Virgil · Aeneid Aeneis

Virgil, Aeneid 12.697–790: The duel

Aeneas and Turnus meet in single combat while both armies watch, and Zeus (Jupiter) weighs their fates. Turnus's sword breaks on Aeneas's armor, because he took the wrong weapon, and he flees. Aeneas's spear sticks in a sacred olive stump, Juturna returns Turnus's sword, and Aphrodite (Venus) frees Aeneas's spear so the fight can start again.

Lines 12.697–790 · 939 words · click a number to copy its link
697At pater Aeneas audito nomine Turni deserit et muros et summas deserit arces praecipitatque moras omnis, opera omnia rumpit, 700laetitia exsultans, horrendumque intonat armis; quantus Athos aut quantus Eryx aut ipse coruscis cum fremit ilicibus quantus gaudetque nivali vertice se attollens pater Appenninus ad auras. Iam vero et Rutuli certatim et Troes et omnes 705convertere oculos Itali, quique alta tenebant moenia quique imos pulsabant ariete muros, armaque deposuere umeris. Stupet ipse Latinus ingentis, genitos diversis partibus orbis, inter se coiisse viros et cernere ferro. 710Atque illi, ut vacuo patuerunt aequore campi, procursu rapido, coniectis eminus hastis, invadunt Martem clipeis atque aere sonoro. Dat gemitum tellus; tum crebros ensibus ictus congeminant: fors et virtus miscentur in unum.

But Sire Aeneas, hearing Turnus' name,
down the steep rampart from the citadel
unlingering tried, all lesser task laid by,
with joy exultant and dread-thundering arms.
Like Athos' crest he loomed, or soaring top
of Eryx, when the nodding oaks resound,
or sovereign Apennine that lifts in air
his forehead of triumphant snow. All eyes
of Troy, Rutulia, and Italy
were fixed his way; and all who kept a guard
on lofty rampart, or in siege below
were battering the foundations, now laid by
their implements and arms. Latinus too
stood awestruck to behold such champions, born
in lands far-sundered, met upon one field
for one decisive stroke of sword with sword.
Swift striding forth where spread the vacant plain,
they hurled their spears from far; then in close fight
the brazen shields rang. Beneath their tread
Earth groaned aloud, as with redoubling blows
their falchions fell; nor could a mortal eye
'twixt chance and courage the dread work divide.

715Ac velut ingenti Sila summove Taburno cum duo conversis inimica in proelia tauri frontibus incurrunt; pavidi cessere magistri, stat pecus omne metu mutum mussantque iuvencae, quis nemori imperitet, quem tota armenta sequantur; 720illi inter sese multa vi volnera miscent cornuaque obnixi infigunt et sanguine largo colla armosque lavant; gemitu nemus omne remugit: non alitur Tros Aeneas et Daunius heros concurrunt clipeis; ingens fragor aethera complet. 725Iuppiter ipse duas aequato examine lances sustinet et fata imponit diversa duorum, quem damnet labor et quo vergat pondere letum; Emicat hic, impune putans, et corpore toto alte sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem 730et ferit: exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, arrectaeque amborum acies. At perfidus ensis frangitur in medioque ardentem deserit ictu […] ni fuga subsidio subeat. Fugit ocior euro, ut capulum ignotum dextramque aspexit inermem.

As o'er Taburnus' top, or spacious hills
of Sila, in relentless shock of war,
two bulls rush brow to brow, while terror-pale
the herdsmen fly; the herd is hushed with fear;
the heifers dumbly marvel which shall be
true monarch of the grove, whom all the kine
obedient follow; but the rival twain,
commingling mightily wound after wound,
thrust with opposing horns, and bathe their necks
in streams of blood; the forest far and wide
repeats their bellowing rage: not otherwise
Trojan Aeneas and King Daunus' son
clashed shield on shield, till all the vaulted sky
felt the tremendous sound. The hand of Jove
held scales in equipoise, and threw thereon
th' unequal fortunes of the heroes twain:
one to vast labors doomed and one to die.
Soon Turnus, reckless of the risk, leaped forth,
upreached his whole height to his lifted sword,
and struck: the Trojans and the Latins pale
cried mightily, and all eyes turned one way
expectant. But the weak, perfidious sword
broke off, and as the blow descended, failed
its furious master, whose sole succor now
was flight; and swifter than the wind he flew.

735Fama est praecipitem, cum prima in proelia iunctos conscendebat equos, patrio mucrone relicto, dum trepidat, ferrum aurigae rapuisse Metisci. Idque diu, dum terga dabant palantia Teucri, suffecit: postquam arma dei ad Volcania ventumst, 740mortalis mucro glacies ceu futilis ictu dissiluit; fulva resplendent fragmina harena. Ergo amens diversa fuga petit aequora Turnus et nunc huc, inde huc incertos implicat orbes undique enim densa Teucri inclusere corona, 745atque hinc vasta palus, hinc ardua moenia cingunt. Nec minus Aeneas, quamquam tardata sagitta interdum genua impediunt cursumque recusant, insequitur trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget: inclusum veluti siquando flumine nanctus 750cervum aut puniceae saeptum formidine pinnae venator cursu canis et latratibus instat; ille autem, insidiis et ripa territus alta, mille fugit refugitque vias; at vividus Umber haeret hians, iam iamque tenet similisque tenenti 755increpuit malis morsuque elusus inani est.

But, lo! a hilt of form and fashion strange
lay in his helpless hand. For in his haste,
when to the battle-field his team he drove,
his father's sword forgotten (such the tale),
he snatched Metiscus' weapon. This endured
to strike at Trojan backs, as he pursued,
but when on Vulcan's armory divine
its earthly metal smote, the brittle blade
broke off like ice, and o'er the yellow sands
in flashing fragments scattered. Turnus now
takes mad flight o'er the distant plain, and winds
in wavering gyration round and round;
for Troy's close ring confines him, and one way
a wide swamp lies, one way a frowning wall.
But lo! Aeneas—though the arrow's wound
still slackens him and oft his knees refuse
their wonted step—pursues infuriate
his quailing foe, and dogs him stride for stride.
As when a stag-hound drives the baffled roe
to torrent's edge (or where the flaunting snare
of crimson feathers fearfully confines)
and with incessant barking swift pursues;
while through the snared copse or embankment high
the frightened creature by a thousand ways
doubles and turns; but that keen Umbrian hound
with wide jaws, undesisting, grasps his prey,
or, thinking that he grasps it, snaps his teeth
cracking together, and deludes his rage,
devouring empty air: then peal on peal
the cry of hunters bursts; the lake and shore
reecho, and confusion fills the sky:—
such was the flight of Turnus, who reviled
the Rutules as he fled, and loudly sued
of each by name to fetch his own lost sword.

756Tum vero exoritur clamor, ripaeque lacusque responsant circa et caelum tonat omne tumultu. Ille simul fugiens Rutulos simul increpat omnis, nomine quemque vocans, notumque efflagitat ensem. 760Aeneas mortem contra praesensque minatur exitium, si quisquam adeat, terretque trementis excisurum urbem minitans et saucius instat. Quinque orbis explent cursu totidemque retexunt huc illuc; neque enim levia aut ludicra petuntur 765praemia, sed Turni de vita et sanguine certant. Forte sacer Fauno foliis oleaster amaris hic steterat, nautis olim venerabile lignum, servati ex undis ubi figere dona solebant Laurenti divo et votas suspendere vestes, 770sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum sustulerant, puro ut possent concurrere campo. Hic hasta Aeneae stabat, huc impetus illam detulerat fixam et lenta in radice tenebat. Incubuit voluitque manu convellere ferrum 775Dardanides teloque sequi, quem prendere cursu non poterat. Tum vero amens formidine Turnus Faune, precor, miserere, inquit, tuque optima ferrum terra tene, colui vestros si semper honores, quos contra Aeneadae bello fecere profanos. 780Dixit opemque dei non cassa in vota vocavit. Namque diu luctans lentoque in stirpe moratus viribus haud ullis valuit discludere morsus roboris Aeneas. Dum nititur acer et instat, rursus in aurigae faciem mutata Metisci 785procurrit fratrique ensem dea Daunia reddit. Quod Venus audaci nymphae indignata licere adcessit telumque alta ab radice revellit. Olli sublimes armis animisque refecti, hic gladio fidens, hic acer et arduus hasta, 790adsistunt contra certamina Martis anheli.

Aeneas vowed destruction and swift death
to all who dared come near, and terrified
their trembling souls with menace that his power
would raze their city to the ground. Straightway,
though wounded, he gave chase, and five times round
in circles ran; then winding left and right
coursed the swift circles o'er. For, lo! the prize
is no light laurel or a youthful game:
for Turnus' doom and death their race is run.
But haply in that place a sacred tree,
a bitter-leaved wild-olive, once had grown,
to Faunus dear, and venerated oft
by mariners safe-rescued from the waves,
who nailed their gifts thereon, or hung in air
their votive garments to Laurentum's god.
But, heeding not, the Teucrians had shorn
the stem away, to clear the field for war.
'T was here Aeneas' lance stuck fast; its speed
had driven it firmly inward, and it clave
to the hard, clinging root. Anchises' son
bent o'er it, and would wrench his weapon free,
and follow with a far-flung javelin
the swift out-speeding foe. But Turnus then,
bewildered and in terror, cried aloud:
“O Faunus, pity me and heed my prayer!
Hold fast his weapon, O benignant Earth!
If ere these hands have rendered offering due,
where yon polluting Teucrians fight and slay.”
He spoke; invoking succor of the god,
with no Iost prayer. For tugging valiantly
and laboring long against the stubborn stem,
Aeneas with his whole strength could but fail
to loose the clasping tree. While fiercely thus
he strove and strained, Juturna once again,
wearing the charioteer Metiscus' shape,
ran to her brother's aid, restoring him
his own true sword. But Venus, wroth to see
what license to the dauntless nymph was given,
herself came near, and plucked from that deep root
the javelin forth. So both with lofty mien
strode forth new-armed, new-hearted: one made bold
by his good sword, the other, spear in hand,
uptowered in wrath, and with confronting brows
they set them to the war-god's breathless game.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Theodore C. Williams (1910). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Theodore C. Williams, The Aeneid of Virgil, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.