρόπος δὲ θηρὸς ὡς νεαιρέτου. Κλυταιμήστρα ἦ μαίνεταί γε καὶ κακῶν κλύει φρενῶν, 1065ἥτις λιποῦσα μὲν πόλιν νεαίρετον ἥκει, χαλινὸν δʼ οὐκ ἐπίσταται φέρειν, πρὶν αἱματηρὸν ἐξαφρίζεσθαι μένος. οὐ μὴν πλέω ῥίψασʼ ἀτιμασθήσομαι. Χορός ἐγὼ δʼ, ἐποικτίρω γάρ, οὐ θυμώσομαι. 1070ἴθʼ, ὦ τάλαινα, τόνδʼ ἐρημώσασʼ ὄχον, εἴκουσʼ ἀνάγκῃ τῇδε καίνισον ζυγόν.

Clytaemestra Get inside, you too, Cassandra; since not unkindly has Zeus appointed you to share the holy water of a house where you may take your stand, with many another slave, at the altar of the god who guards its wealth. Get down from the car and do not be too proud; for even Alcmene’s son, men say, once endured to be sold and eat the bread of slavery. But if such fortune should of necessity fall to the lot of any, there is good cause for thankfulness in having masters of ancient wealth; for they who, beyond their hope, have reaped a rich harvest of possessions, are cruel to their slaves in every way, even exceeding due measure. You have from us such usage as custom warrants.

Chorus It is to you she has been speaking and clearly. Since you are in the toils of destiny, perhaps you will obey, if you are so inclined; but perhaps you will not.

Clytaemestra Well, if her language is not strange and foreign, even as a swallow’s, I must speak within her comprehension and move her to comply.

Chorus Go with her. With things as they now stand, she gives you the best. Do as she bids and leave your seat in the car.

Clytaemestra I have no time to waste with this woman here outside; for already the victims stand by the central hearth awaiting the sacrifice—a joy we never expected to be ours. As for you, if you will take any part, make no delay. But if, failing to understand, you do not catch my meaning, then, instead of speech, make a sign with your barbarian hand.

Chorus It is an interpreter and a plain one that the stranger seems to need. She bears herself like a wild creature newly captured.

Clytaemestra No, she is mad and listens to her wild mood, since she has come here from a newly captured city, and does not know how to tolerate the bit until she has foamed away her fretfulness in blood. No! I will waste no more words upon her to be insulted thus.

Chorus But I will not be angry, since I pity her. Come, unhappy one, leave the car; yield to necessity and take upon you this novel yoke.

Κασάνδρα 1072ὀτοτοτοῖ πόποι δᾶ. Ὦπολλον Ὦπολλον. Χορός τί ταῦτʼ ἀνωτότυξας ἀμφὶ Λοξίου; 1075οὐ γὰρ τοιοῦτος ὥστε θρηνητοῦ τυχεῖν.

Cassandra Woe, woe, woe! O Apollo, O Apollo!

Chorus Wherefore your cry of woe in Loxias’ name? He is not the kind of god that has to do with mourners.

Κασάνδρα 1076ὀτοτοτοῖ πόποι δᾶ. Ὦπολλον Ὦπολλον. Χορός ἡ δʼ αὖτε δυσφημοῦσα τὸν θεὸν καλεῖ οὐδὲν προσήκοντʼ ἐν γόοις παραστατεῖν.

Cassandra Woe, woe, woe! O Apollo, O Apollo!

Chorus Once more with ill-omened words she cries to the god who should not be present at times of lamentation.

Κασάνδρα 1080Ἄπολλον Ἄπολλον ἀγυιᾶτʼ, ἀπόλλων ἐμός. ἀπώλεσας γὰρ οὐ μόλις τὸ δεύτερον. Χορός χρήσειν ἔοικεν ἀμφὶ τῶν αὑτῆς κακῶν. μένει τὸ θεῖον δουλίᾳ περ ἐν φρενί.

Cassandra Apollo, Apollo! God of the Ways, my destroyer! For you have destroyed me—and utterly—this second time.

Chorus I think that she is about to prophesy about her own miseries. The divine gift still abides even in the soul of one enslaved.

Κασάνδρα 1085Ἄπολλον Ἄπολλον ἀγυιᾶτʼ, ἀπόλλων ἐμός. ἆ ποῖ ποτʼ ἤγαγές με; πρὸς ποίαν στέγην; Χορός πρὸς τὴν Ἀτρειδῶν· εἰ σὺ μὴ τόδʼ ἐννοεῖς, ἐγὼ λέγω σοι· καὶ τάδʼ οὐκ ἐρεῖς ψύθη.

Cassandra Apollo, Apollo! God of the Ways, my destroyer! Ah, what way is this that you have brought me! To what a house!

Chorus To that of Atreus’ sons. If you do not perceive this, I’ll tell it to you. And you shall not say that it is untrue.

Κασάνδρα 1090μισόθεον μὲν οὖν, πολλὰ συνίστορα αὐτόφονα κακὰ καρατόμα, ἀνδροσφαγεῖον καὶ πεδορραντήριον. Χορός ἔοικεν εὔρις ἡ ξένη κυνὸς δίκην εἶναι, ματεύει δʼ ὧν ἀνευρήσει φόνον.

Cassandra No, no, rather to a god-hating house, a house that knows many a horrible butchery of kin, a slaughter-house of men and a floor swimming with blood.

Chorus The stranger seems keen-scented as a hound; she is on the trail where she will discover blood.

Κασάνδρα 1095μαρτυρίοισι γὰρ τοῖσδʼ ἐπιπείθομαι· κλαιόμενα τάδε βρέφη σφαγάς, ὀπτάς τε σάρκας πρὸς πατρὸς βεβρωμένας. Χορός τὸ μὲν κλέος σοῦ μαντικὸν πεπυσμένοι ἦμεν· προφήτας δʼ οὔτινας ματεύομεν.

Cassandra Here is the evidence in which I put my trust! Behold those babies bewailing their own butchery and their roasted flesh eaten by their father!

Chorus Your fame to read the future had reached our ears; but we have no need of prophets here.

Κασάνδρα 1100ἰὼ πόποι, τί ποτε μήδεται; τί τόδε νέον ἄχος μέγα μέγʼ ἐν δόμοισι τοῖσδε μήδεται κακὸν ἄφερτον φίλοισιν, δυσίατον; ἀλκὰ δʼ ἑκὰς ἀποστατεῖ. Χορός 1105τούτων ἄιδρίς εἰμι τῶν μαντευμάτων. ἐκεῖνα δʼ ἔγνων· πᾶσα γὰρ πόλις βοᾷ.

Cassandra Alas, what can she be planning? What is this fresh woe she contrives here within, what monstrous, monstrous horror, beyond love’s enduring, beyond all remedy? And help stands far away!

Chorus These prophesyings pass my comprehension; but those I understood—the whole city rings with them.

Κασάνδρα 1107ἰὼ τάλαινα, τόδε γὰρ τελεῖς, τὸν ὁμοδέμνιον πόσιν λουτροῖσι φαιδρύνασα—πῶς φράσω τέλος; 1110τάχος γὰρ τόδʼ ἔσται· προτείνει δὲ χεὶρ ἐκ χερὸς ὀρέγματα. Χορός οὔπω ξυνῆκα· νῦν γὰρ ἐξ αἰνιγμάτων ἐπαργέμοισι θεσφάτοις ἀμηχανῶ.

Cassandra Ah, damned woman, will you do this thing? Your husband, the partner of your bed, when you have cheered him with the bath, will you—how shall I tell the end? Soon it will be done. Now this hand, now that, she stretches forth!

Chorus Not yet do I comprehend; for now, after riddles, I am bewildered by dark oracles.

Κασάνδρα 1114ἒ ἔ, παπαῖ παπαῖ, τί τόδε φαίνεται; 1115ἦ δίκτυόν τί γʼ Ἅιδου; ἀλλʼ ἄρκυς ἡ ξύνευνος, ἡ ξυναιτία φόνου. στάσις δʼ ἀκόρετος γένει κατολολυξάτω θύματος λευσίμου. Χορός ποίαν Ἐρινὺν τήνδε δώμασιν κέλῃ 1120ἐπορθιάζειν; οὔ με φαιδρύνει λόγος. ἐπὶ δὲ καρδίαν ἔδραμε κροκοβαφὴς σταγών, ἅτε καιρία πτώσιμος ξυνανύτει βίου δύντος αὐγαῖς· ταχεῖα δʼ ἄτα πέλει.

Cassandra Ah! Ah! What apparition is this? Is it a net of death? No, it is a snare that shares his bed, that shares the guilt of murder. Let the fatal pack, insatiable against the race, raise a shout of jubilance over a victim accursed!

Chorus What Spirit of Vengeance is this that you bid raise its voice over this house? Your words do not cheer me. Back to my heart surge the drops of my pallid blood, even as when they drip from a mortal wound, ebbing away as life’s beams sink low; and death comes speedily.

Κασάνδρα 1125ἆ ἆ, ἰδοὺ ἰδού· ἄπεχε τῆς βοὸς τὸν ταῦρον· ἐν πέπλοισι μελαγκέρῳ λαβοῦσα μηχανήματι τύπτει· πίτνει δʼ ἐν ἐνύδρῳ τεύχει. δολοφόνου λέβητος τύχαν σοι λέγω. Χορός 1130οὐ κομπάσαιμʼ ἂν θεσφάτων γνώμων ἄκρος εἶναι, κακῷ δέ τῳ προσεικάζω τάδε. ἀπὸ δὲ θεσφάτων τίς ἀγαθὰ φάτις βροτοῖς τέλλεται; κακῶν γὰρ διαὶ πολυεπεῖς τέχναι θεσπιῳδὸν 1135φόβον φέρουσιν μαθεῖν.

Cassandra Ah, ah, see there, see there! Keep the bull from his mate! She has caught him in the robe and gores him with the crafty device of her black horn! He falls in a vessel of water! It is of doom wrought by guile in a murderous bath that I am telling you.

Chorus I cannot boast that I am a keen judge of prophecies; but these, I think, spell some evil. But from prophecies what word of good ever comes to mortals? Through terms of evil their wordy arts bring men to know fear chanted in prophetic strains.

Κασάνδρα 1136ἰὼ ἰὼ ταλαίνας κακόποτμοι τύχαι· τὸ γὰρ ἐμὸν θροῶ πάθος ἐπεγχύδαν. ποῖ δή με δεῦρο τὴν τάλαιναν ἤγαγες; οὐδέν ποτʼ εἰ μὴ ξυνθανουμένην. τί γάρ; Χορός 1140φρενομανής τις εἶ θεοφόρητος, ἀμ- φὶ δʼ αὑτᾶς θροεῖς νόμον ἄνομον, οἷά τις ξουθὰ ἀκόρετος βοᾶς, φεῦ, ταλαίναις φρεσίν Ἴτυν Ἴτυν στένουσʼ ἀμφιθαλῆ κακοῖς 1145ἀηδὼν βίον.

Cassandra Alas, alas, the sorrow of my ill-starred doom! For it is my own affliction, crowning the cup, that I bewail. Ah, to what end did you bring me here, unhappy as I am? For nothing except to die—and not alone. What else?

Chorus Frenzied in soul you are, by some god possessed, and you wail in wild strains your own fate, like that brown bird that never ceases making lament (ah me!), and in the misery of her heart moans Itys, Itys, throughout all her days abounding in sorrow, the nightingale.

Κασάνδρα 1146ἰὼ ἰὼ λιγείας μόρον ἀηδόνος· περέβαλον γάρ οἱ πτεροφόρον δέμας θεοὶ γλυκύν τʼ αἰῶνα κλαυμάτων ἄτερ· ἐμοὶ δὲ μίμνει σχισμὸς ἀμφήκει δορί. Χορός 1150πόθεν ἐπισσύτους θεοφόρους ἔχεις ματαίους δύας, τὰ δʼ ἐπίφοβα δυσφάτῳ κλαγγᾷ μελοτυπεῖς ὁμοῦ τʼ ὀρθίοις ἐν νόμοις; πόθεν ὅρους ἔχεις θεσπεσίας ὁδοῦ 1155κακορρήμονας;

Cassandra Ah, fate of the clear-voiced nightingale! The gods clothed her in a winged form and gave to her a sweet life without tears. But for me waits destruction by the two-edged sword.

Chorus From where come these vain pangs of prophecy that assail you? And why do you mold to melody these terrors with dismal cries blended with piercing strains? How do you know the bounds of the path of your ill-boding prophecy?

Κασάνδρα 1156ἰὼ γάμοι γάμοι Πάριδος ὀλέθριοι φίλων. ἰὼ Σκαμάνδρου πάτριον ποτόν. τότε μὲν ἀμφὶ σὰς ἀϊόνας τάλαινʼ ἠνυτόμαν τροφαῖς· 1160νῦν δʼ ἀμφὶ Κωκυτόν τε κἀχερουσίους ὄχθας ἔοικα θεσπιῳδήσειν τάχα. Χορός τί τόδε τορὸν ἄγαν ἔπος ἐφημίσω; νεόγονος ἂν ἀΐων μάθοι. πέπληγμαι δʼ ὑπαὶ δάκει φοινίῳ 1165δυσαλγεῖ τύχᾳ μινυρὰ θρεομένας, θραύματʼ ἐμοὶ κλύειν.

Cassandra Ah, the marriage, the marriage of Paris, that destroyed his friends! Ah me, Scamander, my native stream! Upon your banks in bygone days, unhappy maid, was I nurtured with fostering care; but now by Cocytus and the banks of Acheron, I think, I soon must chant my prophecies.

Chorus What words are these you utter, words all too plain? A new-born child hearing them could understand. I am smitten with a deadly pain, while, by reason of your cruel fortune, you cry aloud your pitiful moans that break my heart to hear.

Κασάνδρα 1167ἰὼ πόνοι πόνοι πόλεος ὀλομένας τὸ πᾶν. ἰὼ πρόπυργοι θυσίαι πατρὸς πολυκανεῖς βοτῶν ποιονόμων· ἄκος δʼ 1170οὐδὲν ἐπήρκεσαν τὸ μὴ πόλιν μὲν ὥσπερ οὖν ἔχει παθεῖν. ἐγὼ δὲ θερμόνους τάχʼ ἐν πέδῳ βαλῶ. Χορός ἑπόμενα προτέροισι τάδʼ ἐφημίσω. καί τίς σε κακοφρονῶν τίθη- 1175σι δαίμων ὑπερβαρὴς ἐμπίτνων μελίζειν πάθη γοερὰ θανατοφόρα. τέρμα δʼ ἀμηχανῶ.

Cassandra O the sufferings, the sufferings of my city utterly destroyed! Alas, the sacrifices my father offered, the many pasturing cattle slain to save its towers! Yet they provided no remedy to save the city from suffering even as it has; and I, my soul on fire, must soon fall to the ground.

Chorus Your present speech chimes with your former strain. Surely some malignant spirit, falling upon you with heavy swoop, moves you to chant your piteous woes fraught with death. But the end I am helpless to discover.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth (modernised by Perseus) (1926). Original text: Greek text: Herbert Weir Smyth (ed. and trans.), Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1926, as digitised by Perseus. English: Herbert Weir Smyth, Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1926 (Perseus's modernised version of Smyth's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.