Virgil · Georgics Georgica

Virgil, Georgics 1.311–350: Autumn storms and the festival of Demeter

Storms near harvest can flatten the ripe corn and flood the fields, and the Sire hurls lightning that shakes the earth and splits mountains while beasts and people cower. Remembering this, the farmer should watch the months and the planets, and worship the gods first. He should offer Demeter (Ceres) a yearly sacrifice at the end of winter, leading the victim three times around the young corn, and no one should reap until he has danced and sung in her honour.

Lines 1.311–350 · 408 words · click a number to copy its link
311Quid tempestates autumni et sidera dicam, atque, ubi iam breviorque dies et mollior aestas, quae vigilanda viris. vel cum ruit imbriferum ver, spicea iam campis cum messis inhorruit et cum 315frumenta in viridi stipula lactentia turgent. Saepe ego, cum flavis messorem induceret arvis agricola et fragili iam stringeret hordea culmo, omnia ventorum concurrere proelia vidi, quae gravidam late segetem ab radicibus imis 320sublimem expulsam eruerent; ita turbine nigro ferret hiems culmumque levem stipulasque volantis. Saepe etiam inmensum caelo venit agmen aquarum et foedam glomerant tempestatem imbribus atris collectae ex alto nubes; ruit arduus aether 325et pluvia ingenti sata laeta boumque labores diluit; inplentur fossae et cava flumina crescunt cum sonitu fervetque fretis spirantibus aequor.

What need to tell of autumn's storms and stars,
And wherefore men must watch, when now the day
Grows shorter, and more soft the summer's heat?
When Spring the rain-bringer comes rushing down,
Or when the beards of harvest on the plain
Bristle already, and the milky corn
On its green stalk is swelling? Many a time,
When now the farmer to his yellow fields
The reaping-hind came bringing, even in act
To lop the brittle barley stems, have I
Seen all the windy legions clash in war
Together, as to rend up far and wide
The heavy corn-crop from its lowest roots,
And toss it skyward: so might winter's flaw,
Dark-eddying, whirl light stalks and flying straws.
Oft too comes looming vast along the sky
A march of waters; mustering from above,
The clouds roll up the tempest, heaped and grim
With angry showers: down falls the height of heaven,
And with a great rain floods the smiling crops,
The oxen's labour: now the dikes fill fast,
And the void river-beds swell thunderously,
And all the panting firths of Ocean boil.

328Ipse pater media nimborum in nocte corusca fulmina molitur dextra; quo maxuma motu 330terra tremit; fugere ferae et mortalia corda per gentis humilis stravit pavor; ille flagranti aut Athon aut Rhodopen aut alta Ceraunia telo deicit; ingeminant austri et densissimus imber; nunc nemora ingenti vento, nunc litora plangunt. 335Hoc metuens caeli menses et sidera serva, frigida Saturni sese quo stella receptet, quos ignis caelo Cyllenius erret in orbis. In primis venerare deos atque annua magnae sacra refer Cereri laetis operatus in herbis 340extremae sub casum hiemis, iam vere sereno. Tum pingues agni et tum mollissima vina, tum somni dulces densaeque in montibus umbrae. Cuncta tibi Cererem pubes agrestis adoret; cui tu lacte favos et miti dilue Baccho, 345terque novas circum felix eat hostia fruges, omnis quam chorus et socii comitentur ovantes, et Cererem clamore vocent in tecta; neque ante falcem maturis quisquam supponat aristis, quam Cereri torta redimitus tempora quercu 350det motus incompositos et carmina dicat.

The Sire himself in midnight of the clouds
Wields with red hand the levin; through all her bulk
Earth at the hurly quakes; the beasts are fled,
And mortal hearts of every kindred sunk
In cowering terror; he with flaming brand
Athos, or Rhodope, or Ceraunian crags
Precipitates: then doubly raves the South
With shower on blinding shower, and woods and coasts
Wail fitfully beneath the mighty blast.
This fearing, mark the months and Signs of heaven,
Whither retires him Saturn's icy star,
And through what heavenly cycles wandereth
The glowing orb Cyllenian. Before all
Worship the Gods, and to great Ceres pay
Her yearly dues upon the happy sward
With sacrifice, anigh the utmost end
Of winter, and when Spring begins to smile.
Then lambs are fat, and wines are mellowest then;
Then sleep is sweet, and dark the shadows fall
Upon the mountains. Let your rustic youth
To Ceres do obeisance, one and all;
And for her pleasure thou mix honeycombs
With milk and the ripe wine-god; thrice for luck
Around the young corn let the victim go,
And all the choir, a joyful company,
Attend it, and with shouts bid Ceres come
To be their house-mate; and let no man dare
Put sickle to the ripened ears until,
With woven oak his temples chapleted,
He foot the rugged dance and chant the lay.

People and places in this passage

English translation by James Rhoades (1921). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: James Rhoades, The Poems of Vergil, London: Oxford University Press, 1921.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.