Virgil · Aeneid Aeneis

Virgil, Aeneid 9.314–449: Nisus and Euryalus: the night raid and their deaths

The two cross the moat and find the Rutulian camp asleep from wine, and Nisus and Euryalus kill many men, including Rhamnes. Nisus calls a halt as dawn nears, but Euryalus takes spoils, including a shining helmet. A cavalry troop under Volscens sees the helmet flash and chases them into a forest, where Euryalus is caught. Nisus kills two riders with spears, then Volscens kills Euryalus, and Nisus kills Volscens and dies on his friend's body.

Lines 9.314–449 · 1457 words · click a number to copy its link
314Egressi superant fossas noctisque per umbram 315castra inimica petunt, multis tamen ante futuri exitio. Passim somno vinoque per herbam corpora fusa vident, arrectos litore currus, inter lora rotasque viros, simul arma iacere, vina simul. Prior Hyrtacides sic ore locutus: 320Euryale, audendum dextra; nunc ipsa vocat res. Hac iter est. Tu, ne qua manus se attollere nobis a tergo possit, custodi et consule longe; haec ego vasta dabo et lato te limite ducam. Sic memorat vocemque premit; simul ense superbum 325Rhamnetem adgreditur, qui forte tapetibus altis exstructus toto proflabat pectore somnum. Rex idem et regi Turno gratissimus augur, sed non augurio potuit depellere pestem. Tris iuxta famulos temere inter tela iacentis 330armigerumque Remi premit aurigamque sub ipsis nanctus equis ferroque secat pendentia colla;

Forth through the moat they climb, and steal away
through midnight shades, to where their foemen lie
encamped in arms; of whom, before these fall,
a host shall die. Along the turf were seen,
laid low in heavy slumber and much wine,
a prostrate troop; the horseless chariots
stood tilted on the shore, 'twixt rein and wheel
the drivers dozed, wine-cups and idle swords
strewn round them without heed. The first to speak
was Nisus. “Look, Euryalus,” he cried,
“Now boldly strike. The hour to do the deed
is here, the path this way. Keep wide-eyed watch
that no man smite behind us. I myself
will mow the mighty fieid, and lead thee on
in a wide swath of slaughter.” With this word
he shut his lips; and hurled him with his sword
on haughty Rhamnes, who lay propped at ease
on pillows huge, and from his heaving breast
poured slumber loud: of royal stem was he
and honored of King Turnus for his skill
in augury; yet could no augur's charm
that bloody stroke forefend.

332tum caput ipsi aufert domino truncumque relinquit sanguine singultantem; atro tepefacta cruore terra torique madent. Nec non Lamyrumque Lamumque 335et iuvenem Serranum, illa qui plurima nocte luserat, insignis facie, multoque iacebat membra deo victus: felix, si protinus illum aequasset nocti ludum in lucemque tulisset. Impastus ceu plena leo per ovilia turbans 340(suadet enim vesana fames) manditque trahitque molle pecus mutumque metu, fremit ore cruento: nec minor Euryali caedes; incensus et ipse perfurit ac multam in medio sine nomine plebem, Fadumque Herbesumque subit Rhoetumque Abarimque, 345ignaros, Rhoetum vigilantem et cuncta videntem, sed magnum metuens se post cratera tegebat; pectore in adverso totum cui comminus ensem condidit adsurgenti et multa morte recepit. Purpuream vomit ille animam et cum sanguine mixta 350vina refert moriens; hic furto fervidus instat.

And Nisus slew
three slaves near by, that lay in reckless sleep
upon their spears; then him that bore the shield
of Remus, then the driver of his car
close to the horses caught; his sword cut through
their prostrate necks; then their great master's head
he lifted high, and left decapitate
the huge corpse spilling forth its crimson gore
o'er couch and ground. Like stroke on Lamus fell
and Lamyrus, with young Serranus, who
had gamed the midnight through and sleeping lay,
his fair young body to the wine-god given;
but happier now had that long-revelling night
been merry till the dawn! Thus round full folds
of sheep a famished lion fiercely prowls;
mad hunger moves him; he devours and rends
with bloody, roaring mouth, the feeble flock
that trembles and is dumb. Nor was the sword
of fair Euryalus less fatal found;
but fiercely raging on his path of death,
he pressed on through a base and nameless throng,
Rhoetus, Herbesus, Fadus, Abaris;
surprising all save Rhoetus, who awake
saw every stroke, and crouched in craven fear
behind a mighty wine-bowl; but not less
clean through his bare breast as he started forth
the youth thrust home his sword, then drew it back
death-dripping, while the bursting purple stream
of life outflowed, with mingling blood and wine.

351Iamque ad Messapi socios tendebat; ibi ignem deficere extremum et religatos rite videbat carpere gramen equos: breviter cum talia Nisus. sensit enim nimia caede atque cupidine ferri: 355Absistamus, ait, nam lux inimica propinquat. Poenarum exhaustum satis est, via facta per hostis. Multa virum solido argento perfecta relinquunt armaque craterasque simul pulchrosque tapetas. Euryalus phaleras Rhamnetis et aurea bullis 360cingula, Tiburti Remulo ditissimus olim quae mittit dona hospitio cum iungeret absens Caedicus, ille suo moriens dat habere nepoti, haec rapit atque umeris nequiquam fortibus aptat. 365Tum galeam Messapi habilem cristisque decoram induit. Excedunt castris et tuta capessunt. Interea praemissi equites ex urbe Latina, cetera dum legio campis instructa moratur, ibant et Turno regi responsa ferebant, 370tercentum, scutati omnes, Volcente magistro.

Then, flushed with stealthy slaughter, he crept near
the followers of Messapus, where he saw
their camp-fire dying down, and tethered steeds
upon the meadow feeding. Nisus then
knew the hot lust of slaughter had swept on
too far, and cried, “Hold off! For, lo,
the monitory dawn is nigh. Revenge
has fed us to the full. We have achieved
clean passage through the foe.” Full many a prize
was left untaken: princely suits of mail
enwrought with silver pure, huge drinking-bowls,
and broideries fair. Yet grasped Euryalus
the blazonry at Rhamnes' corselet hung,
and belt adorned with gold: which were a gift
to Remulus of Tibur from the store
of opulent Caedicus, who sued from far
to be a friend; and these in death he gave
to his son's son, who slain in battle fell,
and proud Rutulians seized them with the spoil.
Euryalus about his shoulder strong
this booty slung—unprofitable gain! —
and fitted on a gorgeous, crested helm
which once Messapus wore. So from the camp,
escaping danger, the two champions ran.
But horsemen from the Latin city sent
to join the serried legions of the plain
had come at Turnus' call, three hundred strong
all bearing shields, and under the command
of Volscens.

371Iamque propinquabant castris murosque subibant, cum procul hos laevo flectentis limite cernunt et galea Euryalum sublustri noctis in umbra prodidit immemorem radiisque adversa refulsit. 375Haud temere est visum. Conclamat ab agmine Volcens State, viri. Quae causa viae? Quive estis in armis? Quove tenetis iter? Nihil illi tendere contra, sed celerare fugam in silvas et fidere nocti. Obiciunt equites sese ad divortia nota 380hinc atque hinc omnemque abitum custode coronant. Silva fuit late dumis atque ilice nigra horrida, quam densi complerant undique sentes; rara per occultos lucebat semita calles. Euryalum tenebrae ramorum onerosaque praeda 385impediunt fallitque timor regione viarum; Nisus abit, iamque imprudens evaserat hostis atque locos, qui post Albae de nomine dicti Albani, tum rex stabula alta Latinus habebat, ut stetit et frustra absentem respexit amicum. 390Euryale infelix, qua te regione reliqui?

Nigh the camp and walls they drew;
and soon they spied upon the leftward path
th' heroic pair, where in dim shades of night
the helmet of Euryalus betrayed
the heedless boy, and with a glancing beam
flashed on the foe. Nor was it seen in vain.
Loud from the line the voice of Volscens called:
“Stand, gentlemen! What business brings you here?
Whose your allegiance? Whither speed so fast?”
No answer gave they save to fly in haste
to cover of the forest and deep gloom
of the defensive night. The horsemen then
blocked every crossway known, and, scattering wide,
kept sentry at the entrance. The great wood
was all of tangled brush and blinding shade
of flex-boughs. Impenetrable thorns
had thickly overgrown, and seldom showed
a pathway through the maze. Euryalus,
by the black branches and his ponderous spoil
impeded, groped along in fearful doubt,
deceived and quite astray. Nisus his friend
had quit him, and incautiously had forced
a sally through the close-encircling foe,
into that region which should after bear
the name of Alba—a rude shelter then
for King Latinus' herds. He stayed him there
and looked, but vainly, for the comrade gone.
“Euryalus, ill-fated boy!” he cried,
“Where have I lost thee in the pathless wild?
How find thee?

391Quave sequar, rursus perplexum iter omne revolvens fallacis silvae? Simul et vestigia retro observata legit dumisque silentibus errat. Audit equos, audit strepitus et signa sequentum. 395Nec longum in medio tempus, cum clamor ad auris pervenit ac videt Euryalum, quem iam manus omnis fraude loci et noctis, subito turbante tumultu, oppressum rapit et conantem plurima frustra. Quid faciat? Qua vi iuvenem, quibus audeat armis 400eripere? An sese medios moriturus in enses inferat et pulchram properet per volnera mortem? Ocius adducto torquens hastile lacerto, suspiciens altam Lunam sic voce precatur: Tu, dea, tu praesens nostro succurre labori, 405astrorum decus et nemorum Latonia custos. Siqua tuis umquam pro me pater Hyrtacus aris dona tulit, siqua ipse meis venatibus auxi suspendive tholo aut sacra ad fastigia fixi: hunc sine me turbare globum et rege tela per auras.

How retrace the blinding maze
of yonder treacherous wood?” Yet ere he said,
on his own path he turns him back, and scans
his own light footprints through the tangled thorn,
so dark and still. But suddenly he hears
the tread of horses, with confusing din
and tumult of pursuit. Nor was it long
he tarried ere upon his anguished ear
smote a great cry: and, lo! Euryalus,
trapped by the dark night, the deceptive ground,
faced the whole onset, and fell back o'erwhelmed
by a loud mob of foes, while his sole sword
tried many a thrust in vain. O, what defence
may Nisus bring? With what audacious arms
his chosen comrade save? Shall he make bare
his dying breast to all their swords, and run
to honorable death that bloody way?
He swung his spear with lifted arm, then looked
to the still moon, in heaven, and thus implored:
“O goddess, aid me in my evil case.
O glory of the stars, Latona's child!
O guardian of groves, if in my name
my father Hyrtacus made offerings
on burning altars, if my own right hand,
successful in the chase, ere hung its gift
beneath thy dome or on thy sacred wall,
grant me yon troop to scatter. Guide my spear
along its path in air.”

410Dixerat, et toto conixus corpore ferrum conicit: hasta volans noctis diverberat umbras et venit aversi in tergum Sulmonis ibique frangitur ac fisso transit praecordia ligno. Volvitur ille vomens calidum de pectore flumen 415frigidus et longis singultibus ilia pulsat. Diversi circumspiciunt. Hoc acrior idem ecce aliud summa telum librabat ab aure. Dum trepidant, it hasta Tago per tempus utrumque stridens traiectoque haesit tepefacta cerebro. 420Saevit atrox Volcens nec teli conspicit usquam auctorem nec quo se ardens inmittere possit. Tu tamen interea calido mihi sanguine poenas persolves amborum, inquit; simul ense recluso ibat in Euryalum. Tum vero exterritus, amens 425conclamat Nisus, nec se celare tenebris amplius aut tantum potuit perferre dolorem. Me me, adsum qui feci, in me convertite ferrum, O Rutuli, mea fraus omnis; nihil iste nec ausus nec potuit, caelum hoc et conscia sidera testor, 430tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.

He spoke, and hurled
with all his gathered strength the shaft of steel.
The swift spear clove the shades of night, and struck
full in the back of Sulmo, where it split,
but tore through to his very heart. The breast
poured forth life's glowing stream, and he, o'erthrown
lay cold in death, while his huge, heaving sides
gave lingering throes. The men about him stared
this way and that. But Nisus, fiercer still,
poised level with his ear a second shaft,
and, while the foeman paused, the whizzing spear
straight through the brows of Tagus drove, and clung
deep in the cloven brain. In frenzy rose
Volscens, but nowhere could espy what hand
the shaft had hurled, nor whither his wild rage
could make reply. “But thou,” he cried, “shalt feed
with thy hot blood my honor and revenge
for both the slain.” Then with a sword unsheathed
upon Euryalus he fell. Loud shrieked
Nisus, of reason reft, who could not bear
such horror, nor in sheltering gloom of night
longer abide: “'T is I, 't is I!” he said.
Look on the man who slew them! Draw on me
your swords, Rutulians! The whole stratagem
was mine, mine only, and the lad ye slay
dared not, and could not. O, by Heaven above
and by the all-beholding stars I swear,
he did but love his hapless friend too well.”

431Talia dicta dabat; sed viribus ensis adactus transabiit costas et candida pectora rumpit. Volvitur Euryalus leto, pulchrosque per artus it cruor, inque umeros cervix conlapsa recumbit: 435purpureus veluti cum flos succisus aratro languescit moriens lassove papavera collo demisere caput, pluvia cum forte gravantur. At Nisus ruit in medios solumque per omnis Volcentem petit in solo Volcente moratur. 440Quem circum glomerati hostes hinc comminus atque hinc proturbant. Instat non setius ac rotat ensem fulmineum, donec Rutuli clamantis in ore condidit adverso et moriens animam abstulit hosti. Tum super exanimum sese proiecit amicum 445confossus placidaque ibi demum morte quievit. Fortunati ambo! Siquid mea carmina possunt, nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo, dum domus Aeneae Capitoli immobile saxum accolet imperiumque pater Romanus habebit.

But while he spoke, the furious-thrusting sword
had pierced the tender body, and run through
the bosom white as snow. Euryalus
sank prone in death; upon his goodly limbs
the life-blood ran unstopped, and low inclined
the drooping head; as when some purpled flower,
cut by the ploughshare, dies, or poppies proud
with stem forlorn their ruined beauty bow
before the pelting storm. Then Nisus flew
straight at his foes; but in their throng would find
Volscens alone, for none but Volscens stayed:
they gathered thickly round and grappled him
in shock of steel with steel. But on he plunged,
swinging in ceaseless circles round his head
his lightning-sword, and thrust it through the face
of shrieking Volscens, with his own last breath
striking his foeman down; then cast himself
upon his fallen comrade's breast; and there,
stabbed through, found tranquil death and sure repose.
Heroic pair and blest! If aught I sing
have lasting music, no remotest age
shall blot your names from honor's storied scroll:
not while the altars of Aeneas' line
shall crown the Capitol's unshaken hill,
nor while the Roman Father's hand sustains
its empire o'er the world.

English translation by Theodore C. Williams (1910). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Theodore C. Williams, The Aeneid of Virgil, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.