μετὰ δὲ Στύμφαλόν ἐστιν Ἀλέα, συνεδρίου μὲν τοῦ Ἀργολικοῦ μετέχουσα καὶ αὕτη, Ἄλεον δὲ τὸν Ἀφείδαντος γενέσθαι σφίσιν ἀποφαίνουσιν οἰκιστήν. θεῶν δὲ ἱερὰ αὐτόθι Ἀρτέμιδός ἐστιν Ἐφεσίας καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς Ἀλέας, καὶ Διονύσου ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα. τούτῳ παρὰ ἔτος Σκιέρεια ἑορτὴν ἄγουσι, καὶ ἐν Διονύσου τῇ ἑορτῇ κατὰ μάντευμα ἐκ Δελφῶν μαστιγοῦνται γυναῖκες, καθὰ καὶ οἱ Σπαρτιατῶν ἔφηβοι παρὰ τῇ Ὀρθίᾳ.
ἐδήλωσα δὲ ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Ὀρχομενίους ὡς πρῶτα μὲν παρὰ τὴν χαράδραν ἐστὶν ἡ εὐθεῖα, τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τοῦ ὕδατος τοῦ λιμνάζοντος. ἐν δὲ τῷ πεδίῳ τῷ Καφυῶν πεποίηται γῆς χῶμα, διʼ οὗ ἀπείργεται τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκ τῆς Ὀρχομενίας μὴ εἶναι Καφυεῦσιν βλάβος τῇ ἐνεργῷ. κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἐντὸς τοῦ χώματος παρέξεισιν ὕδωρ ἄλλο, πλήθει μὲν ὅσον τε εἶναι ποταμόν, κατερχόμενον δὲ ἐς χάσμα γῆς ἄνεισιν αὖθις παρὰ Νάσους καλουμένας· τὸ δὲ χωρίον ἔνθα ἄνεισιν ὀνομάζεται Ῥεῦνος· ἀνατείλαντος δὲ ἐνταῦθα, τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου παρέχεται ποταμὸν ἀέναον Τράγον.
τὸ δὲ ὄνομά ἐστι μὲν δῆλον ἀπὸ Κηφέως τοῦ Ἀλέου τῇ πόλει γεγονός, ὀνομάζεσθαι δὲ αὐτὴν φωνῇ τῇ Ἀρκάδων Καφυὰς ἐκνενίκηκε. φασὶ δὲ οἱ Καφυεῖς τὰ ἄνωθεν ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς εἶναι χώρας, ἐκβληθέντες δὲ ὑπὸ Αἰγέως ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν φυγεῖν καὶ ἱκέται γενόμενοι Κηφέως οἰκῆσαι ἐνταῦθα. τὸ μὲν δὴ πόλισμα ἐπὶ τοῦ πεδίου τῷ πέρατι ὀρῶν οὐκ ἄγαν ὑψηλῶν παρὰ τοῖς ποσίν ἐστι· Καφυάταις δὲ ἱερὰ θεῶν Ποσειδῶνός ἐστι καὶ ἐπίκλησιν Κνακαλησίας Ἀρτέμιδος.
ἔστι δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ ὄρος Κνάκαλος, ἔνθα ἐπέτειον τελετὴν ἄγουσι τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι. ὀλίγον δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν πόλιν πηγή τέ ἐστι καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ πηγῇ πλάτανος μεγάλη καὶ εὐειδὴς πέφυκε· καλοῦσι δὲ αὐτὴν Μενελαΐδα, Μενέλαον στρατὸν ἀθροίζοντα ἐς Τροίαν ἀφικέσθαι τε ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ πηγῇ τὴν πλάτανον φυτεῦσαι λέγοντες· ἐφʼ ἡμῶν δὲ καὶ τὴν πηγὴν κατὰ ταὐτὰ τῇ πλατάνῳ καλοῦσι Μενελαΐδα.
εἰ δὲ Ἑλλήνων τοῖς λόγοις ἑπόμενον καταριθμήσασθαι δεῖ με ὁπόσα δένδρα σῶα ἔτι καὶ τεθηλότα λείπεται, πρεσβύτατον μὲν ἡ λύγος ἐστὶν αὐτῶν ἡ ἐν τῷ Σαμίων πεφυκυῖα ἱερῷ Ἥρας, μετὰ δὲ αὐτὴν ἡ ἐν Δωδώνῃ δρῦς καὶ ἐλαία τε ἡ ἐν ἀκροπόλει καὶ ἡ παρὰ Δηλίοις· τρίτα δὲ ἕνεκα ἀρχαιότητος νέμοιεν ἂν τῇ δάφνῃ τῇ παρὰ σφίσιν οἱ Σύροι· τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ἡ πλάτανός ἐστιν αὕτη παλαιότατον.
Καφυῶν δὲ ἀφέστηκεν ὅσον στάδιον Κονδυλέα χωρίον, καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος ἄλσος καὶ ναός ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα καλουμένης Κονδυλεάτιδος τὸ ἀρχαῖον· μετονομασθῆναι δὲ ἐπὶ αἰτίᾳ τὴν θεόν φασι τοιαύτῃ. παιδία περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν παίζοντα—ἀριθμὸν δὲ αὐτῶν οὐ μνημονεύουσιν—ἐπέτυχε καλῳδίῳ, δήσαντα δὲ τὸ καλῴδιον τοῦ ἀγάλματος περὶ τὸν τράχηλον ἐπέλεγεν ὡς ἀπάγχοιτο ἡ Ἄρτεμις.
φωράσαντες δὲ οἱ Καφυεῖς τὰ ποιηθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν παιδίων καταλεύουσιν αὐτά· καί σφισι ταῦτα ἐργασαμένοις ἐσέπεσεν ἐς τὰς γυναῖκας νόσος, τὰ ἐν τῇ γαστρὶ πρὸ τοκετοῦ τεθνεῶτα ἐκβάλλεσθαι, ἐς ὃ ἡ Πυθία θάψαι τε τὰ παιδία ἀνεῖπε καὶ ἐναγίζειν αὐτοῖς κατὰ ἔτος· ἀποθανεῖν γὰρ αὐτὰ οὐ σὺν δίκῃ. Καφυεῖς δὲ ποιοῦσι τά τε ἄλλα ἔτι καὶ νῦν κατʼ ἐκεῖνο τὸ μάντευμα καὶ τὴν ἐν ταῖς Κονδυλέαις θεὸν— προσεῖναι γὰρ καὶ τόδε ἔτι τῷ χρησμῷ φασι—καλοῦσιν Ἀπαγχομένην ἐξ ἐκείνου.
ἀνελθὼν δὲ ἐκ Καφυῶν ὅσον σταδίους ἑπτὰ ἐπὶ Νάσους καλουμένας καταβήσῃ· πεντήκοντα δὲ προελθόντι αὐτόθεν σταδίους ἐστὶν ὁ Λάδων. διαβήσῃ τε δὴ τὸν ποταμὸν καὶ ἐπὶ δρυμὸν ἀφίξῃ Σόρωνα διά τε Ἀργεαθῶν καὶ Λυκούντων καλουμένων καὶ Σκοτάνης.
ἄγει μὲν δὴ ὁ Σόρων τὴν ἐπὶ Ψωφῖδος· θηρία δὲ οὗτός τε καὶ ὅσοι δρυμοὶ τοῖς Ἀρκάσιν εἰσὶν ἄλλοι παρέχονται τοσάδε, ἀγρίους ὗς καὶ ἄρκτους καὶ χελώνας μεγίστας μεγέθει· λύρας ἂν ποιήσαιο ἐξ αὐτῶν χελώνης Ἰνδικῆς λύρᾳ παρισουμένας. τοῦ Σόρωνος δὲ πρὸς τοῖς πέρασιν ἔστι μὲν Πάου κώμης ἐρείπια, εἰσὶ δὲ οὐ πολὺ ἀπωτέρω αἱ καλούμεναι Σεῖραι· ὅροι δὲ Κλειτορίοις τῆς χώρας πρὸς Ψωφιδίους εἰσὶν αἱ Σεῖραι.
After Stymphalus there is Alea, which is also a member of the Argive confederacy. The natives declare that Aleus, son of Aphidas, was their founder. Here there are sanctuaries of Ephesian Artemis, and Athena Alea, and a temple of Dionysus with an image. In honour of Dionysus they hold a festival called the Scieria every second year: at this festival of Dionysus, in obedience to an oracle from Delphi, women are scourged, just as the Spartan lads are scourged at the image of Orthia.
In my description of Orchomenus I showed that the straight road runs at first beside the gully, and afterwards to the left of the mere. In the plain of Caphyae an earthen dyke is constructed by which the water of the Orchomenian district is dammed off so as not to harm the cultivated land of Caphyae. On the inner side of the dyke flows another water, big enough to be a river. It goes down into a chasm in the earth, and rises again beside Nasi, as it is called. The place where it rises is named Rheunus: having risen here, the water forms henceforward the perennial river Tragus.
The name of the city is clearly derived from Cepheus, son of Aleus, but in the Arcadian tongue the form Caphyae has prevailed. The Caphyans say that originally they belonged to Attica, but that, being expelled from Athens by Aegeus, they fled to Arcadia, and throwing themselves on the protection of Cepheus, took up their abode here. The town lies at the end of the plain, at the foot of not very high mountains : it contains sanctuaries of Poseidon and of Artemis, surnamed Cnacalesian. There is also a Mount Cnacalus in the district, where they celebrate annual mysteries in honour of Artemis. A little above the city is a spring, and over the spring grows a great and beautiful plane-tree, which they call the plane-tree of Menelaus, because they say that when Menelaus was mustering his army to go against Troy, he came here and planted the plane-tree at the spring; and at the present day they call the spring as well as the plane-tree by the name of Menelaus. 4. If I had to make out a list, in accordance with Greek traditions, of the old trees which still stand alive and hale, I should say that the oldest is the willow that grows in the sanctuary of Hera at Samos; next to it are the oak at Dodona, the olive on the Acropolis, and the olive at Delos; and the Syrians would give the third place, in point of age, to the laurel which grows in their land. Of all other trees this plane-tree is the most ancient.
About a furlong from Caphyae is a place Condylea, where there are a grove and temple of Artemis: she was called Condyleatis of old; but they say that the name of the goddess was changed for the following reason. Some children (they do not remember how many) playing about the sanctuary lit upon a rope, tied it round the neck of the image, and said that Artemis was being strangled. When the Caphyans discovered what the children had done they stoned them to death ; but no sooner had they done so, than their women were attacked by a disorder such that they were brought to bed prematurely, and the offspring were still-born, until the Pythian priestess bade them bury the children, and sacrifice to them yearly, because that they had been wrongfully slain. To this day the Caphyans comply with all the injunctions of the oracle: in particular they have ever since called the goddess at Condyleae the Strangled One, for this also, they say, was enjoined them by the oracle. 6. Having ascended about seven furlongs from Caphyae you will then descend to Nasi (‘islands’), as it is called; and fifty furlongs farther on you will come to the Ladon. You will cross the river, and passing through Argeathae, Lycuntes, and Scotane, you will come to the oak forest of Soron, through which runs the road to Psophis. Like the other oak woods of Arcadia this forest contains wild boars, bears, and huge tortoises: out of these tortoises you might make lyres which would match those made from the Indian tortoise. At the skirts of the forest is the ruined hamlet of Paus, and a little farther is Sirae, the boundary between the cantons of Clitor and Psophis.
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