Lycophron · Alexandra Ἀλεξάνδρα

Lycophron, Alexandra 1–114: Alexandra 1–114: The slave's report; Troy burnt before, and the judge of three goddesses sails to seize a wife

A slave appointed to watch Cassandra tells Priam that he will repeat her prophecies, which she once poured out in confused riddling cries like the Sphinx's. As the Greek sailors loose their cables at dawn, she begins by lamenting a city already burnt once before by a hero called a lion begotten in three evenings, and sees it fired a second time. She then turns on a herdsman-turned-sailor, once the judge of the beauty of three goddesses, and foretells that a ship will carry him to Gytheion, where he will seize a woman like a wolf taking a heifer.

Lines 1–114 · 949 words · click a number to copy its link
1λέξω τὰ πάντα νητρεκῶς, ἅ μʼ ἱστορεῖς, ἀρχῆς ἀπʼ ἄκρας· ἢν δὲ μηκυνθῇ λόγος, σύγγνωθι δέσποτʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἥσυχος κόρη ἔλυσε χρησμῶν, ὡς πρίν, αἰόλον στόμα, 5ἀλλʼ ἄσπετον χέασα παμμιγῆ βοὴν δαφνηφάγων φοίβαζεν ἐκ λαιμῶν ὄπα, Σφιγγὸς κελαινῆς γῆρυν ἐκμιμουμένη. τῶν ἅσσα θυμῷ καὶ διὰ μνήμης ἔχω, κλύοις ἄν, ὦναξ, κἀναπεμπάζων φρενὶ 10πυκνῇ διοίχνει δυσφάτους αἰνιγμάτων οἴμας τυλίσσων, ᾗπερ εὐμαθὴς τρίβος ὀρθῇ κελεύθῳ τἀν σκότῳ ποδηγετεῖ. ἐγὼ δʼ ἄκραν βαλβῖδα μηρίνθου σχάσας, ἄνειμι λοξῶν εἰς διεξόδους ἐπῶν, 15πρώτην ἀράξας νύσσαν ὡς πτηνὸς δρομεύς. Ἠὼς μὲν αἰπὺν ἄρτι Φηγίου πάγον κραιπνοῖς ὑπερποτᾶτο Πηγάσου πτεροῖς, Τιθωνὸν ἐν κοίταισι τῆς Κέρνης πέλας λιποῦσα, τὸν σὸν ἀμφιμήτριον κάσιν.

The speaker is a slave appointed to watch Cassandra and

report her prophecies. He addresses Priam. All will I tell truly that thou askest from the utter beginning, and if the tale be prolonged, forgive me, master. For not quietly as of old did the maiden loose the varied voice of her oracles, but poured forth a weird confused cry, and uttered wild words from her bay-chewing mouth, imitating the speech of the dark Sphinx. Thereof what in heart and memory I hold, hear thou, O King, and, pondering with wise mind, wind and pursue the obscure paths of her riddles; whereso a clear track guides by a straight way through things wrapped in darkness. And I, cutting the utter bounding thread, will trace her paths of devious speech, striking the starting- point like winged runner.

Dawn, was just soaring over the steep crag of Phegion on swift wings of Pegasus, leaving in his bed by Cerne Tithonus, brother of thine by another mother, and the sailors loosed in calm weather the cables from the grooved rock and cut the landward ropes.

20οἱ δʼ οὖσα γρώνης εὐγάληνα χερμάδος ναῦται λίαζον κἀπὸ γῆς ἐσχάζοσαν ὕσπληγγας. αἱ δὲ παρθενοκτόνον Θέτιν ἰουλόπεζοι θεῖνον εὐῶπες σπάθαις πελαργοχρῶτες, αἱ Φαλακραῖαι κόραι, 25ὑπὲρ Καλυδνῶν λευκὰ φαίνουσαι πτίλα, ἄφλαστα, καὶ φώσσωνας ὠργυιωμένους ἀπαρκτίαις πρηστῆρος αἴθωνος πνοαῖς. ἡ δʼ ἔνθεον σχάσασα βακχεῖον στόμα, ἄτης ἀπʼ ἄκρων βουπλανοκτίστων λόφων, 30τοιῶνδʼ ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς ἦρχʼ Ἀλεξάνδρα λόγων· αἰαῖ, τάλαινα θηλαμών, κεκαυμένη καὶ πρόσθε μὲν πεύκαισιν οὐλαμηφόροις τριεσπέρου λέοντος, ὅν ποτε γνάθοις Τρίτωνος ἠμάλαψε κάρχαρος κύων· 35ἔμπνους δὲ δαιτρὸς ἡπάτων φλοιδούμενος τινθῷ λέβητος ἀφλόγοις ἐπʼ ἐσχάραις σμήριγγας ἐστάλαξε κωδείας πέδῳ, ὁ τεκνοραίστης, λυμεὼν ἐμῆς πάτρας, ὁ δευτέραν τεκοῦσαν ἄτρωτον βαρεῖ 40τύψας ἀτράκτῳ στέρνον, ἔν τʼ αὐλῷ μέσῳ πατρὸς παλαιστοῦ χερσὶν ὀχμάσας δέμας

And the centipede fair-faced stork-hued daughters of Phalacra smote maiden-slaying Thetis with their blades, over Calydnae showing their white wings, their stern-ornaments, their sails outspread by the northern blasts of flaming stormwind: then Alexandra opened her inspired Bacchic lips on the high Hill of Doom that was founded by the wandering cow and thus began to speak:

Alas! hapless nurse of mine burnt even aforetime by the warlike pineships of the lion that was begotten in three evenings, whom of old Triton’s hound of jagged teeth devoured with his jaws. But he, a living carver of the monster’s liver, seething in steam of cauldron on a flameless hearth, shed to ground the bristles of his head; he the slayer of his children, the destroyer of my fatherland; who smote his second mother invulnerable with grievous shaft upon the breast; who, too, in the midst of the racecourse seized in his arms the body of his wrestler sire beside the steep hill of Cronus, where is the horse-affrighting tomb of earth-born Ischenus; who also slew the fierce hound that watched the narrow straits of the Ausonian sea, fishing over her cave, the bull-slaying lioness whom. her father restored again to life, burning her flesh with brands: she who feared not Leptynis, goddess of the underworld.

42Κρόνου παρʼ αἰπὺν ὄχθον, ἔνθα γηγενοῦς ἵππων ταρακτής ἐστιν Ἰσχένου τάφος, ὁ τὴν θαλάσσης Αὐσονίτιδος μυχοὺς 45στενοὺς ὀπιπεύουσαν ἀγρίαν κύνα κτανὼν ὑπὲρ σπήλυγγος ἰχθυωμένην, ταυροσφάγον λέαιναν, ἣν αὖθις πατὴρ σάρκας καταίθων λοφνίσιν δωμήσατο, Λέπτυνιν οὐ τρέμουσαν, οὐδαίαν θεόν· 50ἐξηνάριξεν ὅν ποτʼ ἀξίφῳ δόλῳ νέκυς, τὸν Ἅιδην δεξιούμενον πάλαι· λεύσσω σε, τλῆμον, δεύτερον πυρουμένην ταῖς τʼ Αἰακείοις χερσὶ τοῖς τε Ταντάλου Λέτριναν οἰκουροῦσι λειψάνοις πυρὸς 55παιδὸς καταβρωθέντος αἰθάλῳ δέμας, τοῖς Τευταρείοις βουκόλου πτερώμασι· τὰ πάντα πρὸς φῶς ἡ βαρύζηλος δάμαρ, στείλασα κοῦρον τὸν κατήγορον χθονός, ἄξει, πατρὸς μομφαῖσιν ἠγριωμένη, 60λέκτρων θʼ ἕκατι τῶν τʼ ἐπεισάκτων γάμων. αὐτὴ δὲ φαρμακουργός, οὐκ ἰάσιμον ἕλκος δρακοῦσα τοῦ ξυνευνέτου λυγρὸν Γιγαντοραίστοις ἄρδισιν τετρωμένου

But one day with swordless guile a dead corse slew him: yea, even him who of old overcame Hades; I see thee, hapless city, fired a second time by Aeaceian hands and by such remains as the funeral fire spared to abide in Letrina of the son of Tantalus when his body was devoured by the flames, with the winged shafts of the neat-herd Teutarus; all which things the jealous spouse shall bring to light, sending her son to indicate the land, angered by her father’s taunts, for her bed’s sake and because of the alien bride. And herself, the skilled in drugs, seeing the baleful wound incurable of her husband wounded by the giant-slaying arrows of

64πρὸς ἀνθοπλίτου, ξυνὸν ὀγχήσει μόρον, 65πύργων ἀπʼ ἄκρων πρὸς νεόδμητον νέκυν ῥοιζηδὸν ἐκβράσασα κύμβαχον δέμας· πόθῳ δὲ τοῦ θανόντος ἠγκιστρωμένη, ψυχὴν περὶ σπαίροντι φυσήσει νεκρῷ. στένω, στένω σε δισσὰ καὶ τριπλᾶ, δορὸς 70αὖθις πρὸς ἀλκὴν καὶ διαρπαγὰς δόμων καὶ πῦρ ἐναυγάζουσαν αἰστωτήριον. στένω σε, πάτρα, καὶ τάφους Ἀτλαντίδος δύπτου κέλωρος, ὅς ποτʼ ἐν ῥαπτῷ κύτει, ὁποῖα πορκὸς Ἰστριεὺς τετρασκελής, 75ἀσκῷ μονήρης ἀμφελυτρώσας δέμας, Ῥειθυμνιάτης κέπφος ὣς ἐνήξατο, Ζήρυνθον ἄντρον τῆς κυνοσφαγοῦς θεᾶς λιπὼν ἐρυμνὸν κτίσμα Κυρβάντων Σάον, ὅτʼ ἠμάθυνε πᾶσαν ὀμβρήσας χθόνα 80Ζηνὸς καχλάζων νασμός· οἱ δὲ πρὸς πέδῳ πύργοι κατηρείποντο, τοὶ δὲ λοισθίαν νήχοντο μοῖραν προὐμμάτων δεδορκότες. φηγὸν δὲ καὶ δρύκαρπα καὶ γλυκὺν βότρυν φάλλαι τε καὶ δελφῖνες αἵ τʼ ἐπʼ ἀρσένων 85φέρβοντο φῶκαι λέκτρα θουρῶσαι βροτῶν. λεύσσω θέοντα γρυνὸν ἐπτερωμένον τρήρωνος εἰς ἅρπαγμα Πεφναίας κυνός, ἣν τόργος ὑγρόφοιτος ἐκλοχεύεται, κελυφάνου στρόβιλον ὠστρακωμένην. 90καὶ δή σε ναύτην Ἁχερουσία τρίβος

his adversary, shall endure to share his doom, from the topmost towers to the new slain corpse hurtling herself head foremost, and pierced by sorrow for the dead shall breathe forth her soul on the quivering body.

I mourn, mourn twice and three times for thee who lookest again to the battle of the spear and the harrying of thy halls and the destroying fire. I mourn for thee, my country, and for the grave of Atlas’ daughter’s diver son, who of old in a stitched vessel, like an Istrian fish-creel with four legs, sheathed his body in a leathern sack and, all alone, swam like a petrel of Rheithymnia, leaving Zerynthos, cave of the goddess to whom dogs are slain, even Saos, the strong foundation of the Cyrbantes, what time the plashing rain of Zeus laid waste with deluge all the earth. And their towers were hurled to the ground, and the people set themselves to swim, seeing their final doom before their eyes. And on oat and acorn and the sweet grape browsed the whales and the dolphins and the seals that are fain of the beds of mortal men.

I see the winged firebrand ὍΠΗ to seize the dove, the hound of Pephnos, whom the water-roaming vulture brought to birth, husked in a rounded shell.

And thee, cuckold sailor, the downward path of

91καταιβάτις πύγαργον, οὐ πατρὸς κόπρους στείβοντα ῥακτῶν βουστάθμων, ξενώσεται, ὡς πρόσθε, κάλλους τὸν θυωρίτην τριπλαῖς. ἀλλʼ ὀστρίμων μὲν ἀντὶ Γαμφηλὰς ὄνου 95καὶ Λᾶν περάσεις, ἀντὶ δʼ εὐχίλου κάπης καὶ μηλιαυθμῶν ἠδὲ χερσαίας πλάτης τράμπις σʼ ὀχήσει καὶ Φερέκλειοι πόδες δισσὰς σαλάμβας κἀπὶ Γυθείου πλάκας, ἐν αἷσι πρὸς κύνουρα καμπύλους σχάσας 100πεύκης ὀδόντας, ἕκτορας πλημμυρίδος, σκαρθμῶν ἰαύσεις εἰναφώσσωνα στόλον. καὶ τὴν ἄνυμφον πόρτιν ἁρπάσας λύκος, δυοῖν πελειαῖν ὠρφανισμένην γονῆς καὶ δευτέραν εἰς ἄρκυν ὀθνείων βρόχων 105ληῖτιν ἐμπταίσασαν ἰξευτοῦ πτερῷ, Θύσαισιν ἁρμοῖ μηλάτων ἀπάργματα φλέγουσαν ἐν κρόκαισι καὶ Βύνῃ θεᾷ, θρέξεις ὑπὲρ Σκάνδειαν Αἰγίλου τʼ ἄκραν, αἴθων ἐπακτὴρ καγχαλῶν ἀγρεύματι. 110νήσῳ δʼ ἐνὶ δράκοντος ἐκχέας πόθον Ἀκτῆς, διμόρφου γηγενοῦς σκηπτουχίας, τὴν δευτέραν ἕωλον οὐκ ὄψει Κύπριν, ψυχρὸν παραγκάλισμα κἀξ ὀνειράτων κεναῖς ἀφάσσων ὠλέναισι δέμνια.

Acheron shall receive, walking no more the byres of thy father’s rugged steadings, as once when. thou wert arbiter of beauty for the three goddesses. But in place of stables thou shalt pass the Jaws of the Ass and Las, and instead of well-foddered crib and sheepfold and landsman’s blade a ship and oars of Phereclus shall carry thee to the two thoroughfares and the levels of Gytheion, where, on the rocks dropping the bent teeth of the pine-ship’s anchors: to guard against the flood, thou shalt rest from gambols thy nine-sailed fleet.

And when thou, the wolf, shalt have seized the unwed heifer, robbed of her two dove daughters and fallen into a second net of alien snares and caught by the decoy of the fowler, even while upon the beach she burns the firstlings of the flocks to the Thysad nymphs and the goddess Byne, then shalt thou speed past Scandeia and past the cape of Aegilon, a fierce hunter exulting in thy capture.

And in the Dragon’s Isle of Acte, dominion of the twyformed son of earth, thou shalt put from thee thy desire; but thou shalt see no morrow's aftermath of love, fondling in empty arms a chill embrace and a dreamland bed. For the sullen

People and places in this passage

English translation by A. W. Mair (1921). Original text: A. W. Mair and G. R. Mair (eds. and trs.), Callimachus and Lycophron, Aratus, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1921 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus, tlg0341.tlg002 perseus-grc2).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (OCR from the Internet Archive scan). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.