Ovid · Heroides Heroides (Epistulae Heroidum)

Ovid, Heroides 3.1–154: Heroides 3: Briseis to Achilles

Briseis writes to Achilles from the camp of Agamemnon, to whom she was handed over. She complains that he has not claimed her back and has refused the embassy and its gifts, and she fears he will sail away and leave her. She begs him to return to the fighting, swears she has not shared Agamemnon's bed, and asks him to call her back to him.

Lines 3.1–154 · 1791 words · click a number to copy its link
1Quam legis, a rapta Briseide littera venit, Vix bene barbarica Graeca notata manu. Quascumque adspicies, lacrimae fecere lituras; Sed tamen et lacrimae pondera vocis habent.

From stolen Briseis is the writing you read, scarce charactered in Greek by her barbarian hand. Whatever blots you shall see, her tears have made; but tears, too, have none the less the weight of words.

5Si mihi pauca queri de te dominoque viroque Fas est, de domino pauca viroque querar. Non, ego poscenti quod sum cito tradita regi, Culpa tua est — quamvis haec quoque culpa tua est; Nam simul Eurybates me Talthybiusque vocarunt, 10Eurybati data sum Talthybioque comes. Alter in alterius iactantes lumina vultum Quaerebant taciti, noster ubi esset amor. Differri potui; poenae mora grata fuisset. Ei mihi! discedens oscula nulla dedi; 15At lacrimas sine fine dedi rupique capillos — Infelix iterum sum mihi visa capi!

If ’tis right for me to utter brief complaint of you, my master and my beloved, of you, my master and my beloved, will I utter brief complaint. That I was all too quickly delivered over to the king at his demand is not your fault—yet this, too, is your fault; for as soon as Eurybates and Talthybius came to ask for me, to Eurybates was I given over, and to Talthybius, to go with them. Each, casting eyes into the face of other, inquired in silence where now was the love between us. My going might have been deferred; a stay of my pain would have eased my heart. All me! I had to go, and with no farewell kiss; but tears without end I shed, and rent my hair—miserable me, I seemed a second time to suffer the captive’s fate!

17Saepe ego decepto volui custode reverti, Sed, me qui timidam prenderet, hostis erat. Si progressa forem, caperer ne, nocte, timebam, 20Quamlibet ad Priami munus itura nurum.

Oft have I wished to elude my guards and return to you; but. the enemy was there, to seize upon a timid girl. Should I have gone far, I feared I should be taken in the night, and delivered over a gift to some one of the ladies of Priam’s sons.

21Sed data sim, quia danda fui — tot noctibus absum Nec repetor; cessas, iraque lenta tua est. Ipse Menoetiades tum, cum tradebar, in aurem 'Quid fles? hic parvo tempore,' dixit, 'eris.'

But grant I was given up because I must be given—yet all these nights I am absent from your side, and not demanded back; you delay, and your anger is slow. Menoetius’ son himself, at the time I was delivered up, whispered into my ear: “Why do you weep? But a short time,” he said, “will you be here.”

25Nec repetisse parum; pugnas ne reddar, Achille! I nunc et cupidi nomen amantis habe! Venerunt ad te Telamone et Amyntore nati — Ille gradu propior sanguinis, ille comes — Laertaque satus, per quos comitata redirem 30(auxerunt blandas grandia dona preces) Viginti fulvos operoso ex aere lebetas, Et tripodas septem pondere et arte pares; Addita sunt illis auri bis quinque talenta, Bis sex adsueti vincere semper equi, 35Quodque supervacuum est, forma praestante puellae Lesbides, eversa corpora capta domo, Cumque tot his — sed non opus est tibi coniuge — coniunx Ex Agamemnoniis una puella tribus. Si tibi ab Atride pretio redimenda fuissem, 40Quae dare debueras, accipere illa negas! Qua merui culpa fieri tibi vilis, Achille? Quo levis a nobis tam cito fugit amor?

And not to have claimed me back is but a slight thing; you even oppose my being restored, Achilles. Go now, deserve the name of an eager lover! There came to you the sons of Amyntor and Telamon—the one near in degree of blood, the other a comrade—and Laertes’ son; in company of these I was to return. Rich presents lent weight to their wheedling prayers: twenty ruddy vessels of wrought bronze, and tripods seven, equal in weight and workmanship; added to these, of gold twice five talents, twice six coursers ever wont to win, and—what there was no need of!—Lesbian girls surpassing fair, maids taken when their home was overthrown; and with all these—though of a bride you have no need—as bride, one of the daughters three of Agamemnon. What you must have given had you had to buy me back from Atrides with a price, that you refuse as a gift! What have I done that I am held thus cheap by you, Achilles? Whither has fled your light love so quickly from me?

43An miseros tristis fortuna tenaciter urget, Nec venit inceptis mollior hora malis? 45Diruta Marte tuo Lyrnesia moenia vidi — Et fueram patriae pars ego magna meae; Vidi consortes pariter generisque necisque Tres cecidisse, quibus, quae mihi, mater erat; Vidi, quantus erat, fusum tellure cruenta 50Pectora iactantem sanguinolenta virum.

Or can it be that a gloomy fortune still weighs the wretched down, and a gentler hour comes not when woes have once begun? The walls of Lyrnesus I have seen laid in ruin by your soldier band—I, who myself had been great part of my father’s land; I have seen fall three who were partners alike in birth and in death—and the three had the mother who was mine; I have seen my wedded lord stretched all his length upon the gory ground, heaving in agony

51Tot tamen amissis te conpensavimus unum; Tu dominus, tu vir, tu mihi frater eras. Tu mihi, iuratus per numina matris aquosae, Utile dicebas ipse fuisse capi — 55Scilicet ut, quamvis veniam dotata, repellas Et mecum fugias quae tibi dantur opes! Quin etiam fama est, cum crastina fulserit Eos, Te dare nubiferis lintea velle Notis.

his bloody breast. For so many lost to me I still had only you in recompense; you were my master, you my husband, you my brother. You swore to me by the godhead of your seaborn mother, and yourself said that my captive’s lot was gain—yes, that though I come to you with dowry, you may thrust me back, scorning with me the wealth that is tendered you! Nay, ’tis even said that when tomorrow’s dawn shall have shone forth, you mean to unfurl your linen sails to the cloud-bringing winds of the south.

59Quod scelus ut pavidas miserae mihi contigit aures, 60Sanguinis atque animi pectus inane fuit. Ibis et — o miseram! — cui me, violente, relinquis? Quis mihi desertae mite levamen erit? Devorer ante, precor, subito telluris hiatu Aut rutilo missi fulminis igne cremer, 65Quam sine me Pthiis canescant aequora remis, Et videam puppes ire relicta tuas! Si tibi iam reditusque placent patriique Penates, Non ego sum classi sarcina magna tuae. Victorem captiva sequar, non nupta maritum; 70Est mihi, quae lanas molliat, apta manus. Inter Achaeiadas longe pulcherrima matres In thalamos coniunx ibit eatque tuos, Digna nurus socero, Iovis Aeginaeque nepote, Cuique senex Nereus prosocer esse velit. 75Nos humiles famulaeque tuae data pensa trahemus, Et minuent plenas stamina nostra colos. Exagitet ne me tantum tua, deprecor, uxor — Quae mihi nescio quo non erit aequa modo — Neve meos coram scindi patiare capillos 80Et leviter dicas: 'haec quoque nostra fuit.' Vel patiare licet, dum ne contempta relinquar — Hic mihi vae! miserae concutit ossa metus.

When the monstrous tale fell on my wretched and terror-stricken ears, the blood went from my breast, and with it my senses fled. You are going—ah me, wretched!—and to whom do you leave me, O hardened of heart? Who shall afford me gentle solace, left behind? May I be swallowed up, I pray, in sudden yawning of the earth, or consumed by the ruddy fire of careering thunderbolt, e’er that, without me, the seas foam white with Phthian oars, and I am left behind to see your ships fart-forth! If it please you now to return to the hearth of your fathers, I am no great burden to your fleet. As captive let me follow my captor, not as wife my wedded lord; I have a hand well skilled to dress the wool. The most beauteous by far among the women of Achaea will come to the marriage-chamber as your bride—and may she come!—a bride worthy of her lord’s father. the grandchild of Jove and Aegina, and one whom ancient Nereus would welcome as his grandson’s bride. As for me, I shall be a lowly slave of yours and spin off the given task, and the full distaff shall grow slender at the drawing of my threads. Only let not your lady be harsh with me, I pray—for in some way I feel she will not be kind!—and suffer her not to tear my hair before your eyes, while you lightly say of me: “She, too, once was mine.” Or, suffer it even so, if only I am not despised and left behind—this is the fear, ah woe is wretched me, that shakes my very bones!

83Quid tamen expectas? Agamemnona paenitet irae, Et iacet ante tuos Graecia maesta pedes. 85Vince animos iramque tuam, qui cetera vincis! Quid lacerat Danaas inpiger Hector opes? Arma cape, Aeacide, sed me tamen ante recepta, Et preme turbatos Marte favente viros! Propter me mota est, propter me desinat ira, 90Simque ego tristitiae causa modusque tuae. Nec tibi turpe puta precibus succumbere nostris; Coniugis Oenides versus in arma prece est. Res audita mihi, nota est tibi. fratribus orba Devovit nati spemque caputque parens. 95Bellum erat; ille ferox positis secessit ab armis Et patriae rigida mente negavit opem. Sola virum coniunx flexit. felicior illa! At mea pro nullo pondere verba cadunt. Nec tamen indignor nec me pro coniuge gessi 100Saepius in domini serva vocata torum. Me quaedam, memini, dominam captiva vocabat. 'Servitio,' dixi, 'nominis addis onus.'

What do you still await? Agamemnon repents him of his wrath, and Greece lies prostrate in affliction at your feet. Subdue your own angry spirit, you who subdue all else! Why does eager Hector still harry the Danaan lines? Seize up your armour, O child of Aeacus—yet take me back first—and with the favour of Mars rout and overwhelm their ranks. For me your anger was stirred, through me let it be allayed; and let me be both the cause and the measure of your gloomy wrath. Nor think it unseemly for you to yield to prayer of mine; by the prayer of his wedded wife was the son of Oeneus roused to arms. ’Tis only a tale to me, but to you well known. Reft of her brothers, a mother cursed the hope and head of her son. There was war; in fierce mood he laid down his arms and stood apart, and with unbending purpose refused his country aid. Only the wife availed to bend her husband. The happier she!—for my words have no weight, and fall for naught. And yet I am not angered, nor have I borne myself as wife because oft summoned, a slave, to share my master’s bed. Some captive woman once, I mind me, called me mistress. “To slavery,” I replied. “you add a burden in that name.”

103Per tamen ossa viri subito male tecta sepulcro, Semper iudiciis ossa verenda meis; 105Perque trium fortes animas, mea numina, fratrum, Qui bene pro patria cum patriaque iacent; Perque tuum nostrumque caput, quae iunximus una, Perque tuos enses, cognita tela meis — Nulla Mycenaeum sociasse cubilia mecum 110Iuro; fallentem deseruisse velis! Si tibi nunc dicam, fortissime: 'tu quoque iura Nulla tibi sine me gaudia capta!' neges. At Danai maerere putant — tibi plectra moventur, Te tenet in tepido mollis amica sinu! 115Et quisquam quaerit, quare pugnare recuses? Pugna nocet, citharae voxque Venusque iuvant. Tutius est iacuisse toro, tenuisse puellam, Threiciam digitis increpuisse lyram, Quam manibus clipeos et acutae cuspidis hastam, 120Et galeam pressa sustinuisse coma.

None the less, by the bones of my wedded lord. ill covered in hasty sepulture bones ever to be held sacred in my eyes; and by the brave souls of my three brothers, to me now spirits divine, who died well for their country, and lie well with it in death; and by your head and mine, which we have laid each to each; and by your sword, weapon well known to my kin—I swear that the Mycenaean has shared no couch with me; if I prove false, wish never to see me more! If now I should say to you: “Most valiant one, do you swear also that you have tasted no joys apart from me!” you would refuse. Yes, the Danai think you are mourning for me—but you are wielding the plectrum, and a tender mistress holds you in her warm embrace! And does anyone ask wherefore do you refuse to fight? Because the fight brings danger; while the zither, and night, and Venus, bring delight. Safer is it to lie on the couch, to clasp a sweetheart in your arms, to the kle with your fingers the Thracian lyre, than to take in hand the shield, and the spear with sharpened point, and to sustain upon your locks the helmet’s weight.

121Sed tibi pro tutis insignia facta placebant, Partaque bellando gloria dulcis erat. An tantum dum me caperes, fera bella probabas, Cumque mea patria laus tua victa iacet? 125Di melius! validoque, precor, vibrata lacerto Transeat Hectoreum Pelias hasta latus! Mittite me, Danai! dominum legata rogabo Multaque mandatis oscula mixta feram. Plus ego quam Phoenix, plus quam facundus Ulixes, 130Plus ego quam Teucri, credite, frater agam. Est aliquid collum solitis tetigisse lacertis, Praesentisque oculos admonuisse sui. Sis licet inmitis matrisque ferocior undis, Ut taceam, lacrimis conminuere meis.

Once the deed of renown, rather than safety, was your pleasure, and glory won in warring was sweet to you. Or can it be that you favoured fierce war only till you could make me captive, and that your praise lies dead, o’ercome together with my native land? Ye gods forfend! and may the spear of Pelion go quivering from your strong arm to pierce the side of Hector! Send me, O Danai! I will be ambassadress and supplicate my lord, and carry many kisses mingled with my message. I shall achieve more than Phoenix, believe me, more than eloquent Ulysses, more than Tcucer’s brother! It will avail something to have touched your neck with the accustomed arms, to have seen you and stirred your recollection by the sight of my bosom. Though you be cruel, though more savage than your mother’s waves, even should I keep silence you will be broken by my tears.

135Nunc quoque — sic omnes Peleus pater inpleat annos, Sic eat auspiciis Pyrrhus ad arma tuis! — Respice sollicitam Briseida, fortis Achille, Nec miseram lenta ferreus ure mora! Aut, si versus amor tuus est in taedia nostri, 140Quam sine te cogis vivere, coge mori! Utque facis, coges. abiit corpusque colorque; Sustinet hoc animae spes tamen una tui. Qua si destituor, repetam fratresque virumque — Nec tibi magnificum femina iussa mori. 145Cur autem iubeas? stricto pete corpora ferro; Est mihi qui fosso pectore sanguis eat. Me petat ille tuus, qui, si dea passa fuisset, Ensis in Atridae pectus iturus erat!

Even now—so may Peleus your father fill out his tale of years, so may Pyrrhus take up arms with fortune as good as yours!—have regard for anxious Briseis, brave Achilles, and do not hard-heartedly torment a wretched maid with long drawn out delay! Or, if your love for me has turned to weariness, compel the death of her whom you compel to live without you! And, as you now are doing, you will compel it. Gone is my flesh, and gone my colour; what spirit I still have is but sustained by hope in you. If I am left by that, I shall go to rejoin my brothers and my husband—and ’twill be no boast for you to have bid a woman die. And more, why should you bid me die? Draw the steel and plunge it in my body; I have blood to flow when once my breast is pierced. Let me be stricken with that sword of yours, which, had the goddess not said nay, would have made its way into the heart of Atreus’ son!

149A, potius serves nostram, tua munera, vitam! 150Quod dederas hosti victor, amica rogo. Perdere quos melius possis, Neptunia praebent Pergama; materiam caedis ab hoste pete. Me modo, sive paras inpellere remige classem, Sive manes, domini iure venire iube!

Ah, rather save my life, the gift you gave me! What you gave, when victor, to me your foe, I ask now from you as your friend. Those whom ’twere better you destroyed, Neptunian Pergamum affords; for matter for your sword, go seek the foe. Only, whether you make ready to speed on with the oar your ships, or whether you remain, O, by your right as master, bid me come!

People and places in this passage

English translation by Grant Showerman (1914). Original text: Rudolf Ehwald (ed.), P. Ovidius Naso, vol. 1, Leipzig: Teubner, 1907 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Grant Showerman, Ovid: Heroides and Amores, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Latin text); translation public domain (OCR from the Internet Archive scan). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.