Lycophron · Alexandra Ἀλεξάνδρα

Lycophron, Alexandra 115–251: Alexandra 115–251: The wife of five husbands; the heifer sacrificed to the winds; Cassandra's regret for ignored oracles

Cassandra warns the seaman that a man of justice will rob him of his bride, and that he will come back to his burnt country embracing the wraith of a woman married five times. Her five bridegrooms are described through riddling epithets, among them two wolf-eagles, a half-Cretan stranger and a man who pines for her phantom face in his dreams. The Greeks then sacrifice a heifer to the blustering winds, a hind saving her from the knife, and Cassandra wishes her father had heeded the oracles and destroyed the two in one doom. The section closes with children shut in a chest, Ares dancing over the land, and the fields bristling with spears.

Lines 115–251 · 1180 words · click a number to copy its link
115ὁ γάρ σε συλλέκτροιο Φλεγραίας πόσις στυγνὸς Τορώνης, ᾧ γέλως ἀπέχθεται καὶ δάκρυ, νῆις δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ τητώμενος ἀμφοῖν, ὁ Θρῄκης ἔκ ποτʼ εἰς ἐπακτίαν Τρίτωνος ἐκβολαῖσιν ἠλοκισμένην 120χέρσον περάσας, οὐχὶ ναυβάτῃ στόλῳ, ἀλλʼ ἀστίβητον οἶμον, οἷά τις σιφνεύς, κευθμῶνος ἐν σήραγγι τετρήνας μυχούς, νέρθεν θαλάσσης ἀτραποὺς διήνυσε, τέκνων ἀλύξας τὰς ξενοκτόνους πάλας 125καὶ πατρὶ πέμψας τὰς ἐπηκόους λιτὰς στῆσαι παλίμπουν εἰς πάτραν, ὅθεν πλάνης Παλληνίαν ἐπῆλθε γηγενῶν τροφόν— κεῖνός σε, Γουνεὺς ὥσπερ, ἐργάτης δίκης τῆς θʼ Ἡλίου θυγατρὸς Ἰχναίας βραβεύς, 130ἐπεσβολήσας λυγρὰ νοσφιεῖ γάμων, λίπτοντα κάσσης ἐκβαλὼν πελειάδος· ὃς τοὺς Λύκου τε καὶ Χιμαιρέως τάφους χρησμοῖσι κυδαίνοντας οὐκ αἰδούμενος οὐδʼ Ἀνθέως ἔρωτας οὐδὲ τὸν ξένοις 135σύνδορπον Αἰγαίωνος ἁγνίτην πάγον ἔτλης θεῶν ἀλοιτὸς ἐκβῆναι δίκην,

husband, whose spouse is Torone of Phlegra, even he to whom laughter and tears are alike abhorred and who is ignorant and reft of both; who once on a time crossed from Thrace unto the coastland which is furrowed by the outflow of Triton; crossed not by sailing ship but by an untrodden path, like some moldwarp, boring a secret passage in the cloven earth, made his ways beneath the sea, avoiding the stranger-slaying wrestling of his sons and sending to his sire prayers which were heard, even that he should set him with returning feet in his fatherland, whence he had come as a wanderer to Pallenia, nurse of the earth-born—he, like Guneus, a doer of justice and arbiter of the Sun’s daughter of Ichnae, shall assail thee with evil words and rob thee of thy bridal, casting thee forth in thy desire from thy wanton dove: thee who, regarding not the tombs of Lycus and Chimaereus, glorious in oracles, nor thy love of Antheus nor the pure salt of Aigaeon eaten by host and guest together, didst dare to sin, against the gods and to overstep justice, kicking the

137λάξας τράπεζαν κἀνακυπώσας Θέμιν, ἄρκτου τιθήνης ἐκμεμαγμένος τρόπους. τοιγὰρ ψαλάξεις εἰς κενὸν νευρᾶς κτύπον, 140ἄσιτα κἀδώρητα φορμίζων μέλη· κλαίων δὲ πάτραν τὴν πρὶν ᾐθαλωμένην ἵξῃ χεροῖν εἴδωλον ἠγκαλισμένος τῆς πενταλέκτρου θυιάδος Πλευρωνίας. γυιαὶ γὰρ εὐναστῆρας ἄμναμοι τριπλαῖς 145πήναις κατεκλώσαντο δηναιᾶς Ἁλός νυμφεῖα πεντάγαμβρα δαίσασθαι γάμων. δοιὼ μὲν ἁρπακτῆρας αὐγάσει λύκους, πτηνοὺς τριόρχας αἰετοὺς ὀφθαλμίας, τὸν δʼ ἐκ Πλυνοῦ τε κἀπὸ Καρικῶν ποτῶν 150βλαστόντα ῥίζης, ἡμικρῆτα βάρβαρον, Ἐπειόν, οὐκ Ἀργεῖον ἀκραιφνῆ γοναῖς. οὗ πάππον ἐν γαμφαῖσιν Ἐνναία ποτὲ Ἕρκυννʼ Ἐρινὺς Θουρία Ξιφηφόρος ἄσαρκα μιστύλασα τύμβευσεν φάρῳ, 155τὸν ὠλενίτην χόνδρον ἐνδατουμένη. ὃν δὴ δὶς ἡβήσαντα καὶ βαρὺν πόθον

table and overturning Themis, modelled in the ways of the she-bear that suckled thee.

Therefore in vain shalt thou twang the noisy bowstring, making melodies that bring nor food nor fee; and in sorrow shalt thou come to thy fatherland that was burnt of old, embracing in thine arms the wraith of the five-times-married frenzied descendant of Pleuron. For the lame daughters of the ancient Sea with triple thread have decreed that her bedfellows shall share their marriage-feast among five bridegrooms.

Two shall she see as ravening wolves, winged wanton eagles of sharp eyes; the third sprung from root of Plynos and Carian waters, a half-Cretan barbarian, an Epeian, no genuine Argive by birth: whose grandfather of old Ennaia Hercynna Erinys Thuria, the Sword-bearer, cut fleshless with her jaws and buried in her throat, devouring the gristle of his shoulder: his who came to youth again and

157φυγόντα Ναυμέδοντος ἁρπακτήριον ἔστειλʼ Ἐρεχθεὺς εἰς Λετριναίους γύας λευρὰν ἀλετρεύσοντα Μόλπιδος πέτραν, 160τοῦ Ζηνὶ δαιτρευθέντος Ὀμβρίῳ δέμας, γαμβροκτόνον ῥαίσοντα πενθεροφθόροις βουλαῖς ἀνάγνοις, ἃς ὁ Καδμίλου γόνος ἤρτυσε. τὸν δὲ λοῖσθον ἐκπιὼν σκύφον φερωνύμους ἔδυψε Νηρέως τάφους, 165πανώλεθρον κηλῖδα θωύξας γένει, ὁ τὴν πόδαργον Ψύλλαν ἡνιοστροφῶν καὶ τὴν ὁπλαῖς Ἅρπινναν Ἁρπυίαις ἴσην. τὸν δʼ αὖ τέταρτον αὐθόμαιμον ὄψεται κίρκου καταρρακτῆρος, ὅν τε συγγόνων 170τὰ δευτερεῖα τῆς δαϊσφάλτου πάλης λαβόντα κηρύξουσιν. ἐν δὲ δεμνίοις τὸν ἐξ ὀνείρων πέμπτον ἐστροβημένον εἰδωλοπλάστῳ προσκαταξανεῖ ῥέθει, τὸν μελλόνυμφον εὐνέτην Κυταϊκῆς, 175τῆς ξεινοβάκχης, ὅν ποτʼ Οἰνώνης φυγάς, μύρμων τὸν ἑξάπεζον ἀνδρώσας στρατόν, Πελασγικὸν Τυφῶνα γεννᾶται πατήρ, ἀφʼ ἑπτὰ παίδων φεψάλῳ σποδουμένων μοῦνον φλέγουσαν ἐξαλύξαντα σποδόν. 180χὠ μὲν παλιμπόρευτον ἵξεται τρίβον, σφῆκας δαφοινοὺς χηραμῶν ἀνειρύσας, ὁποῖα κοῦρος δῶμα κινήσας καπνῷ·

escaped the grievous raping desire of the Lord of Ships and was sent by Erechtheus to Letrina’s fields to grind the smooth rock of Molpis—whose body was served as sacrifice to Rainy Zeus—that he might overcome the wooer-slayer by the unholy device for slaying his father-in-law which the son of Cadmilus devised; who drinking his last cup dived into his tomb in Nereus—the tomb which bears his name—crying a blighting curse upon the race; even he who held the reins of swift-footed Psylla and Harpinna hoofed even as the Harpies.

The fourth again shall she see own brother of the swooping falcon; him whom they shall proclaim to have won the second prize among his brothers in the wrestling of war. And the fifth she shall cause to pine upon his bed, distracted by her phantom face in his dreams; the husband to be of the stranger-frenzied lady of Cyta; even him whom one day the exile from Oenone fathered, turning into men the six-footed host of ants,—the Pelasgian Typhon, out of seven sons consumed in the flame alone escaping the fiery ashes.

And he shall come upon his homeward path, raising the tawny wasps from their holes, even as a child disturbs their nest with smoke. And they in their turn shall come, sacrificing cruelly to the blustering winds the heifer that bare the war-named son, the mother that was brought to bed of the dragon of Scyrus; for whom her husband shall search within the Salmydesian Sea, where she cuts the throats of Greeks, and shall dwell for a long space in-the white-crested rock by the outflowing of the marshy waters of the Celtic stream; yearning for his wife whom at her slaying a hind shall rescue from the knife, offering her own throat instead.

183οἱ δʼ αὖ προγεννήτειραν οὐλαμωνύμου βύκταισι χερνίψαντες ὠμησταὶ πόριν, 185τοῦ Σκυρίου δράκοντος ἔντοκον λεχώ, ἣν ὁ ξύνευνος Σαλμυδησίας ἁλὸς ἐντὸς ματεύων, Ἑλλάδος καρατόμον, δαρὸν φαληριῶσαν οἰκήσει σπίλον Κελτοῦ πρὸς ἐκβολαῖσι λιμναίων ποτῶν, 190ποθῶν δάμαρτα, τήν ποτʼ ἐν σφαγαῖς κεμὰς λαιμὸν προθεῖσα φασγάνων ἒκ ῥύσεται. βαθὺς δʼ ἔσω ῥηγμῖνος αὐδηθήσεται ἔρημος ἐν κρόκαισι νυμφίου δρόμος, στένοντος ἄτας καὶ κενὴν ναυκληρίαν 195καὶ τὴν ἄφαντον εἶδος ἠλλοιωμένην γραῖαν σφαγείων ἠδὲ χερνίβων πέλας Ἅιδου τε παφλάζοντος ἐκ βυθῶν φλογὶ κρατῆρος, ὃν μέλαινα ποιφύξει φθιτῶν σάρκας λεβητίζουσα δαιταλουργίᾳ. 200χὠ μὲν πατήσει χῶρον αἰάζων Σκύθην, εἰς πέντε που πλειῶνας ἱμείρων λέχους. οἱ δʼ ἀμφὶ βωμὸν τοῦ προμάντιος Κρόνου σὺν μητρὶ τέκνων νηπίων κρεανόμου ὅρκων τὸ δευτεροῦχον ἄρσαντες ζυγὸν 205στερρὰν ἐνοπλίσουσιν ὠλέναις πλάτην, σωτῆρα Βάκχον τῶν πάροιθε πημάτων

And the deep waste within the wash of the waves upon the beach shall be called the Chase of the bridegroom, mourning his ruin and his empty seafaring and her that vanished and was changed to an old witch, beside the sacrificial vessels and the lustral water and the bowl of Hades bubbling from the depths with flame, whereon the dark lady will blow, potting the flesh of the dead as might a cook.

And he lamenting shall pace the Scythian land for some five years yearning for his bride. And they, beside the altar of the primal prophet, Cronus, who devours the callow young with their mother, binding themselves by the yoke of a second oath, shall take in their arms the strong oar, invoking him who saved them in their former woes, even

207Σφάλτην ἀνευάζοντες, ᾧ ποτʼ ἐν μυχοῖς Δελφινίου παρʼ ἄντρα Κερδῴου θεοῦ Ταύρῳ κρυφαίας χέρνιβας κατάρξεται 210ὁ χιλίαρχος τοῦ πολιρραίστου στρατοῦ. ᾧ θυμάτων πρόσπαιον ἐκτίνων χάριν δαίμων Ἐνόρχης Φιγαλεὺς Φαυστήριος λέοντα θοίνης, ἴχνος ἐμπλέξας λύγοις, σχήσει, τὸ μὴ πρόρριζον αἰστῶσαι στάχυν 215κείροντʼ ὀδόντι καὶ λαφυστίαις γνάθοις. λεύσσω πάλαι δὴ σπεῖραν ὁλκαίων κακῶν, σύρουσαν ἅλμῃ κἀπιροιζοῦσαν πάτρᾳ δεινὰς ἀπειλὰς καὶ πυριφλέκτους βλάβας. Ὡς μή σε Κάδμος ὤφελʼ ἐν περιρρύτῳ 220Ἴσσῃ φυτεῦσαι δυσμενῶν ποδηγέτην, τέταρτον ἐξ Ἄτλαντος ἀθλίου σπόρον, τῶν αὐθομαίμων συγκατασκάπτην Πρύλιν, τόμουρε πρὸς τὰ λῷστα νημερτέστατε· μήδʼ Αἰσακείων οὑμὸς ὤφελεν πατὴρ 225χρησμῶν ἀπῶσαι νυκτίφοιτα δείματα, μιᾷ δὲ κρύψαι τοὺς διπλοῦς ὑπὲρ πάτρας μοίρᾳ, τεφρώσας γυῖα Λημναίῳ πυρί· οὐκ ἂν τοσῶνδε κῦμʼ ἐπέκλυσεν κακῶν. καὶ δὴ Παλαίμων δέρκεται βρεφοκτόνος

Bacchus, the Overthrower, to whom, the bull-god, one day in the shrine beside the cavern of Delphinius the Gainful god, the lord of a thousand ships, a city-sacking host, shall make secret sacrifice. And in unlooked-for requital of his offerings the god of Phigaleia, the lusty Torch-god, shall stay the lion from his banquet, entangling his foot in withes, so that he destroy not utterly the cornfield of men, nor lay it waste with tooth and devouring jaws.

Long since I see the coil of trailing woes dragging in the brine and hissing against my fatherland dread threats and fiery ruin.

Would that in sea-girt Issa Cadmus had never begotten thee to be the guide of the foemen, fourth in descent from unhappy Atlas, even thee, Prylis, who didst help to overthrow thine own kindred, prophet most sure of best fortune! And would that my father had not spurned the nightly terrors of the oracles of Aesacus and that for the sake of my fatherland he had made away with the two in one doom, ashing their bodies with Lemnian fire. So had not such a flood of woes overwhelmed the land.

And now Palaemon, to whom babes are slain,

230ζέουσαν αἰθυίαισι πλεκτανοστόλοις γραῖαν ξύνευνον Ὠγένου Τιτηνίδα. καὶ δὴ διπλᾶ σὺν πατρὶ ῥαίεται τέκνα, στερρῷ τυπέντι κλεῖδας εὐάρχῳ μύλῳ, τὰ πρόσθεν αὐλητῆρος ἐκπεφευγότα 235ψυδραῖσι φήμαις λαρνακοφθόρους ῥιφάς, ᾧ δὴ πιθήσας στυγνὸς ἄρταμος τέκνων, αἰθυιόθρεπτος πορκέων λιναγρέτης, κρηθμοῖσι καὶ ῥαιβοῖσι νηρίταις φίλος, χηλῷ κατεδρύφαξε διπτύχους γονάς. 240σὺν τοῖς δʼ ὁ τλήμων, μητρὸς οὐ φράσας θεᾶς μνήμων ἐφετμάς, ἀλλὰ ληθάργῳ σφαλείς, πρηνὴς θανεῖται στέρνον οὐτασθεὶς ξίφει. καὶ δὴ στένει Μύρινα καὶ παράκτιοι ἵππων φριμαγμὸν ᾐόνες δεδεγμέναι, 245ὅταν Πελασγὸν ἅλμα λαιψηροῦ ποδὸς εἰς θῖνʼ ἐρείσας λοισθίαν αἴθων λύκος κρηναῖον ἐξ ἄμμοιο ῥοιβδήσῃ γάνος, πηγὰς ἀνοίξας τὰς πάλαι κεκρυμμένας. καὶ δὴ καταίθει γαῖαν ὀρχηστὴς Ἄρης, 250στρόμβῳ τὸν αἱματηρὸν ἐξάρχων νόμον. ἅπασα δὲ χθὼν προὐμμάτων δῃουμένη

beholds the hoary Titanid bride of Ogenus seething with the corded gulls.

And now two children are slain together with their father who is smitten on the collar-bone with the hard mill-stone, an omen of good beginning; those children which before escaped when cast-.out to death in an ark through the lying speech of the piper, to whom hearkened the sullen butcher of his children—he the gull-reared, captive of the nets of fishermen, friend of winkle and bandy sea-snail —and imprisoned his two children in a chest. And therewithal the wretch, who was not mindful to tell the bidding of the goddess mother but erred in forgetfulness, shall die upon his face, his breast pierced by the sword.

And now Myrina groans and the sea-shores awaiting the snorting of horses, when the fierce wolf shall leap the swift leap of his Pelasgian foot upon the last beach and cause the clear spring to gush from the sand, opening fountains that hitherto were hidden.

And now Ares, the dancer, fires the land, with his conch leading the chant of blood. And all the land lies ravaged before my eyes and, as it were fields of corn, bristle the fields of the gleaming spears.

People and places in this passage

English translation by A. W. Mair (1921). Original text: A. W. Mair and G. R. Mair (eds. and trs.), Callimachus and Lycophron, Aratus, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1921 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus, tlg0341.tlg002 perseus-grc2).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (OCR from the Internet Archive scan). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.