Virgil · Georgics Georgica

Virgil, Georgics 4.386–452: Aristaeus captures Proteus

Taking the leaping flame as an omen, Cyrene tells Aristaeus of Proteus, a seer in the Carpathian waters of Poseidon (Neptune) who knows past, present and future. He must seize and bind Proteus, who will answer only by force and will turn into a boar, tigress, dragon, lioness, fire and water. She anoints her son with ambrosial dew and hides him in the cave at noon. Aristaeus leaps on Proteus and fetters him, and when the changes fail Proteus resumes his shape and begins to speak the fates.

Lines 4.386–452 · 666 words · click a number to copy its link
386Omine quo firmans animum sic incipit ipsa: “Est in Carphatio Neptuni gurgite vates caeruleus Proteus, magnum qui piscibus aequor et iuncto bipedum curru metitur equorum. 390Hic nunc Emathiae portus patriamque revisit Pallenen, hunc et Nymphae veneramur et ipse grandaevus Nereus; novit namque omnia vates, quae sint, quae fuerint, quae mox ventura trahantur; quippe ita Neptuno visum est, immania cuius 395armenta et turpes pascit sub gurgite phocas. Hic tibi, nate, prius vinclis capiendus, ut omnem expediat morbi causam eventusque secundet. Nam sine vi non ulla dabit praecepta, neque illum orando flectes; vim duram et vincula capto 400tende; doli circum haec demum frangentur inanes. Ipsa ego, te, medios cum sol accenderit aestus, cum sitiunt herbae et pecori iam gratior umbra est, in secreta senis ducam, quo fessus ab undis se recipit, facile ut somno adgrediare iacentem.

Armed with which omen she essayed to speak:
“In Neptune's gulf Carpathian dwells a seer,
Caerulean Proteus, he who metes the main
With fish-drawn chariot of two-footed steeds;
Now visits he his native home once more,
Pallene and the Emathian ports; to him
We nymphs do reverence, ay, and Nereus old;
For all things knows the seer, both those which are
And have been, or which time hath yet to bring;
So willed it Neptune, whose portentous flocks,
And loathly sea-calves 'neath the surge he feeds.
Him first, my son, behoves thee seize and bind
That he may all the cause of sickness show,
And grant a prosperous end. For save by force
No rede will he vouchsafe, nor shalt thou bend
His soul by praying; whom once made captive, ply
With rigorous force and fetters; against these
His wiles will break and spend themselves in vain.
I, when the sun has lit his noontide fires,
When the blades thirst, and cattle love the shade,
Myself will guide thee to the old man's haunt,
Whither he hies him weary from the waves,
That thou mayst safelier steal upon his sleep.

405Verum ubi correptum manibus vinclisque tenebis, tum variae eludent species atque ora ferarum Fiet enim subito sus horridus atraque tigris squamosusque draco et fulva cervice leaena, aut acrem flammae sonitum dabit atque ita vinclis 410excidet, aut in aquas tenues dilapsus abibit. Sed quanto ille magis formas se vertet in omnes, tanto, nate, magis contende tenacia vincla, donec talis erit mutato corpore, qualem videris, incepto tegeret cum lumina somno.” 415Haec ait et liquidum ambrosiae defundit odorem, quo totum nati corpus perduxit; at illi dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura atque habilis membris venit vigor. Est specus ingens exesi latere in montis, quo plurima vento 420cogitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos, deprensis olim statio tutissima nautis; intus se vasti Proteus tegit obice saxi. Hic iuvenem in latebris aversum a lumine Nympha collocat; ipsa procul nebulis obscura resistit.

But when thou hast gripped him fast with hand and gyve,
Then divers forms and bestial semblances
Shall mock thy grasp; for sudden he will change
To bristly boar, fell tigress, dragon scaled,
And tawny-tufted lioness, or send forth
A crackling sound of fire, and so shake of
The fetters, or in showery drops anon
Dissolve and vanish. But the more he shifts
His endless transformations, thou, my son,
More straitlier clench the clinging bands, until
His body's shape return to that thou sawest,
When with closed eyelids first he sank to sleep.”
So saying, an odour of ambrosial dew
She sheds around, and all his frame therewith
Steeps throughly; forth from his trim-combed locks
Breathed effluence sweet, and a lithe vigour leapt
Into his limbs. There is a cavern vast
Scooped in the mountain-side, where wave on wave
By the wind's stress is driven, and breaks far up
Its inmost creeks—safe anchorage from of old
For tempest-taken mariners: therewithin,
Behind a rock's huge barrier, Proteus hides.
Here in close covert out of the sun's eye
The youth she places, and herself the while
Swathed in a shadowy mist stands far aloof.

425Iam rapidus torrens sitientes Sirius Indos ardebat, caelo et medium sol igneus orbem hauserat; arebant herbae et cava flumina siccis faucibus ad limum radii tepefacta coquebant: cum Proteus consueta petens e fluctibus antra 430ibat; eum vasti circum gens umida ponti exsultans rorem late dispergit amarum. Sternunt se somno diversae in litore phocae. Ipse, velut stabuli custos in montibus olim, vesper ubi e pastu vitulos ad tecta reducit, 435auditisque lupos acuunt balatibus agni, considit scopulo medius numerumque recenset. Cuius Aristaeo quoniam est oblata facultas, vix defessa senem passus componere membra cum clamore ruit magno manicisque iacentem 440occupat. Ille suae contra non immemor artis omnia transformat sese in miracula rerum, ignemque horribilemque feram fluviumque liquentem. Verum ubi nulla fugam reperit fallacia, victus in sese redit atque hominis tandem ore locutus: 445“Nam quis te, iuvenum confidentissime, nostras iussit adire domos? Quidve hinc petis?” inquit. At ille: “Scis, Proteu, scis ipse; neque est te fallere quicquam sed tu desine velle. Deum praecepta secuti venimus hinc lapsis quaesitum oracula rebus.” 450Tantum effatus. Ad haec vates vi denique multa ardentes oculos intorsit lumine glauco et graviter frendens sic fatis ora resolvit.

And now the ravening dog-star that burns up
The thirsty Indians blazed in heaven; his course
The fiery sun had half devoured: the blades
Were parched, and the void streams with droughty jaws
Baked to their mud-beds by the scorching ray,
When Proteus seeking his accustomed cave
Strode from the billows: round him frolicking
The watery folk that people the waste sea
Sprinkled the bitter brine-dew far and wide.
Along the shore in scattered groups to feed
The sea-calves stretch them: while the seer himself,
Like herdsman on the hills when evening bids
The steers from pasture to their stall repair,
And the lambs' bleating whets the listening wolves,
Sits midmost on the rock and tells his tale.
But Aristaeus, the foe within his clutch,
Scarce suffering him compose his aged limbs,
With a great cry leapt on him, and ere he rose
Forestalled him with the fetters; he nathless,
All unforgetful of his ancient craft,
Transforms himself to every wondrous thing,
Fire and a fearful beast, and flowing stream.
But when no trickery found a path for flight,
Baffled at length, to his own shape returned,
With human lips he spake, “Who bade thee, then,
So reckless in youth's hardihood, affront
Our portals? or what wouldst thou hence?”—But he,
“Proteus, thou knowest, of thine own heart thou knowest;
For thee there is no cheating, but cease thou
To practise upon me: at heaven's behest
I for my fainting fortunes hither come
An oracle to ask thee.” There he ceased.
Whereat the seer, by stubborn force constrained,
Shot forth the grey light of his gleaming eyes
Upon him, and with fiercely gnashing teeth
Unlocks his lips to spell the fates of heaven:

People and places in this passage

English translation by James Rhoades (1921). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: James Rhoades, The Poems of Vergil, London: Oxford University Press, 1921.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.