Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 3.404–497: The sacrifice to Athena; departure for Sparta

At dawn Nestor sacrifices a heifer with gilded horns to Athena, and his youngest daughter Polycaste bathes Telemachus. Nestor gives him a chariot and horses and sends his son Peisistratus with him. They drive all day, spend the night at Pherae with Diocles, and reach the wheat plain of Lacedaemon on the next day.

Lines 3.404–497 · 1057 words · click a number to copy its link
404ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς, 405ὤρνυτʼ ἄρʼ ἐξ εὐνῆφι Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ, ἐκ δʼ ἐλθὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι λίθοισιν, οἵ οἱ ἔσαν προπάροιθε θυράων ὑψηλάων, λευκοί, ἀποστίλβοντες ἀλείφατος· οἷς ἔπι μὲν πρὶν Νηλεὺς ἵζεσκεν, θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος· 410ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν ἤδη κηρὶ δαμεὶς Ἄϊδόσδε βεβήκει, Νέστωρ αὖ τότʼ ἐφῖζε Γερήνιος, οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν, σκῆπτρον ἔχων. περὶ δʼ υἷες ἀολλέες ἠγερέθοντο ἐκ θαλάμων ἐλθόντες, Ἐχέφρων τε Στρατίος τε Περσεύς τʼ Ἄρητός τε καὶ ἀντίθεος Θρασυμήδης. 415τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἕκτος Πεισίστρατος ἤλυθεν ἥρως, πὰρ δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχον θεοείκελον εἷσαν ἄγοντες. τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· καρπαλίμως μοι, τέκνα φίλα, κρηήνατʼ ἐέλδωρ, ὄφρʼ ἦ τοι πρώτιστα θεῶν ἱλάσσομʼ Ἀθήνην, 420ἥ μοι ἐναργὴς ἦλθε θεοῦ ἐς δαῖτα θάλειαν.

Soon as early Dawn appeared, the rosy-fingered, up from his bed rose the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, and went forth and sat down on the polished stones which were before his lofty doors, white and glistening as with oil. On these of old was wont to sit Neleus, the peer of the gods in counsel; but he ere this had been stricken by fate and had gone to the house of Hades, and now there sat upon them in his turn Nestor of Gerenia, the warder of the Achaeans, holding a sceptre in his hands. About him his sons gathered in a throng as they came forth from their chambers, Echephron and Stratius and Perseus and Aretus and godlike Thrasymedes; and to these thereafter came as the sixth the lord Peisistratus. And they led godlike Telemachus and made him sit beside them; and the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, was first to speak among them: “Quickly, my dear children, fulfil my desire, that first of all the gods I may propitiate Athena, who came to me in manifest presence to the rich feast of the god.

421ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ὁ μὲν πεδίονδʼ ἐπὶ βοῦν, ἴτω, ὄφρα τάχιστα ἔλθῃσιν, ἐλάσῃ δὲ βοῶν ἐπιβουκόλος ἀνήρ· εἷς δʼ ἐπὶ Τηλεμάχου μεγαθύμου νῆα μέλαιναν πάντας ἰὼν ἑτάρους ἀγέτω, λιπέτω δὲ δύʼ οἴους· 425εἷς δʼ αὖ χρυσοχόον Λαέρκεα δεῦρο κελέσθω ἐλθεῖν, ὄφρα βοὸς χρυσὸν κέρασιν περιχεύῃ. οἱ δʼ ἄλλοι μένετʼ αὐτοῦ ἀολλέες, εἴπατε δʼ εἴσω δμῳῇσιν κατὰ δώματʼ ἀγακλυτὰ δαῖτα πένεσθαι, ἕδρας τε ξύλα τʼ ἀμφὶ καὶ ἀγλαὸν οἰσέμεν ὕδωρ. 430ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐποίπνυον. ἦλθε μὲν ἂρ βοῦς ἐκ πεδίου, ἦλθον δὲ θοῆς παρὰ νηὸς ἐίσης Τηλεμάχου ἕταροι μεγαλήτορος, ἦλθε δὲ χαλκεὺς ὅπλʼ ἐν χερσὶν ἔχων χαλκήια, πείρατα τέχνης, ἄκμονά τε σφῦράν τʼ ἐυποίητόν τε πυράγρην, 435οἷσίν τε χρυσὸν εἰργάζετο· ἦλθε δʼ Ἀθήνη ἱρῶν ἀντιόωσα. γέρων δʼ ἱππηλάτα Νέστωρ χρυσὸν ἔδωχʼ· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα βοὸς κέρασιν περίχευεν ἀσκήσας, ἵνʼ ἄγαλμα θεὰ κεχάροιτο ἰδοῦσα. βοῦν δʼ ἀγέτην κεράων Στρατίος καὶ δῖος Ἐχέφρων.

Come now, let one go to the plain for a heifer, that she may come speedily, and that the neatherd may drive her; and let one go to the black ship of great-hearted Telemachus and bring all his comrades, and let him leave two men only; and let one again bid the goldsmith Laerces come hither, that he may overlay the heifer's horns with gold. And do ye others abide here together; and bid the handmaids within to make ready a feast throughout our glorious halls, to fetch seats, and logs to set on either side of the altar, and to bring clear water.” So he spoke, and they all set busily to work. The heifer came from the plain and from the swift, shapely ship came the comrades of great-hearted Telemachus; the smith came, bearing in his hands his tools of bronze, the implements of his craft, anvil and hammer and well-made tongs, wherewith he wrought the gold; and Athena came to accept the sacrifice. Then the old man, Nestor, the driver of chariots, gave gold, and the smith prepared it, and overlaid therewith the horns of the heifer, that the goddess might rejoice when she beheld the offering.

440χέρνιβα δέ σφʼ Ἄρητος ἐν ἀνθεμόεντι λέβητι ἤλυθεν ἐκ θαλάμοιο φέρων, ἑτέρῃ δʼ ἔχεν οὐλὰς ἐν κανέῳ πέλεκυν δὲ μενεπτόλεμος Θρασυμήδης ὀξὺν ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παρίστατο βοῦν ἐπικόψων. Περσεὺς δʼ ἀμνίον εἶχε· γέρων δʼ ἱππηλάτα Νέστωρ 445χέρνιβά τʼ οὐλοχύτας τε κατήρχετο, πολλὰ δʼ Ἀθήνῃ εὔχετʼ ἀπαρχόμενος, κεφαλῆς τρίχας ἐν πυρὶ βάλλων. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ εὔξαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο, αὐτίκα Νέστορος υἱὸς ὑπέρθυμος Θρασυμήδης ἤλασεν ἄγχι στάς· πέλεκυς δʼ ἀπέκοψε τένοντας 450αὐχενίους, λῦσεν δὲ βοὸς μένος. αἱ δʼ ὀλόλυξαν θυγατέρες τε νυοί τε καὶ αἰδοίη παράκοιτις Νέστορος, Εὐρυδίκη, πρέσβα Κλυμένοιο θυγατρῶν. οἱ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀνελόντες ἀπὸ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης ἔσχον· ἀτὰρ σφάξεν Πεισίστρατος, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν. 455τῆς δʼ ἐπεὶ ἐκ μέλαν αἷμα ῥύη, λίπε δʼ ὀστέα θυμός, αἶψʼ ἄρα μιν διέχευαν, ἄφαρ δʼ ἐκ μηρία τάμνον πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν δίπτυχα ποιήσαντες, ἐπʼ αὐτῶν δʼ ὠμοθέτησαν.

And Stratius and goodly Echephron led the heifer by the horns, and Aretus came from the chamber, bringing them water for the hands in a basin embossed with flowers, and in the other hand he held barley grains in a basket; and Thrasymedes, steadfast in fight, stood by, holding in his hands a sharp axe, to fell the heifer; and Perseus held the bowl for the blood. Then the old man, Nestor, driver of chariots, began the opening rite of hand-washing and sprinkling with barley grains, and earnestly he prayed to Athena, cutting off as first offering the hair from the head, and casting it into the fire. Now when they had prayed, and had strewn the barley grains, straightway the son of Nestor, Thrasymedes, high of heart, came near and dealt the blow; and the axe cut through the sinews of the neck, and loosened the strength of the heifer. Then the women raised the sacred cry, the daughters and the sons' wives and the revered wife of Nestor, Eurydice, the eldest of the daughters of Clymenus, and the men raised the heifer's head from the broad-wayed earth and held it, and Peisistratus, leader of men, cut the throat. And when the black blood had flowed from her and the life had left the bones, at once they cut up the body and straightway cut out the thigh-pieces all in due order, and covered them with a double layer of fat, and laid raw flesh upon them.

459καῖε δʼ ἐπὶ σχίζῃς ὁ γέρων, ἐπὶ δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον 460λεῖβε· νέοι δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν ἔχον πεμπώβολα χερσίν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρʼ ἐκάη καὶ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο, μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν, ὤπτων δʼ ἀκροπόρους ὀβελοὺς ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες. τόφρα δὲ Τηλέμαχον λοῦσεν καλὴ Πολυκάστη, 465Νέστορος ὁπλοτάτη θυγάτηρ Νηληϊάδαο. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ λοῦσέν τε καὶ ἔχρισεν λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ, ἀμφὶ δέ μιν φᾶρος καλὸν βάλεν ἠδὲ χιτῶνα, ἔκ ῥʼ ἀσαμίνθου βῆ δέμας ἀθανάτοισιν ὁμοῖος· πὰρ δʼ ὅ γε Νέστορʼ ἰὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο, ποιμένα λαῶν. 470οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ ὤπτησαν κρέʼ ὑπέρτερα καὶ ἐρύσαντο, δαίνυνθʼ ἑζόμενοι· ἐπὶ δʼ ἀνέρες ἐσθλοὶ ὄροντο οἶνον οἰνοχοεῦντες ἐνὶ χρυσέοις δεπάεσσιν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο, τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· 475παῖδες ἐμοί, ἄγε Τηλεμάχῳ καλλίτριχας ἵππους ζεύξαθʼ ὑφʼ ἅρματʼ ἄγοντες, ἵνα πρήσσῃσιν ὁδοῖο. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδʼ ἐπίθοντο, καρπαλίμως δʼ ἔζευξαν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους.

Then the old man burned them on billets of wood, and poured over them sparkling wine, and beside him the young men held in their hands the five-pronged forks. But when the thigh-pieces were wholly burned, and they had tasted the inner parts, they cut up the rest and spitted and roasted it, holding the pointed spits in their hands. Meanwhile the fair Polycaste, the youngest daughter of Nestor, son of Neleus, bathed Telemachus. And when she had bathed him and anointed him richly with oil, and had cast about him a fair cloak and a tunic, forth from the bath he came in form like unto the immortals; and he went and sat down by Nestor, the shepherd of the people. Now when they had roasted the outer flesh and had drawn it off the spits, they sat down and feasted, and worthy men waited on them, pouring wine into golden cups. But when they had put from them the desire of food and drink, the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, was first to speak, saying: “My sons, up, yoke for Telemachus horses with beautiful mane beneath the car, that he may get forward on his journey.” So he spoke, and they readily hearkened and obeyed; and quickly they yoked beneath the car the swift horses.

479ἐν δὲ γυνὴ ταμίη σῖτον καὶ οἶνον ἔθηκεν 480ὄψα τε, οἷα ἔδουσι διοτρεφέες βασιλῆες. ἂν δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχος περικαλλέα βήσετο δίφρον· πὰρ δʼ ἄρα Νεστορίδης Πεισίστρατος, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, ἐς δίφρον τʼ ἀνέβαινε καὶ ἡνία λάζετο χερσί, μάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην 485ἐς πεδίον, λιπέτην δὲ Πύλου αἰπὺ πτολίεθρον. οἱ δὲ πανημέριοι σεῖον ζυγὸν ἀμφὶς ἔχοντες. δύσετό τʼ ἠέλιος σκιόωντό τε πᾶσαι ἀγυιαί, ἐς Φηρὰς δʼ ἵκοντο Διοκλῆος ποτὶ δῶμα, υἱέος Ὀρτιλόχοιο, τὸν Ἀλφειὸς τέκε παῖδα. 490ἔνθα δὲ νύκτʼ ἄεσαν, ὁ δὲ τοῖς πὰρ ξείνια θῆκεν. ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς, ἵππους τε ζεύγνυντʼ ἀνά θʼ ἅρματα ποικίλʼ ἔβαινον· ἐκ δʼ ἔλασαν προθύροιο καὶ αἰθούσης ἐριδούπου· μάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην. 495ἷξον δʼ ἐς πεδίον πυρηφόρον, ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτα ἦνον ὁδόν· τοῖον γὰρ ὑπέκφερον ὠκέες ἵπποι. δύσετό τʼ ἠέλιος σκιόωντό τε πᾶσαι ἀγυιαί.

And the housewife placed in the car bread and wine and dainties, such as kings, fostered of Zeus, are wont to eat. Then Telemachus mounted the beautiful car, and Peisistratus, son of Nestor, a leader of men, mounted beside him, and took the reins in his hands. He touched the horses with the whip to start them, and nothing loath the pair sped on to the plain, and left the steep citadel of Pylos. So all day long they shook the yoke which they bore about their necks. Now the sun set and all the ways grew dark. And they came to Pherae, to the house of Diocles, son of Ortilochus, whom Alpheus begot. There they spent the night, and before them he set the entertainment due to strangers. So soon as early Dawn appeared, the rosy-fingered, they yoked the horses and mounted the inlaid car, and drove forth from the gateway and the echoing portico. Then Peisistratus touched the horses with the whip to start them, and nothing loath the pair sped onward. So they came to the wheat-bearing plain, and thereafter pressed on toward their journey's end, so well did their swift horses bear them on. And the sun set and all the ways grew dark.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.