Aeschylus · Eumenides Εὐμενίδες

Aeschylus, Eumenides 734–777: The votes are counted: Orestes is acquitted

Athena declares that she will cast her vote for Orestes, since no mother bore her and she favours the male in all things but marriage, and says that Orestes wins even if the vote is equal. The votes are counted and found equal, and Orestes is acquitted. He thanks Athena and promises that his country will never take up arms against Athens.

Lines 734–777 · 414 words · click a number to copy its link

Athena

734ἐμὸν τόδʼ ἔργον, λοισθίαν κρῖναι δίκην. 735ψῆφον δʼ Ὀρέστῃ τήνδʼ ἐγὼ προσθήσομαι. μήτηρ γὰρ οὔτις ἐστὶν ἥ μʼ ἐγείνατο, τὸ δʼ ἄρσεν αἰνῶ πάντα, πλὴν γάμου τυχεῖν, ἅπαντι θυμῷ, κάρτα δʼ εἰμὶ τοῦ πατρός. οὕτω γυναικὸς οὐ προτιμήσω μόρον 740ἄνδρα κτανούσης δωμάτων ἐπίσκοπον. νικᾷ δʼ Ὀρέστης, κἂν ἰσόψηφος κριθῇ. ἐκβάλλεθʼ ὡς τάχιστα τευχέων πάλους, ὅσοις δικαστῶν τοῦτʼ ἐπέσταλται τέλος.

It is my duty to give the final judgment and I shall cast my vote for Orestes. For there was no mother who gave me birth; and in all things, except for marriage, whole-heartedly I am for the male and entirely on the father’s side. Therefore, I will not award greater honor to the death of a woman who killed her husband, the master of the house. Orestes wins, even if the vote comes out equal. Cast the ballots out of the urns, as quickly as possible, you jurors who have been assigned this task.

Ὀρέστης 744ὦ Φοῖβʼ Ἄπολλον, πῶς ἀγὼν κριθήσεται; Χορός 745ὦ Νὺξ μέλαινα μῆτερ, ἆρʼ ὁρᾷς τάδε; Ὀρέστης νῦν ἀγχόνης μοι τέρματʼ, ἢ φάος βλέπειν. Χορός ἡμῖν γὰρ ἔρρειν, ἢ πρόσω τιμὰς νέμειν. Ἀπόλλων πεμπάζετʼ ὀρθῶς ἐκβολὰς ψήφων, ξένοι, τὸ μὴ ʼδικεῖν σέβοντες ἐν διαιρέσει. 750γνώμης δʼ ἀπούσης πῆμα γίγνεται μέγα, βαλοῦσά τʼ οἶκον ψῆφος ὤρθωσεν μία. Ἀθηνᾶ ἀνὴρ ὅδʼ ἐκπέφευγεν αἵματος δίκην· ἴσον γάρ ἐστι τἀρίθμημα τῶν πάλων. Ὀρέστης ὦ Παλλάς, ὦ σώσασα τοὺς ἐμοὺς δόμους. 755γαίας πατρῴας ἐστερημένον σύ τοι κατῴκισάς με· καί τις Ἑλλήνων ἐρεῖ, Ἀργεῖος ἁνὴρ αὖθις ἔν τε χρήμασιν οἰκεῖ πατρῴοις, Παλλάδος καὶ Λοξίου ἕκατι, καὶ τοῦ πάντα κραίνοντος τρίτου 760σωτῆρος, ὃς πατρῷον αἰδεσθεὶς μόρον σῴζει με, μητρὸς τάσδε συνδίκους ὁρῶν. ἐγὼ δὲ χώρᾳ τῇδε καὶ τῷ σῷ στρατῷ τὸ λοιπὸν εἰς ἅπαντα πλειστήρη χρόνον ὁρκωμοτήσας νῦν ἄπειμι πρὸς δόμους, 765μήτοι τινʼ ἄνδρα δεῦρο πρυμνήτην χθονὸς ἐλθόντʼ ἐποίσειν εὖ κεκασμένον δόρυ. αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἡμεῖς ὄντες ἐν τάφοις τότε τοῖς τἀμὰ παρβαίνουσι νῦν ὁρκώματα ἀμηχάνοισι πράξομεν δυσπραξίαις, 770ὁδοὺς ἀθύμους καὶ παρόρνιθας πόρους τιθέντες, ὡς αὐτοῖσι μεταμέλῃ πόνος· ὀρθουμένων δέ, καὶ πόλιν τὴν Παλλάδος τιμῶσιν αἰεὶ τήνδε συμμάχῳ δορί, αὐτοῖσιν ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν εὐμενέστεροι. 775καὶ χαῖρε, καὶ σὺ καὶ πολισσοῦχος λεώς· πάλαισμʼ ἄφυκτον τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἔχοις, σωτήριόν τε καὶ δορὸς νικηφόρον.

Orestes O Phoebus Apollo! How will the trial be decided?

Chorus O Night, our dark Mother, do you see this?

Orestes Now I will meet my end by hanging, or I will live.

Chorus Yes, and we will be ruined, or maintain our honors further.

Apollo Correctly count the ballots cast forth, friends, and be in awe of doing wrong in the division of the votes. Error of judgment is the source of much distress, and the cast of a single ballot has set upright a house.

Athena This man is acquitted on the charge of murder, for the numbers of the casts are equal.

Orestes Pallas, savior of my house! I was deprived of a fatherland, and it is you who have given me a home there again. The Hellenes will say, The man is an Argive once again, and lives in his father’s heritage, by the grace of Pallas and of Loxias and of that third god, the one who accomplishes everything, the savior—the one who, having respect for my father’s death, saves me, seeing those advocates of my mother. I will return to my home now, after I swear an oath to this land and to your people for the future and for all time to come, that no captain of my land will ever come here and bring a well-equipped spear against them. For I myself, then in my grave, will accomplish it by failure without remedy, making their marches spiritless and their journeys ill-omened, so that those who violate my present oath will repent their enterprise. But while the straight course is preserved, and they hold in everlasting honor this city of Pallas with their allied spears, I will be the more well-disposed to them. And so farewell—you and the people who guard your city. May your struggle with your enemies let none escape, bringing you safety and victory with the spear!

People and places in this passage

English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth (modernised by Perseus) (1926). Original text: Greek text: Herbert Weir Smyth (ed. and trans.), Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1926, as digitised by Perseus. English: Herbert Weir Smyth, Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1926 (Perseus's modernised version of Smyth's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.