Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 4.715–847: Penelope's grief; Athena sends a phantom

Penelope learns of the plot and of her son's journey and sinks down on the threshold, wailing, while her maids gather round her. Eurycleia confesses that she knew of the voyage, and tells her to wash and pray to Athena. Athena sends a phantom in the likeness of Penelope's sister Iphthime, which tells her that her son will return, and the suitors set out to lie in ambush on the island of Asteris.

Lines 4.715–847 · 1440 words · click a number to copy its link
715ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη κατὰ δῶμʼ Ὀδυσῆος. τὴν δʼ ἄχος ἀμφεχύθη θυμοφθόρον, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ ἔτλη δίφρῳ ἐφέζεσθαι πολλῶν κατὰ οἶκον ἐόντων, ἀλλʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδοῦ ἷζε πολυκμήτου θαλάμοιο οἴκτρʼ ὀλοφυρομένη· περὶ δὲ δμῳαὶ μινύριζον 720πᾶσαι, ὅσαι κατὰ δώματʼ ἔσαν νέαι ἠδὲ παλαιαί. τῇς δʼ ἁδινὸν γοόωσα μετηύδα Πηνελόπεια· κλῦτε, φίλαι· πέρι γάρ μοι Ὀλύμπιος ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν ἐκ πασέων, ὅσσαι μοι ὁμοῦ τράφεν ἠδʼ ἐγένοντο· ἣ πρὶν μὲν πόσιν ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα θυμολέοντα, 725παντοίῃς ἀρετῇσι κεκασμένον ἐν Δαναοῖσιν, ἐσθλόν, τοῦ κλέος εὐρὺ καθʼ Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος. νῦν αὖ παῖδʼ ἀγαπητὸν ἀνηρείψαντο θύελλαι ἀκλέα ἐκ μεγάρων, οὐδʼ ὁρμηθέντος ἄκουσα. σχέτλιαι, οὐδʼ ὑμεῖς περ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θέσθε ἑκάστη 730ἐκ λεχέων μʼ ἀνεγεῖραι, ἐπιστάμεναι σάφα θυμῷ, ὁππότʼ ἐκεῖνος ἔβη κοίλην ἐπὶ νῆα μέλαιναν. εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ πυθόμην ταύτην ὁδὸν ὁρμαίνοντα, τῷ κε μάλʼ ἤ κεν ἔμεινε καὶ ἐσσύμενός περ ὁδοῖο, ἤ κέ με τεθνηκυῖαν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔλειπεν.

So he spoke, and departed through the house of Odysseus, and on her fell a cloud of soul-consuming grief, and she had no more the heart to sit upon one of the many seats that were in the room, but down upon the threshold of her fair-wrought chamber she sank, moaning piteously, and round about her wailed her handmaids, even all that were in the house, both young and old. Among these with sobs of lamentation spoke Penelope: “Hear me, my friends, for to me the Olympian has given sorrow above all the women who were bred and born with me. For long since I lost my noble husband of the lion heart, pre-eminent in all manner of worth among the Danaans, my noble husband, whose fame is wide through Hellas and mid-Argos. And now again my well-loved son have the storm-winds swept away from our halls without tidings, nor did I hear of his setting forth. Cruel, that ye are! Not even you took thought, any one of you, to rouse me from my couch, though in your hearts ye knew full well when he went on board the hollow black ship. For had I learned that he was pondering this journey, he should verily have stayed here, how eager soever to be gone, or he should have left me dead in the halls.

735ἀλλά τις ὀτρηρῶς Δολίον καλέσειε γέροντα, δμῶʼ ἐμόν, ὅν μοι δῶκε πατὴρ ἔτι δεῦρο κιούσῃ, καί μοι κῆπον ἔχει πολυδένδρεον, ὄφρα τάχιστα Λαέρτῃ τάδε πάντα παρεζόμενος καταλέξῃ, εἰ δή πού τινα κεῖνος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μῆτιν ὑφήνας 740ἐξελθὼν λαοῖσιν ὀδύρεται, οἳ μεμάασιν ὃν καὶ Ὀδυσσῆος φθῖσαι γόνον ἀντιθέοιο. τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε φίλη τροφὸς Εὐρύκλεια· νύμφα φίλη, σὺ μὲν ἄρ με κατάκτανε νηλέι χαλκῷ ἢ ἔα ἐν μεγάρῳ· μῦθον δέ τοι οὐκ ἐπικεύσω. 745ᾔδεʼ ἐγὼ τάδε πάντα, πόρον δέ οἱ ὅσσʼ ἐκέλευε, σῖτον καὶ μέθυ ἡδύ· ἐμεῦ δʼ ἕλετο μέγαν ὅρκον μὴ πρὶν σοὶ ἐρέειν, πρὶν δωδεκάτην γε γενέσθαι ἢ σʼ αὐτὴν ποθέσαι καὶ ἀφορμηθέντος ἀκοῦσαι, ὡς ἂν μὴ κλαίουσα κατὰ χρόα καλὸν ἰάπτῃς. 750ἀλλʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα, εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβᾶσα σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶν εὔχεʼ Ἀθηναίῃ κούρῃ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο· ἡ γάρ κέν μιν ἔπειτα καὶ ἐκ θανάτοιο σαώσαι.

But now let one hasten to call hither the aged Dolius, my servant, whom my father gave me or ever I came hither, and who keeps my garden of many trees, that he may straightway go and sit by Laertes, and tell him of all these things. So haply may Laertes weave some plan in his heart, and go forth and with weeping make his plea to the people, who are minded to destroy his race and that of godlike Odysseus.” Then the good nurse Eurycleia answered her:“Dear lady, thou mayest verily slay me with the pitiless sword or let me abide in the house, yet will I not hide my word from thee. I knew all this, and gave him whatever he bade me, bread and sweet wine. But he took from me a mighty oath not to tell thee until at least the twelfth day should come, or thou shouldst thyself miss him and hear that he was gone, that thou mightest not mar thy fair flesh with weeping. But now bathe thyself, and take clean raiment for thy body, and then go up to thy upper chamber with thy handmaids and pray to Athena, the daughter of Zeus who bears the aegis; for she may then save him even from death.

754μηδὲ γέροντα κάκου κεκακωμένον· οὐ γὰρ ὀίω 755πάγχυ θεοῖς μακάρεσσι γονὴν Ἀρκεισιάδαο ἔχθεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἔτι πού τις ἐπέσσεται ὅς κεν ἔχῃσι δώματά θʼ ὑψερεφέα καὶ ἀπόπροθι πίονας ἀγρούς. ὣς φάτο, τῆς δʼ εὔνησε γόον, σχέθε δʼ ὄσσε γόοιο. ἡ δʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα 760εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀνέβαινε σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξίν, ἐν δʼ ἔθετʼ οὐλοχύτας κανέῳ, ἠρᾶτο δʼ Ἀθήνῃ· κλῦθί μευ, αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος, Ἀτρυτώνη, εἴ ποτέ τοι πολύμητις ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν Ὀδυσσεὺς ἢ βοὸς ἢ ὄϊος κατὰ πίονα μηρίʼ ἔκηε, 765τῶν νῦν μοι μνῆσαι, καί μοι φίλον υἷα σάωσον, μνηστῆρας δʼ ἀπάλαλκε κακῶς ὑπερηνορέοντας. ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ὀλόλυξε, θεὰ δέ οἱ ἔκλυεν ἀρῆς. μνηστῆρες δʼ ὁμάδησαν ἀνὰ μέγαρα σκιόεντα· ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκε νέων ὑπερηνορεόντων· 770ἦ μάλα δὴ γάμον ἄμμι πολυμνήστη βασίλεια ἀρτύει, οὐδέ τι οἶδεν ὅ οἱ φόνος υἷι τέτυκται. ὣς ἄρα τις εἴπεσκε, τὰ δʼ οὐκ ἴσαν ὡς ἐτέτυκτο.

And trouble not a troubled old man; for the race of the son of Arceisius is not, methinks, utterly hated by the blessed gods, but there shall still be one, I ween, to hold the high-roofed halls and the rich fields far away.” So she spoke, and lulled Penelope's laments, and made her eyes to cease from weeping. She then bathed, and took clean raiment for her body, and went up to her upper chamber with her handmaids, and placing barley grains in a basket prayed to Athena: “Hear me, child of Zeus who bears the aegis, unwearied one. If ever Odysseus, of many wiles, burnt to thee in his halls fat thigh-pieces of heifer or ewe, remember these things now, I pray thee, and save my dear son, and ward off from him the wooers in their evil insolence.” So saying she raised the sacred cry, and the goddess heard her prayer. But the wooers broke into uproar throughout the shadowy halls, and thus would one of the proud youths speak: “Aye, verily the queen, wooed of many, is preparing our marriage, nor does she know at all that death has been made ready for her son.” So would one of them speak; but they knew not how these things were to be.

773τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀντίνοος ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε· δαιμόνιοι, μύθους μὲν ὑπερφιάλους ἀλέασθε 775πάντας ὁμῶς, μή πού τις ἀπαγγείλῃσι καὶ εἴσω. ἀλλʼ ἄγε σιγῇ τοῖον ἀναστάντες τελέωμεν μῦθον, ὃ δὴ καὶ πᾶσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἤραρεν ἡμῖν. ὣς εἰπὼν ἐκρίνατʼ ἐείκοσι φῶτας ἀρίστους, βὰν δʼ ἰέναι ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν καὶ θῖνα θαλάσσης. 780νῆα μὲν οὖν πάμπρωτον ἁλὸς βένθοσδε ἔρυσσαν, ἐν δʼ ἱστόν τʼ ἐτίθεντο καὶ ἱστία νηὶ μελαίνῃ, ἠρτύναντο δʼ ἐρετμὰ τροποῖς ἐν δερματίνοισιν, πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, ἀνά θʼ ἱστία λευκὰ πέτασσαν· τεύχεα δέ σφʼ ἤνεικαν ὑπέρθυμοι θεράποντες. 785ὑψοῦ δʼ ἐν νοτίῳ τήν γʼ ὥρμισαν, ἐκ δʼ ἔβαν αὐτοί· ἔνθα δὲ δόρπον ἕλοντο, μένον δʼ ἐπὶ ἕσπερον ἐλθεῖν. ἡ δʼ ὑπερωίῳ αὖθι περίφρων Πηνελόπεια κεῖτʼ ἄρʼ ἄσιτος, ἄπαστος ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος, ὁρμαίνουσʼ ἤ οἱ θάνατον φύγοι υἱὸς ἀμύμων, 790ἦ ὅ γʼ ὑπὸ μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισι δαμείη.

And Antinous addressed their company, and said: “Good sirs, shun haughty speech of every kind alike, lest someone report your speech even within the house. Nay come, in silence thus let us arise and put into effect our plan which pleased us one and all at heart.” So he spoke, and chose twenty men that were best, and they went their way to the swift ship and the shore of the sea. The ship first of all they drew down to the deep water, and set the mast and sail in the black ship, and fitted the oars in the leathern thole-straps, all in due order, and spread the white sail. And proud squires brought them their weapons. Well out in the roadstead they moored the ship, and themselves disembarked. There then they took supper, and waited till evening should come. But she, the wise Penelope, lay there in her upper chamber, touching no food, tasting neither meat nor drink, pondering whether her peerless son would escape death, or be slain by the insolent wooers.

791ὅσσα δὲ μερμήριξε λέων ἀνδρῶν ἐν ὁμίλῳ δείσας, ὁππότε μιν δόλιον περὶ κύκλον ἄγωσι, τόσσα μιν ὁρμαίνουσαν ἐπήλυθε νήδυμος ὕπνος· εὗδε δʼ ἀνακλινθεῖσα, λύθεν δέ οἱ ἅψεα πάντα. 795ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐνόησε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· εἴδωλον ποίησε, δέμας δʼ ἤικτο γυναικί, Ἰφθίμῃ, κούρῃ μεγαλήτορος Ἰκαρίοιο, τὴν Εὔμηλος ὄπυιε Φερῇς ἔνι οἰκία ναίων. πέμπε δέ μιν πρὸς δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο, 800ἧος Πηνελόπειαν ὀδυρομένην γοόωσαν παύσειε κλαυθμοῖο γόοιό τε δακρυόεντος. ἐς θάλαμον δʼ εἰσῆλθε παρὰ κληῖδος ἱμάντα, στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς, καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· εὕδεις, Πηνελόπεια, φίλον τετιημένη ἦτορ; 805οὐ μέν σʼ οὐδὲ ἐῶσι θεοὶ ῥεῖα ζώοντες κλαίειν οὐδʼ ἀκάχησθαι, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἔτι νόστιμός ἐστι σὸς παῖς· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι θεοῖς ἀλιτήμενός ἐστι.

And even as a lion is seized with fear and broods amid a throng of men, when they draw their crafty ring about him, so was she pondering when sweet sleep came upon her. And she sank back and slept, and all her joints relaxed. Then the goddess, flashing-eyed Athena, took other counsel. She made a phantom, and likened it in form to a woman, Iphthime, daughter of great-hearted Icarius, whom Eumelus wedded, whose home was in Pherae. And she sent it to the house of divine Odysseus, to Penelope in the midst of her wailing and lamenting, to bid her cease from weeping and tearful lamentation. So into the chamber it passed by the thong of the bolt, and stood above her head, and spoke to her, and said: “Sleepest thou, Penelope, thy heart sore stricken? Nay, the gods that live at ease suffer thee not to weep or be distressed, seeing that thy son is yet to return; for in no wise is he a sinner in the eyes of the gods.”

808τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περίφρων Πηνελόπεια, ἡδὺ μάλα κνώσσουσʼ ἐν ὀνειρείῃσι πύλῃσιν· 810τίπτε, κασιγνήτη, δεῦρʼ ἤλυθες; οὔ τι πάρος γε πωλέʼ, ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἀπόπροθι δώματα ναίεις· καί με κέλεαι παύσασθαι ὀιζύος ἠδʼ ὀδυνάων πολλέων, αἵ μʼ ἐρέθουσι κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, ἣ πρὶν μὲν πόσιν ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα θυμολέοντα, 815παντοίῃς ἀρετῇσι κεκασμένον ἐν Δαναοῖσιν, ἐσθλόν, τοῦ κλέος εὐρὺ καθʼ Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος· νῦν αὖ παῖς ἀγαπητὸς ἔβη κοίλης ἐπὶ νηός, νήπιος, οὔτε πόνων ἐὺ εἰδὼς οὔτʼ ἀγοράων. τοῦ δὴ ἐγὼ καὶ μᾶλλον ὀδύρομαι ἤ περ ἐκείνου· 820τοῦ δʼ ἀμφιτρομέω καὶ δείδια, μή τι πάθῃσιν, ἢ ὅ γε τῶν ἐνὶ δήμῳ, ἵνʼ οἴχεται, ἢ ἐνὶ πόντῳ· δυσμενέες γὰρ πολλοὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ μηχανόωνται, ἱέμενοι κτεῖναι πρὶν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι. τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενον προσέφη εἴδωλον ἀμαυρόν· 825θάρσει, μηδέ τι πάγχυ μετὰ φρεσὶ δείδιθι λίην· τοίη γάρ οἱ πομπὸς ἅμʼ ἔρχεται, ἥν τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀνέρες ἠρήσαντο παρεστάμεναι, δύναται γάρ, Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη· σὲ δʼ ὀδυρομένην ἐλεαίρει· ἣ νῦν με προέηκε τεῒν τάδε μυθήσασθαι.

Then wise Penelope answered her, as she slumbered very sweetly at the gates of dreams: “Why, sister, art thou come hither? Thou hast not heretofore been wont to come, for thou dwellest in a home far away. And thou biddest me cease from my grief and the many pains that distress me in mind and heart. Long since I lost my noble husband of the lion heart, pre-eminent in all manner of worth among the Danaans, my noble husband whose fame is wide in Hellas and mid-Argos. And now again my well-loved son is gone forth in a hollow ship, a mere child, knowing naught of toils and the gatherings of men. For him I sorrow even more than for that other, and tremble for him, and fear lest aught befall him, whether it be in the land of the men to whom he is gone, or on the sea. For many foes are plotting against him, eager to slay him before he comes back to his native land.” Then the dim phantom answered her, and said: “Take heart, and be not in thy mind too sore afraid; since such a guide goes with him as men have full often besought to stand by their side, for she has power,—even Pallas Athena. And she pities thee in thy sorrow, for she it is that has sent me forth to tell thee this.”

830τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια· εἰ μὲν δὴ θεός ἐσσι θεοῖό τε ἔκλυες αὐδῆς, εἰ δʼ ἄγε μοι καὶ κεῖνον ὀιζυρὸν κατάλεξον, ἤ που ἔτι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο, ἦ ἤδη τέθνηκε καὶ εἰν Ἀίδαο δόμοισι. 835τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενον προσέφη εἴδωλον ἀμαυρόν· οὐ μέν τοι κεῖνόν γε διηνεκέως ἀγορεύσω, ζώει ὅ γʼ ἦ τέθνηκε· κακὸν δʼ ἀνεμώλια βάζειν. ὣς εἰπὸν σταθμοῖο παρὰ κληῖδα λιάσθη ἐς πνοιὰς ἀνέμων. ἡ δʼ ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνόρουσε 840κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο· φίλον δέ οἱ ἦτορ ἰάνθη, ὥς οἱ ἐναργὲς ὄνειρον ἐπέσσυτο νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ. μνηστῆρες δʼ ἀναβάντες ἐπέπλεον ὑγρὰ κέλευθα Τηλεμάχῳ φόνον αἰπὺν ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντες. ἔστι δέ τις νῆσος μέσσῃ ἁλὶ πετρήεσσα, 845μεσσηγὺς Ἰθάκης τε Σάμοιό τε παιπαλοέσσης, Ἀστερίς, οὐ μεγάλη· λιμένες δʼ ἔνι ναύλοχοι αὐτῇ ἀμφίδυμοι· τῇ τόν γε μένον λοχόωντες Ἀχαιοί.

Then again wise Penelope answered her: “If thou art indeed a god, and hast listened to the voice of a god, come, tell me, I pray thee, also of that hapless one, whether he still lives and beholds the light of the sun, or whether he is already dead and in the house of Hades.” And the dim phantom answered her, and said:“Nay, of him I may not speak at length, whether he be alive or dead; it is an ill thing to speak words vain as wind.” So saying the phantom glided away by the bolt of the door into the breath of the winds. And the daughter of Icarius started up from sleep, and her heart was warmed with comfort, that so clear a vision had sped to her in the darkness of night. But the wooers embarked, and sailed over the watery ways, pondering in their hearts utter murder for Telemachus. There is a rocky isle in the midst of the sea, midway between Ithaca and rugged Samos, Asteris, of no great size, but therein is a harbor where ships may lie, with an entrance on either side. There it was that the Achaeans tarried, lying in wait for Telemachus.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.