Virgil · Georgics Georgica

Virgil, Georgics 3.474–566: The plague of Noricum

The poet describes a plague in the Alpine country of Noricum, which a hot autumn, tainted pools and poisoned fodder brought on. It killed cattle and wild animals alike, and victims fell dying at the altar with no omens in their entrails. Horses, dogs, swine and oxen show the signs, and a bull dies in the furrow while his yoke-mate mourns. Fish, snakes and birds die too, the healers Chiron and Melampus fail, Tisiphone drives the sickness on, and the bodies are buried in pits.

Lines 3.474–566 · 830 words · click a number to copy its link
474Tum sciat, aerias Alpis et Norica si quis 475castella in tumulis et Iapydis arva Timavi nunc quoque post tanto videat desertaque regna pastorum et longe saltus lateque vacantis. Hic quondam morbo caeli miseranda coorta est tempestas totoque autumni incanduit aestu 480et genus omne neci pecudum dedit, omne ferarum, corrupitque lacus, infecit pabula tabo. Nec via mortis erat simplex, sed ubi ignea venis omnibus acta sitis miseros adduxerat artus, rursus abundabat fluidus liquor omniaque in se 485ossa minutatim morbo collapsa trahebat. Saepe in honore deum medio stans hostia ad aram lanea dum nivea circumdatur infula vitta, inter cunctantis cecidit moribunda ministros. Aut si quam ferro mactaverat ante sacerdos 490inde neque impositis ardent altaria fibris nec responsa potest consultus reddere vates, ac vix suppositi tinguntur sanguine cultri summaque ieiuna sanie infuscatur harena.

Well would he trow it who, so long after, still
High Alps and Noric hill-forts should behold,
And Iapydian Timavus' fields,
Ay, still behold the shepherds' realms a waste,
And far and wide the lawns untenanted.
Here from distempered heavens erewhile arose
A piteous season, with the full fierce heat
Of autumn glowed, and cattle-kindreds all
And all wild creatures to destruction gave,
Tainted the pools, the fodder charged with bane.
Nor simple was the way of death, but when
Hot thirst through every vein impelled had drawn
Their wretched limbs together, anon o'erflowed
A watery flux, and all their bones piecemeal
Sapped by corruption to itself absorbed.
Oft in mid sacrifice to heaven—the white
Wool-woven fillet half wreathed about his brow—
Some victim, standing by the altar, there
Betwixt the loitering carles a-dying fell:
Or, if betimes the slaughtering priest had struck,
Nor with its heaped entrails blazed the pile,
Nor seer to seeker thence could answer yield;
Nay, scarce the up-stabbing knife with blood was stained,
Scarce sullied with thin gore the surface-sand.

494Hinc laetis vituli volgo moriuntur in herbis 495et dulcis animas plena ad praesepia reddunt; hinc canibus blandis rabies venit et quatit aegros tussis anhela sues ac faucibus angit obesis. Labitur infelix studiorum atque immemor herbae victor equus fontisque avertitur et pede terram 500crebra ferit; demissae aures, incertus ibidem sudor et ille quidem morituris frigidus, aret pellis et ad tactum tractanti dura resistit. Haec ante exitium primis dant signa diebus; sin in processu coepit crudescere morbus, 505tum vero ardentes oculi atque attractus ab alto spiritus, interdum gemitu gravis, imaque longo ilia singultu tendunt, it naribus ater sanguis et obsessas fauces premit aspera lingua. Profuit inserto latices infundere cornu 510Lenaeos; ea visa salus morientibus una; mox erat hoc ipsum exitio, furiisque refecti ardebant ipsique suos iam morte sub aegra, di meliora piis erroremque hostibus illum, discissos nudis laniabant dentibus artus.

Hence die the calves in many a pasture fair,
Or at full cribs their lives' sweet breath resign;
Hence on the fawning dog comes madness, hence
Racks the sick swine a gasping cough that chokes
With swelling at the jaws: the conquering steed,
Uncrowned of effort and heedless of the sward,
Faints, turns him from the springs, and paws the earth
With ceaseless hoof: low droop his ears, wherefrom
Bursts fitful sweat, a sweat that waxes cold
Upon the dying beast; the skin is dry,
And rigidly repels the handler's touch.
These earlier signs they give that presage doom.
But, if the advancing plague 'gin fiercer grow,
Then are their eyes all fire, deep-drawn their breath,
At times groan-laboured: with long sobbing heave
Their lowest flanks; from either nostril streams
Black blood; a rough tongue clogs the obstructed jaws.
'Twas helpful through inverted horn to pour
Draughts of the wine-god down; sole way it seemed
To save the dying: soon this too proved their bane,
And, reinvigorate but with frenzy's fire,
Even at death's pinch—the gods some happier fate
Deal to the just, such madness to their foes—
Each with bared teeth his own limbs mangling tore.

515Ecce autem duro fumans sub vomere taurus concidit et mixtum spumis vomit ore cruorem extremosque ciet gemitus. It tristis arator maerentem abiungens fraterna morte iuvencum, atque opere in medio defixa relinquit aratra. 520Non umbrae altorum nemorum, non mollia possunt prata movere animum, non qui per saxa volutus purior electro campum petit amnis; at ima solvuntur latera atque oculos stupor urguet inertis ad terramque fluit devexo pondere cervix. 525Quid labor aut benefacta iuvant? Quid vomere terras invertisse gravis? Atqui non Massica Bacchi munera, non illis epulae nocuere repostae: frondibus et victu pascuntur simplicis herbae, pocula sunt fontes liquidi atque exercita cursu 530flumina, nec somnos abrumpit cura salubris. Tempore non alio dicunt regionibus illis quaesitas ad sacra boves Iunonis et uris imparibus ductos alta ad donaria currus.

See! as he smokes beneath the stubborn share,
The bull drops, vomiting foam-dabbled gore,
And heaves his latest groans. Sad goes the swain,
Unhooks the steer that mourns his fellow's fate,
And in mid labour leaves the plough-gear fast.
Nor tall wood's shadow, nor soft sward may stir
That heart's emotion, nor rock-channelled flood,
More pure than amber speeding to the plain:
But see! his flanks fail under him, his eyes
Are dulled with deadly torpor, and his neck
Sinks to the earth with drooping weight.
What now
Besteads him toil or service? to have turned
The heavy sod with ploughshare? And yet these
Ne'er knew the Massic wine-god's baneful boon,
Nor twice replenished banquets: but on leaves
They fare, and virgin grasses, and their cups
Are crystal springs and streams with running tired,
Their healthful slumbers never broke by care.
Then only, say they, through that country side
For Juno's rites were cattle far to seek,
And ill-matched buffaloes the chariots drew
To their high fanes.

534Ergo aegre rastris terram rimantur et ipsis 535unguibus infodiunt fruges montisque per altos contenta cervice trahunt stridentia plaustra. Non lupus insidias explorat ovilia circum nec gregibus nocturnus obambulat; acrior illum cura domat; timidi dammae cervique fugaces 540nunc interque canes et circum tecta vagantur. Iam maris immensi prolem et genus omne natantum litore in extremo, ceu naufraga corpora, fluctus proluit; insolitae fugiunt in flumina phocae. Interit et curvis frustra defensa latebris 545vipera et attoniti squamis adstantibus hydri. Ipsis est aer avibus non aequus et illae praecipites alta vitam sub nube relinquunt. Praeterea iam nec mutari pabula refert artes nocent quaesitaeque; cessere magistri 550Phillyrides Chiron Amythaoniusque Melampus. Saevit et in lucem Stygiis emissa tenebris pallida Tisiphone Morbos agit ante Metumque, inque dies avidum surgens caput altius effert: Balatu pecorum et crebris mugitibus amnes 555arentesque sonant ripae collesque supini: Iamque catervatim dat stragem atque aggerat ipsis in stabulis turpi dilapsa cadavera tabo donec humo tegere ac foveis abscondere discunt. Nam neque erat coriis usus nec viscera quisquam 560aut undis abolere potest aut vincere flamma; ne tondere quidem morbo inluvieque peresa vellera nec telas possunt attingere putris; verum etiam invisos si quis temptarat amictus, ardentes papulae atque immundus olentia sudor 565membra sequebatur nec longo deinde moranti tempore contactos artus sacer ignis edebat.

So, painfully with rakes
They grub the soil, aye, with their very nails
Dig in the corn-seeds, and with strained neck
O'er the high uplands drag the creaking wains.
No wolf for ambush pries about the pen,
Nor round the flock prowls nightly; pain more sharp
Subdues him: the shy deer and fleet-foot stags
With hounds now wander by the haunts of men
Vast ocean's offspring, and all tribes that swim,
On the shore's confine the wave washes up,
Like shipwrecked bodies: seals, unwonted there,
Flee to the rivers. Now the viper dies,
For all his den's close winding, and with scales
Erect the astonied water-worms. The air
Brooks not the very birds, that headlong fall,
And leave their life beneath the soaring cloud.
Moreover now nor change of fodder serves,
And subtlest cures but injure; then were foiled
The masters, Chiron sprung from Phillyron,
And Amythaon's son Melampus. See!
From Stygian darkness launched into the light
Comes raging pale Tisiphone; she drives
Disease and fear before her, day by day
Still rearing higher that all-devouring head.
With bleat of flocks and lowings thick resound
Rivers and parched banks and sloping heights.
At last in crowds she slaughters them, she chokes
The very stalls with carrion-heaps that rot
In hideous corruption, till men learn
With earth to cover them, in pits to hide.
For e'en the fells are useless; nor the flesh
With water may they purge, or tame with fire,
Nor shear the fleeces even, gnawed through and through
With foul disease, nor touch the putrid webs;
But, had one dared the loathly weeds to try,
Red blisters and an unclean sweat o'erran
His noisome limbs, till, no long tarriance made,
The fiery curse his tainted frame devoured.

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English translation by James Rhoades (1921). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: James Rhoades, The Poems of Vergil, London: Oxford University Press, 1921.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.